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Articles 1501 - 1530 of 1943

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Lamb And Wool Production In An Organic Farming System, Christopher Kiptanui Ruto May 2005

Lamb And Wool Production In An Organic Farming System, Christopher Kiptanui Ruto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A study to evaluate lamb production under organic management was carried out in 2003 and 2004 at the West Virginia University Organic Research Farm. About 0.93 ha of tall fescue-orchard grass-red clover grassland was assigned to three blocks based on soil type, slope and previous treatment. Each block was divided into two main plots and assigned the following treatments: One was fertilized with compost while the other received no fertilizer. Two groups of sheep under organic management were rotationally grazed on the plots; one group on the plots with compost (high input) and the other on the plots with no …

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Pasture Management For Pasture-Finished Beef, Edward Barrow Rayburn Mar 2005

Pasture Management For Pasture-Finished Beef, Edward Barrow Rayburn

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

WVU-Extension fact sheet

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Holding Media Responsible For Deceptive Weight-Loss Advertising, Chester S. Galloway, Herbert Jack Rotfeld, Jef I. Richards Jan 2005

Holding Media Responsible For Deceptive Weight-Loss Advertising, Chester S. Galloway, Herbert Jack Rotfeld, Jef I. Richards

West Virginia Law Review

In Fall 2002, the Federal Trade Commission held a Workshop exploring the problem of misleading weight-loss promotional pitches. After the agency spent decades cleaning up deceptive advertising, the weight-loss industry continues to be replete with such tactics. In an attempt to more aggressively attack those deceptions, the FTC used the Workshop as a forum to suggest that media should play a more active role in screening ads for diet products and programs. Some saw this as an implied threat that the agency may begin holding media liable for publishing those ads. Media protest that this forces them into the de …

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Want Fries With That - A Critical Analysis Of Fast Food Litigation, Donald R. Richardson Jan 2005

Want Fries With That - A Critical Analysis Of Fast Food Litigation, Donald R. Richardson

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Survey Of Athletic Training Clinical Education: Perceptions From The Field, Alan Nasypany Jr. Jan 2005

Survey Of Athletic Training Clinical Education: Perceptions From The Field, Alan Nasypany Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to identify: (1) Who are ACIs; (2) What are the perceptions of the clinical education process since the implementation of the 2001 Proficiencies, Standards, and Guidelines; (3) What factors are most and least facilitating to the clinical education process; and (4) What factors should be first addressed to improve the clinical education process. Online surveys were sent to 298 Program Directors and they were asked to distribute them to ACIs in their programs. Two weeks later, the survey was posted on the Athletic Training Education Listserve. Two hundred and twelve surveys were returned. The …

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Pharmaceutical Performance Testing Of Commercially Available Calcium Supplements, Jianqing Liu Jan 2005

Pharmaceutical Performance Testing Of Commercially Available Calcium Supplements, Jianqing Liu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In our research, the quality of a number of calcium supplements was evaluated by their physical properties, disintegration and dissolution profiles. Physical tests and disintegration did show a pH sensitivity. Disintegration confirmed the good uniformity of the products. In the USP required dissolution test, most of the products did not achieve acceptable drug release in the specified time period. While formulation factors and the salt form of calcium supplements can to some extent affect their dissolution pattern, it was ultimately considered that the failure may be related to the poor solubility of the calcium salts.;Based on the results and the …

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Factors Influencing Venture Capital Availability In Rural States: Possible Lessons Learned From West Virginia, David W. Hughes, Kris Mallory, Mihaela A. Szabo Jan 2005

Factors Influencing Venture Capital Availability In Rural States: Possible Lessons Learned From West Virginia, David W. Hughes, Kris Mallory, Mihaela A. Szabo

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

Venture capital has been identified by many as a vital element in the rapid economic growth of certain regions. The lack of access to capital, especially equity capital, has been identified as a major constraint to the economic growth of rural areas (i.e., venture capital access, as a centripetal force, concentrates rather than disperses economic activity). Researchers have advanced a focus on primarily urban sectors, such as information technologies, higher administration costs due to a lack of deal flow, and a limited support network for entrepreneurs as explanations for the lack of venture capital in rural areas. Yet, some venture …

