Digital Commons Network^™

Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Imidacloprid Within The Crown Of Eastern Hemlock, Richard M. Turcotte, Anthony Lagalante, Jonathan Jones, Frank Cook, Thomas Elliott, Anthony A. Billings, Yong-Lak Park

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Systemic imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide to control the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an exotic pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriére in the United States. This study was conducted to 1) determine the effect of treatment timing (spring vs. fall) and application method (trunk injection vs. soil injection) on the spatial and temporal distribution of imidacloprid within the crown of A. tsugae-free eastern hemlock using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 2) compare ELISA to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the detection of imidacloprid in xylem fluid, and 3) determine the concentration …

A Lin28 Homologue Reprograms Differentiated Cells To Stem Cells In The Moss Physcomitrella Patens, Chen Li, Yusuke Sako, Akihiro Imai, Tomoaki Niushiyama, Kari Thompson, Minoru Kubo, Yuji Hiwatashi, Yukiko Kabeya, Dale Karlson, Shu-Hsing Wu, Masaki Ishikawa, Takashi Murata, Philip N. Benfey, Yoshikatsu Sato, Yosuke Tamada, Mitsuyasu Hasebe

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Both land plants and metazoa have the capacity to reprogram differentiated cells to stem cells. Here we show that the moss Physcomitrella patens Cold-Shock Domain Protein 1 (PpCSP1) regulates reprogramming of differentiated leaf cells to chloronema apical stem cells and shares conserved domains with the induced pluripotent stem cell factor Lin28 in mammals. PpCSP1 accumulates in the reprogramming cells and is maintained throughout the reprogramming process and in the resultant stem cells. Expression of PpCSP1 is negatively regulated by its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). Removal of the 3′-UTR stabilizes PpCSP1 transcripts, results in accumulation of PpCSP1 protein and enhances reprogramming. A …

Interstitial Inorganic Phosphate As A Tumor Microenvironment Marker For Tumor Progression, Andrey A. Bobko, Timothy D. Eubank, Benoit Driesschaert, Ilirian Dhimitruka, Jason Evans, Rahman Mohammad, Elena E. Tchekneva, Mikhail M. Dikov, Valery V. Khramtsov

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Noninvasive in vivo assessment of chemical tumor microenvironment (TME) parameters such as oxygen (pO2), extracellular acidosis (pHe), and concentration of interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi) may provide unique insights into biological processes in solid tumors. In this work, we employ a recently developed multifunctional trityl paramagnetic probe and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique for in vivoconcurrent assessment of these TME parameters in various mouse models of cancer. While the data support the existence of hypoxic and acidic regions in TME, the most dramatic differences, about 2-fold higher concentrations in tumors vs. normal tissues, were observed for interstitial Pi …

Divergent Human Cortical Regions For Processing Distinct Acoustic-Semantic Categories Of Natural Sounds: Animal Action Sounds Vs. Vocalizations, Paula J. Webster, Laura M. Skipper-Kallal, Chris A. Frum, Hayley N. Still, B Douglas Ward, James W. Lewis

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A major gap in our understanding of natural sound processing is knowledge of where or how in a cortical hierarchy differential processing leads to categorical perception at a semantic level. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we sought to determine if and where cortical pathways in humans might diverge for processing action sounds vs. vocalizations as distinct acoustic-semantic categories of real-world sound when matched for duration and intensity. This was tested by using relatively less semantically complex natural sounds produced by non-conspecific animals rather than humans. Our results revealed a striking double-dissociation of activated networks bilaterally. This included a …

Inferring The Impact Of Regulatory Mechanisms That Underpin Cd8+ T Cell Control Of B16 Tumor Growth In Vivo Using Mechanistic Models And Simulation, Davis J. Klinke, Qing Wang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A major barrier for broadening the efficacy of immunotherapies for cancer is identifying key mechanisms that limit the efficacy of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Yet, identifying these mechanisms using human samples and mouse models for cancer remains a challenge. While interactions between cancer and the immune system are dynamic and non-linear, identifying the relative roles that biological components play in regulating anti-tumor immunity commonly relies on human intuition alone, which can be limited by cognitive biases. To assist natural intuition, modeling and simulation play an emerging role in identifying therapeutic mechanisms. To illustrate the approach, we developed a multi-scale mechanistic model …

Vascular Endothelial Over-Expression Of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (Tie2-Seh Tr) Attenuates Coronary Reactive Hyperemia In Mice: Role Of Oxylipins And Ω-Hydroxylases, Ahmad Hanif, Matthew L. Edin, Darryl C. Zeldin, Christophe Morisseau, John R. Falck, Mohammed A. Nayeem

