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Periplasmic Flagella Of The Spirochetes Borrelia Burgdorferi And Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae, Melanie S. Sal May 2005

Periplasmic Flagella Of The Spirochetes Borrelia Burgdorferi And Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae, Melanie S. Sal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Spirochetes are unique bacteria that cause a variety of diseases. Motility, provided by periplasmic flagella (PFs), is a virulence factor for spirochetes. This work focuses on PFs from Borrelia burgdorferi and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. PFs consist of three main parts: basal body, hook, and filament. Monoclonal antibodies were developed to attempt identification of individual FlaB filament proteins in B. hyodysenteriae .;The PF filament of B. burgdorferi consists of a major flagellin, FlaB, and a minor flagellin, FlaA. FlaB constitutes 10-14%, whereas FlaA contributes less than 0.5%, of total cellular protein. Although these flagellins co-precipitate, the location of FlaA on a PF …

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The Water Resources Protection Act And Its Impact On West Virginia Water Law, David M. Flannery, Blair D. Gardner, Jeffrey R. Vining Apr 2005

The Water Resources Protection Act And Its Impact On West Virginia Water Law, David M. Flannery, Blair D. Gardner, Jeffrey R. Vining

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Pasture Management For Pasture-Finished Beef, Edward Barrow Rayburn Mar 2005

Pasture Management For Pasture-Finished Beef, Edward Barrow Rayburn

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

WVU-Extension fact sheet

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Tourism And The West Virginia Economy, Tom Witt, Mark Fletcher Jan 2005

Tourism And The West Virginia Economy, Tom Witt, Mark Fletcher

Bureau of Business & Economic Research

No abstract provided.

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Particulate Matter Exposure Impairs Systemic Microvascular Endothelium-Dependent Dilation, Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Dale W. Porter, Mark Barger, Vincent Castranova, Matthew A. Boegehold Jan 2005

Particulate Matter Exposure Impairs Systemic Microvascular Endothelium-Dependent Dilation, Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Dale W. Porter, Mark Barger, Vincent Castranova, Matthew A. Boegehold

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Acute exposure to airborne pollutants, such as solid particulate matter (PM), increases the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction, but the mechanisms by which PM evokes systemic effects remain to be identified. The purpose of this study was to determine if pulmonary exposure to a PM surrogate, such as residual oil fly ash (ROFA), affects endothelium-dependent dilation in the systemic microcirculation. Rats were intratracheally instilled with ROFA at 0.1, 0.25, 1 or 2 mg/rat 24 hr before experimental measurements. Rats intratracheally instilled with saline or titanium dioxide (0.25 mg/rat) served as vehicle or particle control groups, respectively. In vivo microscopy of the …

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A Streptococcal Collagen-Like Protein Interacts With The Α 2 Β 1 Integrin And Induces Intracellular Signaling, Joseph O. Humtsoe, Jiyeun K. Kim, Yi Xu, Douglas R. Keene, Magnus Höök, Slawomir Lukomski, Kishore K. Wary Jan 2005

A Streptococcal Collagen-Like Protein Interacts With The Α 2 Β 1 Integrin And Induces Intracellular Signaling, Joseph O. Humtsoe, Jiyeun K. Kim, Yi Xu, Douglas R. Keene, Magnus Höök, Slawomir Lukomski, Kishore K. Wary

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Costs Of Sovereignty, K. A.D. Camara Jan 2005

Costs Of Sovereignty, K. A.D. Camara

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Investigating Treatment Windows For Effective And Environmentally Sound Herbicide Applications For Controlling Tree-Of-Heaven, William E. Eck Jan 2005

Investigating Treatment Windows For Effective And Environmentally Sound Herbicide Applications For Controlling Tree-Of-Heaven, William E. Eck

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This paper discusses three research studies, each investigating a different treatment window for controlling tree-of-heaven using effective and environmentally sound herbicide applications. In the first study, efficacy of the herbicides triclopyr and imazapyr was tested using injection and basal bark treatment methods. In the second study, efficacy of triclopyr with different levels of imazapyr was tested using the basal bark treatment method. In the third study, weekly timing of chemical controls was investigated. Our study yielded a recommendation to treat tree-of-heaven with a low volume basal spray of Garlon 4 in a non-aromatic penetrating oil when growth is maximized in …