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Manure From Grazing Cattle: Effects On Soil Microbial Communities And Soil Quality In Northern West Virginia Pastures., Yovita Sutanto Jan 2005

Manure From Grazing Cattle: Effects On Soil Microbial Communities And Soil Quality In Northern West Virginia Pastures., Yovita Sutanto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Upland pastures in West Virginia receive low-input management. The effect of manure addition to upland pasture soils was measured with a variety of biological indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), hot water extractable carbon (HWC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) and soil CO2 efflux. The effect of manure was found to be short-lived and most profound in soil surface Microbial diversity of pasture soil was examined using community level physiological profiles (CLPP) and molecular characterization of 16S ribosomal RNA genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Culture-independent and culture-dependent methods for molecular characterization of …

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A Comparison Of Forest Soils Exhibiting Various Degrees Of Nitrogen Availability: Do Tree Species Matter And Which Nutrients Are Limiting In Nitrogen Rich Environments?, Stephen E. Gress Jan 2005

A Comparison Of Forest Soils Exhibiting Various Degrees Of Nitrogen Availability: Do Tree Species Matter And Which Nutrients Are Limiting In Nitrogen Rich Environments?, Stephen E. Gress

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Regions downwind of industrial and agricultural pollution receive high amounts of nitrogen (N) deposition. Some forested regions now exhibit symptoms on N saturation, which is N availability in excess of biotic demand. This phenomena and the evidence that trees alter soil in ways that may influence N saturation is the basis of my research. My thesis consists of three parts: (1) Testing the association between tree species and soil properties: Can larger-scale patterns be found under individual trees?; (2) Phosphomonesterase activity in violets (Viola rotundifolia) found in watersheds exhibiting varying levels of nitrogen availability: What lies beyond nitrogen saturation?; and …

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Management Of The Suckled Post-Partum Beef Cows: Pasture-Based Weaning System., John F. Odhiambo Jan 2005

Management Of The Suckled Post-Partum Beef Cows: Pasture-Based Weaning System., John F. Odhiambo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Low grain prices and recurrent periods of drought have elicited interest in early weaning. Calves can efficiently utilize feed for weight gain when it is fed directly, rather than through their dams. This study evaluated calf response in three weaning systems (experiment 1) and profiles of body energy reserves in early-weaned beef cows (experiment 2). Treatment x year, and calf sex x year interaction (P < 0.05) were observed for calf weight gain. These interactions underscored the need for constant readjustments in management systems that incorporate early weaning in their programs. In experiment 2, body weight and condition score of cows were affected marginally (P = 0.06) by early weaning, whereas ribfat and rumpfat differed (P < 0.05) between earlyweaned and control cows. These findings indicated that subjective methods (body weight and condition score) should be used in combination with more objective measurements (ribfat and/or rumpfat) for accurate evaluation of energy status of beef cows. Cows of various ages responded differently to early weaning. Three to five-year-old cows exhibited greater response to early weaning as opposed to 2-year-olds and cows > 5 years of age, indicating that profit potential of the cow-calf operation can be improved by altered management of middle-aged cows.

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Seawater Proteomics: The Recovery, Separation, And Characterization Of Dissolved Proteins In Seawater., Matthew Jacob Powell Jan 2005

Seawater Proteomics: The Recovery, Separation, And Characterization Of Dissolved Proteins In Seawater., Matthew Jacob Powell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Dissolved proteins are important components of high molecular weight marine dissolved organic matter (DOM). Little is known about the sources, transformations, and pathways of marine DOM, and <30% has been characterized at the molecular-level. Advances in proteomics technology have improved our ability to sequence proteins, making dissolved proteins a suitable target for molecular-level characterization. Dissolved proteins are important biomarkers in the oceans, and molecular-level analysis can provide valuable insight into their chemical characteristics, structural modifications, and potential sources. Molecular-level characterization of dissolved proteins in seawater requires a reproducible recovery method with efficient recovery yields and minimal sample losses. The use of surface blocking agents (SBA) to saturate sites of non-specific interactions reduced adsorptive sample losses during recovery of dissolved proteins from artificial seawater by tangential flow ultrafiltration. The SBA pre-treatment resulted in more reproducible recovery yields (∼55–60%) and enhanced initial recovery by 46%. Dissolved proteins recovered from deep and surface seawater samples were separated by gel electrophoresis, revealing the presence of a small number of discrete bands and significant amounts of unresolved background. A proteinase K assay determined that the bands and unresolved background were proteinaceous in nature. Enzymatic digests of the dissolved proteins were analyzed by reversed phase chromatography coupled on-line to a linear trapping quadrupole Fourier transform mass spectrometer (LTQ-FTMS). The peptide MS/MS spectra were searched against non-redundant databases by correlation algorithms, but no positive identifications were made. The peptide tandem mass spectra were directly interpreted by de novo sequencing to generate peptide tags that were used in database searches to develop protein homologue information. The similarity search results revealed two trends for specific classes of proteins observed (membrane/envelope proteins and enzymes) and identified conserved sequences for several multi-species protein homologues. These results demonstrate that there are several different classes of refractory proteins represented in the DOM pool and provide evidence for the presence of dissolved proteins other than bacterial outer membrane proteins. Additionally, an intact protein was extracted from a gel band and analyzed by direct infusion ESI FTMS. The resultant high resolution protein spectrum was deconvoluted to determine the accurate molecular weight of the protein.

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A Study Of Assessment Policies And Practices Of Directors In Pre-Kindergarten Programs In West Virginia., Janet Dozier Jan 2005

A Study Of Assessment Policies And Practices Of Directors In Pre-Kindergarten Programs In West Virginia., Janet Dozier

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As education for young children becomes more standards-based there has been a cry for more assessments. Developmentally appropriate assessment for young children has been defined by the twelve guidelines developed by the National Association for Young Children. The purpose of this study was done by surveying the 440 pre-kindergarten program directors in West Virginia regarding his/her perception of importance and implementation of those national assessment guidelines and followed by ten structured interviews of directors across the program descriptions. The study found the implementations of guidelines to be positively correlated to the director's perception of importance. Further it found that all …

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Modified Delphi Investigation Of Exercise Science In Physical Education Teacher Education, Sean M. Bulger Dec 2004

Modified Delphi Investigation Of Exercise Science In Physical Education Teacher Education, Sean M. Bulger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As physical education teacher educators experiment with alternative pedagogical approaches to bridge the gap between subdisciplinary theory and professional practice, the need for enhanced multi-disciplinary research and communication continues. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical exercise science competencies, and associated instructional methods, that are recommended for inclusion in the physical education teacher education undergraduate curriculum. An initial list of theoretical and applied exercise science competencies was constructed using the knowledge, skills, and abilities recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine for individuals working in the field of exercise science. The two-round, modified Delphi procedure involved …

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Women And Social Services In Saudi Arabia, Khadija Nasseef Dec 2004

Women And Social Services In Saudi Arabia, Khadija Nasseef

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This master thesis talks about social services for women that provided by social welfare agencies in Saudi Arabia. This thesis is a descriptive study that uses the content analysis as a method to investigate social services agencies that provides special services for women. This thesis also had special interest in social services that improve women's lives in Saudi Arabia. The content analysis is made on documents and brochures of 4 main social services agencies that offer services for women. The content analysis was made in term of these agencies main aim and target, their main massage, their programs for women, …

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What Is The Impact Of Parental Support On Early Literacy?, Deborah K. Bush Dec 2004

What Is The Impact Of Parental Support On Early Literacy?, Deborah K. Bush

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Today, more than 75 percent of women ages 25--34 and 75 percent of women with a child under six years of age participate in the labor force. When both parents work outside the home, they often want to send their child to preschool, but preschool classes aren't always available, and often those that are available are the government programs that are open only to those of lower socio-economic status.;In addition, parents often want to support the emergent literacy of their children and help prepare them for kindergarten but aren't sure of how to provide the type of assistance that might …

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Characterization Of Cyp2d Protein From Human Brain Cerebellum, Deepak Bhatia Dec 2004

Characterization Of Cyp2d Protein From Human Brain Cerebellum, Deepak Bhatia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