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Pharmaceutical Performance Testing Of Commercially Available Calcium Supplements, Jianqing Liu Jan 2005

Pharmaceutical Performance Testing Of Commercially Available Calcium Supplements, Jianqing Liu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In our research, the quality of a number of calcium supplements was evaluated by their physical properties, disintegration and dissolution profiles. Physical tests and disintegration did show a pH sensitivity. Disintegration confirmed the good uniformity of the products. In the USP required dissolution test, most of the products did not achieve acceptable drug release in the specified time period. While formulation factors and the salt form of calcium supplements can to some extent affect their dissolution pattern, it was ultimately considered that the failure may be related to the poor solubility of the calcium salts.;Based on the results and the …

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The Vanishing Public Domain: Antibiotic Resistance, Pharmaceutical Innovation And Intellectual Property Law, Kevin Outterson Jan 2005

The Vanishing Public Domain: Antibiotic Resistance, Pharmaceutical Innovation And Intellectual Property Law, Kevin Outterson

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Penicillin and other antibiotics were the original wonder drugs and laid the foundation of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Human health significantly improved with the introduction of antibiotics. By 1967, the U.S. Surgeon General declared victory over infectious diseases in the United States. But pride goes before a fall. The evolutionary pressure of antibiotic use selects for resistant strains. Effective drugs should be used. But when they are used, no matter how carefully, evolutionary pressure for resistance is created. The problem is not limited to antibiotics. Variants of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develop resistance to anti-retroviral drugs. Antifungal agents face …

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Manure From Grazing Cattle: Effects On Soil Microbial Communities And Soil Quality In Northern West Virginia Pastures., Yovita Sutanto Jan 2005

Manure From Grazing Cattle: Effects On Soil Microbial Communities And Soil Quality In Northern West Virginia Pastures., Yovita Sutanto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Upland pastures in West Virginia receive low-input management. The effect of manure addition to upland pasture soils was measured with a variety of biological indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), hot water extractable carbon (HWC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) and soil CO2 efflux. The effect of manure was found to be short-lived and most profound in soil surface Microbial diversity of pasture soil was examined using community level physiological profiles (CLPP) and molecular characterization of 16S ribosomal RNA genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Culture-independent and culture-dependent methods for molecular characterization of …

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A Web Based Forensic Information Management System., Sriram Govindarajulu Jan 2005

A Web Based Forensic Information Management System., Sriram Govindarajulu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The focus of this work was on the design and implementation of a web based forensic information management system for the West Virginia State Police Forensics Laboratory (WVSPFL). The software tool enables law enforcement agents to submit crime information to the Forensic Laboratory via a secure Internet connection. The tool also enables each of the nine units of WVSPFL to process the information electronically. Online electronic forms were created to mirror the existing paper based forms, making the transition easier. The existing processes were standardized and streamlined, there by minimizing information inconsistency. The crime information once gathered is automatically uploaded …

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Spatial Characterization Of Pollution Sources: An Analysis Of In-Stream Water Quality Data From The Potomac Headwaters Of West Virginia., A. Andrew Macqueen Iv Jan 2005

Spatial Characterization Of Pollution Sources: An Analysis Of In-Stream Water Quality Data From The Potomac Headwaters Of West Virginia., A. Andrew Macqueen Iv

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The relationship between land cover characteristics and water pollutant concentrations in surface water was evaluated for 10 sub-basins in the Potomac Headwaters Region of West Virginia. Using water quality data collected between 1998 and 2004 by the West Virginia Department of Agriculture (WVDA), mean and median in-stream concentrations of fecal coliform, total phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen were determined for specific periods of time during the sampling period. Land use categories were evaluated on a basin-wide and a floodplain-specific scale. The percentages of forest, agriculture, cropland and urban land were determined. In addition, erodibility, organic matter content and permeability were aggregated …

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Crisis Management: The Effective Use Of Image Restoration Strategies When An Organization/Individual Is Faced With A Crisis., Anthony Lewis Martin Jan 2005

Crisis Management: The Effective Use Of Image Restoration Strategies When An Organization/Individual Is Faced With A Crisis., Anthony Lewis Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This paper examines strategies and ethics in the field of public relations for establishing a reputation with key stakeholders of an organization. This paper also explores how a properly maintained reputation helps when a crisis erupts and what strategies are used when dealing with a crisis. The second half of this paper is a qualitative content analysis. The pilot study examines an entire year of New York newspaper coverage of The American Red Cross and controversies concerning funds they collected after the events that took place on September 11, 2001. The greater research examines evening television news coverage dealing with …