To date, knowledge in characterization of CYP proteins has been limited to immunoblotting, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and so forth; therefore, it is the intention of this study to investigate: (1) What kind of CYP2D protein is present in brain with modern proteomic tools; (2) Whether, CYP2D6 in brain is same as the liver CYP2D6; and (3) If CYP2D7 is present, can CYP2D6 polymorphism be found in the brain?;To answer these questions, this study used a one-step method of isolation of protein by immunoprecipitation followed by its identification using 2D-blots, nanospray LCMS, immunoblots and immunohistochemistry. Probing of immunoprecipitated proteins with polyclonal CYP2D6 …

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Potential Mechanisms Linking Nutrition And Neuroendocrine Control Of Reproduction In The Sheep, Adam Bradley Dobbins Dec 2004

Potential Mechanisms Linking Nutrition And Neuroendocrine Control Of Reproduction In The Sheep, Adam Bradley Dobbins

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nutrition and reproduction are linked in that the nutritional status of an individual influences its reproductive performance, i.e. an individual in negative energy balance will have decreased ability to reproduce. The mechanisms in which nutrition influences reproduction are not understood. My data suggest that reductions in lutenizing hormone secretion resulting from photoperiod-induced increases in sensitivity to testosterone negative feedback may be mediated, at least in part, by elevated neuropeptide Y (NPY), a hypothalamic neuropeptide shown to alter gonadotropin releasing hormone release and potently affect food intake. The results from my second study support our hypothesis that the growth hormone mediated …

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Starvation-Induced Alterations In Hepatic Lysine Metabolism In Different Families Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Angela Higgins Dec 2004

Starvation-Induced Alterations In Hepatic Lysine Metabolism In Different Families Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Angela Higgins

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study focused on lysine catabolism by the lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) pathway in rainbow trout (RBT). Selective breeding based on feed efficiency in 2 strains (A and B) of RBT generated 2 families within each strain. Eight fish from each of the four families were randomly allotted to individual tanks. Fish were fed until satiation for 3 wks at which time four fish within each family were randomly selected for 2 wks of starvation. After the 2 wk starvation, all fish were harvested. Hepatic in-vitro LKR activity and lysine oxidation (LOX) were measured as was LKR mRNA abundance. Strain …

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Biometric Analysis And Aversive Conditioning Of Black Bears In Southern West Virginia, Harley Wayne Weaver Dec 2004

Biometric Analysis And Aversive Conditioning Of Black Bears In Southern West Virginia, Harley Wayne Weaver

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

During 2003, 11 male and 1 female black bear (Ursus americanus) were captured and fitted with radio collars. Individuals were randomly assigned to receive either treatment (n = 6) or control (n = 6). Upon release, treatment individuals received a conditional regimen comprised of rubber buckshot to the flank and a succession of shell crackers. Physical and auditory conditioning techniques we used did not appear to be an effective means of reducing repeat nuisance behavior.;West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) captured 179 (151 males, 28 females) nuisance and 156 (77 males, 79 females) non-nuisance individuals from 1996 to 2003.;We …

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Reasons For Overwinter Declines In Age-1+ Brook Trout Populations (Salvelinus Fontinalis) In Appalachian Headwater Streams, Jeremy J. Webster Dec 2004

Reasons For Overwinter Declines In Age-1+ Brook Trout Populations (Salvelinus Fontinalis) In Appalachian Headwater Streams, Jeremy J. Webster

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Appalachian Mountains are an important game species in West Virginia, yet angling mortality on these populations in headwater streams is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine relative changes in body composition of brook trout as they fluctuate throughout the year, and to identify critical periods of survival to determine if brook trout reach critical levels of resource depletion over winter, and (2) evaluate whether angler harvest affects brook trout populations in spring in headwater streams. Body composition estimates indicated that brook trout are unlikely to reach critical levels of …

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Pentosidine As A Biomarker For Age In Birds And Museum-Prepared Study Skins, Jesse A. Fallon Aug 2004

Pentosidine As A Biomarker For Age In Birds And Museum-Prepared Study Skins, Jesse A. Fallon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The phenomenon of aging is progressive, irreversible and universal to all living things. One unavoidable outcome of aging is the modification of proteins by sugars, which, through a non-enzymatic process, can lead to the formation of crosslinked compounds termed advanced glycation endproducts. One such endproduct, pentosidine (Ps), is an indicator, or biomarker, of biological age. Because most birds have no reliable markers of age beyond adulthood, this investigation examines the accumulation of Ps as an estimator of chronological age in birds. The first study herein examines interspecies comparison of Ps accumulation in Ruffed grouse and Double-crested cormorants. The second investigates …

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Effects Of Various Phytase Concentrations In Diets With Low-Phytate Corn On Broiler Chick Performance And Metabolism, Nicole J. Baker Aug 2004

Effects Of Various Phytase Concentrations In Diets With Low-Phytate Corn On Broiler Chick Performance And Metabolism, Nicole J. Baker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research indicates a reduction of phosphorus content in fecal excreta with the supplementation of phytase to corn-soybean meal based diets or with the use of low phytate corn (LPC) in broilers. This study examined how 0--3 wk broiler chicks are impacted by concomitant phytase supplementation with LPC (0.136% phytate phosphorus (PP) by analysis) in the diet. Various levels of phytase from either 2500 or 5000 FYT/g of Peniophora lycii phytase product were used as experimental treatments. Efficacy of treatments was determined using a response curve created with increasing levels of monocalcium phosphate. Following a 6-day pretest, 576 broiler chicks were …

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Sources And Ecological Consequences Of Deposited And Suspended Sediments In Small Tributaries Of The Upper Elk River Watershed, West Virginia, Cynthia Louise Sanders Aug 2004

Sources And Ecological Consequences Of Deposited And Suspended Sediments In Small Tributaries Of The Upper Elk River Watershed, West Virginia, Cynthia Louise Sanders

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Deposited and suspended sediments were sampled in small tributaries of the upper Elk River watershed to determine if differences exist in sediment transport and deposition based on land management activities of low disturbance, development, or timber harvesting. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis ) were sampled to determine if a negative relationship existed between populations and deposited or suspended sediments. There were no significant relationships in deposited sediments among land use yet timber harvest and developed lands had significantly higher transported sediments than low disturbance lands. There were no significant relationships between brook trout populations and deposited sediments. However, a slight negative …

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Nutrient Remobilization During Development And Senescence Of Petunia X Hybrida Floral Organs, Karyn L. Smith Aug 2004

Nutrient Remobilization During Development And Senescence Of Petunia X Hybrida Floral Organs, Karyn L. Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fresh weight, dry weight, and macronutrient content of corollas, ovaries, and styles were measured during the development and senescence of several wild-type and transgenic Petunia x hybrida plants. Flowers of age-related senescence exhibited growth, maintenance, and senescence phases during development. Flowers terminated by pollination-induced senescence exhibited only growth and senescence phases. Fresh and dry weight of Mitchell, V26, and SAG12-IPT corollas followed patterns previously observed in climacteric flowers. SAG12-IPT, a cytokinin overproducing plant, exhibited a prolonged maintenance phase compared to V26. A temporary increase in fresh weight, dry weight, and macronutrients of Mitchell corollas occurred at the expected onset of …

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Effect Of Grain Particle Size, Feed Form And Pellet Texture On Broiler Performance, Carcass Quality, True Metabolizable Energy, Feed Passage Time And Preference, Amy S. Parsons Aug 2004

Effect Of Grain Particle Size, Feed Form And Pellet Texture On Broiler Performance, Carcass Quality, True Metabolizable Energy, Feed Passage Time And Preference, Amy S. Parsons

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Treatments consisted of five mash diets (781 microns, 950 microns, 1,042 microns, 1,109 microns, 2,242 microns) and two pelleted diets (water (soft) and binder (hard) inclusion). Water and binder addition produced similar pellet durability (90.4% and 86.2% respectively) and fines (44.5% and 40.3% respectively).;Broilers fed mash diets exhibited decreased live weight gain and breast yield with increased gizzard, compared to broilers fed pelleted diets. As diet particle size increased, feed intake and gizzard yield increased and feed efficiency decreased. Broiler true metabolizable energy increased then decreased when diet particle size increased. Hard pellets increased live weight gain. Fines of the …