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An Examination Of Celebratory Violence: Wvu Football Season 2004., Sara Lynn D'Agostino Jan 2005

An Examination Of Celebratory Violence: Wvu Football Season 2004., Sara Lynn D'Agostino

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study of celebratory violence represents an application of applied research in partial fulfillment of a masters degree. By and large students, alumni, college administrators as well as sport reporters and sport scholars have voiced their frustration about student riots at Colleges and Universities. As a qualitative study, this paper focused on the nature of fan behavior among college students at West Virginia University Football games in the 2004 season. Specifically, the study focuses on fans emotions, behavior and language, commonly referred to as celebratory violence at college football games. Results have been arranged into four chapters that form the …

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Hostility, Forgiveness, And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress: Does Forgiveness Mediate Or Moderate The Relation Between Hostility And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Anger -Eliciting Laboratory Experiences?, Danielle H. Hernandez Jan 2005

Hostility, Forgiveness, And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Stress: Does Forgiveness Mediate Or Moderate The Relation Between Hostility And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Anger -Eliciting Laboratory Experiences?, Danielle H. Hernandez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Numerous studies that have examined the physical health consequences of individual variables have focused on negative traits such as hostility, anger, and stress. These studies have demonstrated that such variables are often related to deleterious health outcomes as well as exaggerated cardiovascular reactions to stress. Fewer studies have examined the health benefits of positive variables like forgiveness. Forgiveness and hostility are thought to have an inverse relation, and it is not surprising that forgiveness has been associated with reduced cardiovascular reactivity to stress. Recognizing that hostility is related to elevated cardiovascular reactivity, and that forgiveness is associated with decreased cardiovascular …

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The Effects Of Hypovirulent Cryphonectria Parasitica Inoculum, Developmental Stages Of Cankers, And Time Of Year Of Wounding On The Survival Of The American Chestnut., Steven R. Jakobi Jan 2005

The Effects Of Hypovirulent Cryphonectria Parasitica Inoculum, Developmental Stages Of Cankers, And Time Of Year Of Wounding On The Survival Of The American Chestnut., Steven R. Jakobi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The dissemination of European (Euro-7) and North American (GH2) hypovirulent (H) isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica to American chestnut saplings was investigated. Nine 0.01 ha plots were established in a clearcut. Each of 24 trees per plot received 4 punch- and 1 branch wounds in October, 1985; January, April, and July, 1986. Control plots received a virulent (V) strain of the fungus. H inocula were placed in three plots per treatment, respectively, at 2–4 month intervals. Cankers were sampled over a 2.5-year period. Isolate morphology, growth rate and sporulation were evaluated. Three hundred forty-three of the 3,456 punch wounds and 112 …

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"Upon The Shoulders Of Giants": Deconstructing The Lost State Of Franklin, 1784-2005., Kevin T. Barksdale Jan 2005

"Upon The Shoulders Of Giants": Deconstructing The Lost State Of Franklin, 1784-2005., Kevin T. Barksdale

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In 1784, the residents of the upper east Tennessee Valley declared themselves independent from their parent state of North Carolina. The political and economic leadership of the newly formed state of Franklin utilized the ideology, symbolism, and rhetoric of the American Revolution to garner local, regional and national support for the movement. After the state's collapse in 1788, the state of Franklin continued to attract supporters and admirers, who considered the movement to be a noble extension of the revolution. Over the last two hundred years, historians, politicians, abolitionists, and business leaders have recast the legacy and meaning of the …

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The Role Of Heat Shock Proteins In Skeletal Muscle Adaptation To Resistance Training In Young And Old Rats., Zsolt Murlasits Jan 2005

The Role Of Heat Shock Proteins In Skeletal Muscle Adaptation To Resistance Training In Young And Old Rats., Zsolt Murlasits

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Heat shock proteins (HSP's) are expressed in response to various stressors, such as physical exercise, therefore this study investigated the role of these proteins in skeletal muscle remodeling in response to resistance training. First, we determined the time course of HSP response as a result of a single bout of damaging contractions characterized by non-recoverable force deficit. The next study investigated HSP expression in 3 month old and 30 month old rats in response to a 4.5-week, chronic resistance training program that was designed to elicit muscle hypertrophy. Moreover, we analyzed the gene expression of four hsp70 genes to determine …

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Cdc42 Regulates Arsenic-Induced Nadph Oxidase Activation And Cell Migration Through Actin Filament Reorganization, Yong Qian, Ke Jian Liu, Yan Chen, Daniel C. Flynn, Vince Castranova, Xianglin Shi Jan 2005

Cdc42 Regulates Arsenic-Induced Nadph Oxidase Activation And Cell Migration Through Actin Filament Reorganization, Yong Qian, Ke Jian Liu, Yan Chen, Daniel C. Flynn, Vince Castranova, Xianglin Shi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Aterf4 And Aterf7 Are Involved In The Abscisic Acid Signaling Response In Arabidopsis., Zhen Yang Jan 2005

Aterf4 And Aterf7 Are Involved In The Abscisic Acid Signaling Response In Arabidopsis., Zhen Yang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

ERFs (ethylene-responsive element binding factors) belong to a large family of transcription factors that are found exclusively in plants. A small subfamily of ERF proteins can act as transcriptional repressors. The Arabidopsis genome contains eight ERF repressors, namely AtERF3, AtERF4, AtERF7, AtERF8, AtERF9, AtERF10, AtERF11, and AtERF12. The different ERF repressors show differential expression, suggesting that they may have different function. The expression of AtERF4 can be induced by ethylene, jasmonic acid, or abscisic acid. AtERF7 can be induced by abscisic acid only. Using a transient expression system, we demonstrated that AtERF4 and AtERF7 can function as transcriptional repressors. By …

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The Emergence And Decline Of The Delaware Indian Nation In Western Pennsylvania And The Ohio Country, 1730--1795, Richard S. Grimes Jan 2005

The Emergence And Decline Of The Delaware Indian Nation In Western Pennsylvania And The Ohio Country, 1730--1795, Richard S. Grimes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Many past and current generations of historians, anthropologists, and literary writers have acknowledged the existence of a Delaware Indian nation. They, however, have failed to thoroughly understand or address the historical and cultural dynamics that contributed to both the formation and quick decline of this Indian nation. This multidisciplinary study includes the oral traditions and oratory of Delaware Indians, the observances of Moravian missionaries and colonial-revolutionary officials, and contemporary anthropological and historical sources, to construct the building of the Delaware nation during the eighteenth century.;Once decentralized and living in the Delaware River watershed, three phratries or animal tribes (Turtle, Turkey, …

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Role Of The Host Cell In The Type Iii Translocation Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Exoenzyme S, Elizabeth A. Rucks Jan 2005

Role Of The Host Cell In The Type Iii Translocation Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Exoenzyme S, Elizabeth A. Rucks

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Exoenzyme S (ExoS) is a bifunctional toxin that is directly translocated into eukaryotic cells by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) type III secretory (T3S) process. The N-terminal region of ExoS includes a GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity and the C-terminal region includes an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity. The T3S-translocation (T3S-T) of ExoS allows the bacteria to directly manipulate host cell function, thereby contributing the virulence of Pa. A cell culture model of infection was developed to study the effects of ExoS on cell function, which differentiates the effects of ExoS expression from other bacterial effects. Previous studies found that ExoS inactivates cell …

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Determination Of Rx Expression In The Adult Mouse Retina And Delineation Of The Rx Mediated Gene Regulation, Supriya A. Shah Jan 2005

Determination Of Rx Expression In The Adult Mouse Retina And Delineation Of The Rx Mediated Gene Regulation, Supriya A. Shah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Retinal homeobox gene, Rx, is expressed in the anterior neural plate and the optic vesicle shows Rx expression throughout development. Rx is required for the proliferation of retinal progenitor cells during eye development.;Our expression studies of the Rx gene in the adult mouse retina show Rx expression in the Photoreceptor and inner nuclear layer of the adult neural retina and ciliarybody. The cotransfection assays indicate that Rx supports the transcription of neural retinal markers, as well as the RPE-markers. Therefore we characterize Rx as a proliferation marker for the entire optic vesicle region.;To determine the mechanism of Rx-mediated regulation …

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Arachidonic Acid Inhibits The Insulin Induction Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Via P38 Map Kinase, Indrani Talukdar, Wioletta Szeszel-Fedorowicz, Lisa M. Salati Jan 2005