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Epidemiological Burden Of Depression And Its Impact On Adherence To Oral Hypoglycemic Agents And Related Economic Outcomes In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Iftekhar D. Kalsekar Aug 2004

Epidemiological Burden Of Depression And Its Impact On Adherence To Oral Hypoglycemic Agents And Related Economic Outcomes In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Iftekhar D. Kalsekar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Presence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes may affect their adherence to oral hypoglycemics and consequently glycemic control and economic outcomes. These potential effects may be more significant when one considers that depression is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes. This study involved two phases. Phase one of the study examined the epidemiological relationship between depression and type 2 diabetes. Phase two of the study examined the impact of depression on patterns of use and adherence to oral hypoglycemics in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Impact of depression on expenditures related to type 2 diabetes and overall …

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Estimating Net Photosynthesis And Productivity Of A Loblolly Pine Forest Grown With Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, Clint J. Springer Aug 2004

Estimating Net Photosynthesis And Productivity Of A Loblolly Pine Forest Grown With Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, Clint J. Springer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

I examined the long-term effects of elevated CO2 on the leaf chemistry and photosynthesis of four species growing in the understory and two species growing in the overstory at the Duke Forest FACE experiment. I then used these measurements to parameterize a process based forest productivity model, PnET-II, in order to model the net primary productivity of the portions of the forest growing under ambient and elevated CO2. Finally, I performed a greenhouse study that examined the effects of elevated CO 2 and water availability on the growth and biomass allocation of loblolly pine seedlings from four distinct geographic locations. …

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Effect Of Watering Regime And Media Components On The Production Of Organic Tomato Transplants, Melissa C. Vantine Aug 2004

Effect Of Watering Regime And Media Components On The Production Of Organic Tomato Transplants, Melissa C. Vantine

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order to find appropriate methods to produce quality organic tomato transplants, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. WV '63) seedlings were grown in four growing media containing various ratios of composted animal manure and were compared to transplants grown in a conventional peat-lite mix receiving synthetic fertilizers. These five media were watered according to eight watering regimes, including five watering levels and three watering regimes containing compost tea. Composted horse and cow manure can be used in part or instead of peat in organic potting mixes. The ratio of compost used will depend on characteristics of the compost and will also …

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Diet, Physical Activity, And Television Viewing In Relation To The Body Weight Status Of West Virginia Adolescents, Kimberly M. Morris Aug 2004

Diet, Physical Activity, And Television Viewing In Relation To The Body Weight Status Of West Virginia Adolescents, Kimberly M. Morris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context. The obesity epidemic is now threatening youth. Yet little is known regarding the factors associated with adolescent weight status.;Objective. To determine whether dietary intakes, physical activity, and hours spent viewing television are related to the body weight status of West Virginia adolescents.;Design, setting, and participants. This descriptive study included survey, diet recall, and body mass index data from 1,036, 14--20 year olds attending West Virginia high schools during the years 2002 to 2003.;Results. Overweight students consumed less kilocalories (∼378) (P < .001), less servings of total grains (P < .01) and a greater percentage of their energy from protein (P = .01). A significantly less amount of overweight students reported participating in strengthening/toning physical activities on three or more days of the week (P < .01).;Conclusion. Overweight adolescents within the state of West Virginia appear more likely to restrict their energy intake rather than exercise to lose weight. Thus, public health intervention strategies to help these students reach a healthy weight while maintaining adequate nutrition are imperative.

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Ctp Synthase And Transporter Function In Coxiella Burnetii, Jeffrey D. Miller Aug 2004

Ctp Synthase And Transporter Function In Coxiella Burnetii, Jeffrey D. Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Coxiella burnetii is a gram negative, obligate intracellular parasite that can only replicate in the acidified environment of a phagosome. Like other intracellular parasites, C. burnetii depends on the host cell for many of the substrates required for growth, such as amino acids. It had been observed that avirulent C. burnetii Nine Mile strain (Phase II) organisms in BHK-21 fibroblasts displayed improved growth when extracellular cytidine was introduced to infected cultures. This improved growth was not observed in wild type organisms in the same cell system. This observation, coupled with early enzyme activity studies, suggested that Phase II organisms had …

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