Arachidonic Acid Inhibits The Insulin Induction Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Via P38 Map Kinase, Indrani Talukdar, Wioletta Szeszel-Fedorowicz, Lisa M. Salati

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Protein Synthesis Required For Long-Term Memory Is Induced By Pkc Activation On Days Before Associative Learning, D. L. Alkon, H. Epstein, A. Kuzirian, M. C. Bennett, T. J. Nelson Jan 2005

Protein Synthesis Required For Long-Term Memory Is Induced By Pkc Activation On Days Before Associative Learning, D. L. Alkon, H. Epstein, A. Kuzirian, M. C. Bennett, T. J. Nelson

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Protein synthesis has long been known to be required for associative learning to consolidate into long-term memory. Here we demonstrate that PKC isozyme activation on days before training can induce the synthesis of proteins necessary and sufficient for subsequent long-term memory consolidation. Bryostatin (Bryo), a macrolide lactone with efficacy in subnanomolar concentrations and a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, is a potent activator of PKC, some of whose isozymes undergo prolonged activation after associative learning. Under normal conditions, two training events with paired visual and vestibular stimuli cause short-term memory of the mollusc Hermissenda that lasts ≈7 min. However, after …

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The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying 6-Hydroxydopamine And Ethanol-Induced Neurotoxicity, Gang Chen Jan 2005

The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying 6-Hydroxydopamine And Ethanol-Induced Neurotoxicity, Gang Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ethanol and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a Parkinson's disease (PD) mimetic, are two toxins to the cerebellum. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying their neurotoxicities. The work in chapter 2 of this thesis focused on 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration. Previous studies indicate that impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), commonly referred to as ER stress, is an important factor in the neuropathology of a wide variety of neurological disorders. This study demonstrated that 6-OHDA evoked ER-stress and led to apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line and cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Furthermore, GSK3beta played a crucial role in mediating 6-OHDA's neurotoxicity. …

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Osteotropic Cytokines Mediate Human Osteoblast-Like Cell Eicosanoid Production, Anurag Grover Jan 2005

Osteotropic Cytokines Mediate Human Osteoblast-Like Cell Eicosanoid Production, Anurag Grover

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

We have examined the effects of the cytokines tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF), transforming growth factorbeta (TGFbeta) and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen on prostaglandin and 15-HETE biosynthesis by normal adult human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells. In the present studies, conditioned media harvested from hOB cell cultures were assayed by eicosanoid specific EIAs to determine quantitatively the effects of cytokines on PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1alpha, PGF2alpha, PGD2, thromboxane (TXB2) and on 15-HETE biosynthesis. EIA analysis indicated that PGE2 was the predominant PG metabolite released by unstimulated hOB cells and its synthesis was increased more than other PGs in cells treated with (TGFbeta) and …

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Heat Shock Protein 70 As An Indicator Of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure And Oxidative Stress In The Serum Of Asymptomatic Shipyard Welders, Sung Gu Han Jan 2005

Heat Shock Protein 70 As An Indicator Of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure And Oxidative Stress In The Serum Of Asymptomatic Shipyard Welders, Sung Gu Han

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression has been reported to be a sensitive biomarker of cell stress. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and manganese (Mn) are widely used and exposure to these metals is associated with the development of pulmonary disease. Our data showed that exposure to these metals resulted in a significant increase in cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a human bronchial cell line, BEAS-2B. However, increased Hsp70 expression was observed only in cells exposed to As, Cd, and Hg. To correlate changes associated with Hsp70 overexpression, …

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Analysis Of Physiological Partners Of Protein Kinase Ck2 In Drosophila Melanogaster, Umesh C. Karandikar Jan 2005

Analysis Of Physiological Partners Of Protein Kinase Ck2 In Drosophila Melanogaster, Umesh C. Karandikar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

CK2 is a highly conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase composed of catalytic (alpha) and regulatory (beta) subunits. The enzyme targets proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, cell cycle progression, and development. However, very little information is available on either the regulation of this enzyme or its role during development. These two aspects of CK2 have been addressed using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism. The first study (chapter 2) addresses the isolation and characterization of SSL, an ortholog of CK2beta. Using combinatorial approaches, we find that SSL associates …

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