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Cytochromes P450 metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) into two vasoactive oxylipins with opposing biologic effects: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and omega-(ω)-terminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). EETs have numerous beneficial physiological effects, including vasodilation and protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, whereas ω-terminal HETEs induce vasoconstriction and vascular dysfunction. We evaluated the effect of these oxylipins on post-ischemic vasodilation known as coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH). CRH prevents the potential harm associated with transient ischemia. The beneficial effects of EETs are reduced after their hydrolysis to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). ω-terminal HETEs are formed by ω-hydroxylase family members. The relationship among endothelial over-expression …

Topical Application Of The Anti-Microbial Chemical Triclosan Induces Immunomodulatory Responses Through The S100a8/A9-Tlr4 Pathway, Nikki B. Marshall, Ewa Lukomska, Ajay P. Nayak, Carrie M. Long, Justin M. Hettick, Stacey E. Anderson

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The anti-microbial compound triclosan is incorporated into numerous consumer products and is detectable in the urine of 75% of the general United States population. Recent epidemiological studies report positive associations with urinary triclosan levels and allergic disease. Although not sensitizing, earlier studies previously found that repeated topical application of triclosan augments the allergic response to ovalbumin (OVA) though a thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) pathway in mice. In the present study, early immunological effects following triclosan exposure were further evaluated following topical application in a murine model. These investigations revealed abundant expression of S100A8/A9, which reportedly acts as an endogenous ligand …

Evaluating The Utility Of Companion Animal Tick Surveillance Practices For Monitoring Spread And Occurrence Of Human Lyme Disease In West Virginia, 2014-2016, Brain Hendricks, Miguella Mark-Carew, Jamison Conley

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Domestic dogs and cats are potentially effective sentinel populations for monitoring occurrence and spread of Lyme disease. Few studies have evaluated the public health utility of sentinel programmes using geo-analytic approaches. Confirmed Lyme disease cases diagnosed by physicians and ticks submitted by veterinarians to the West Virginia State Health Department were obtained for 2014-2016. Ticks were identified to species, and only Ixodes scapularis were incorporated in the analysis. Separate ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial lag regression models were conducted to estimate the association between average numbers of Ix. scapularis collected on pets and human Lyme disease incidence. Regression residuals …

Biochemical Adaptations Of The Retina And Retinal Pigment Epithelium Support A Metabolic Ecosystem In The Vertebrate Eye, Mark A. Kanow, Michelle M. Giarmarco, Connor S R Jankowski, Kristine Tsantilas, Abbi L. Engel, Jianhai Du, Jonathan D. Linton, Christopher C. Farnsworth, Stephanie R. Sloat, Austin Rountree, Ian R. Sweet, Ken J. Lindsay, Edward D. Parker, Susan E. Brockerhoff, Martin Sadilek, Jennifer R. Chao, James B. Hurley

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Here we report multiple lines of evidence for a comprehensive model of energy metabolism in the vertebrate eye. Metabolic flux, locations of key enzymes, and our finding that glucose enters mouse and zebrafish retinas mostly through photoreceptors support a conceptually new model for retinal metabolism. In this model, glucose from the choroidal blood passes through the retinal pigment epithelium to the retina where photoreceptors convert it to lactate. Photoreceptors then export the lactate as fuel for the retinal pigment epithelium and for neighboring Mu ̈ ller glial cells. We used human retinal epithelial cells to show that lactate can suppress …

An Evaluation And Comparison Of Conservation Guidelines For An At-Risk Migratory Songbird, Darin J. Mcneil, Kyle R. Aldinger, Marja H. Bakermans, Justin A. Lehman, Anna C. Tisdale, John A. Jones, Petra B. Wood, David A. Buehler, Curtis G. Smalling, Lynn Siefferman, Jeffery L. Larkin

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

For at-risk wildlife species, it is important to consider conservation within the process of adaptive management. Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) are Neotropical migratory songbirds that are experiencing long-term population declines due in part to the loss of early-successional nesting habitat. Recently-developed Golden-winged Warbler habitat management guidelines are being implemented by USDA: Natural Resource Conservation Service (2014) and its partners through the Working Lands For Wildlife (WLFW) program. During 2012–2014, we studied the nesting ecology of Golden-winged Warblers in managed habitats of the eastern US that conformed to WLFW conservation practices. We evaluated five NRCS “management scenarios” with respect …

Identification Of Snps Associated With Muscle Yield And Quality Traits Using Allelic-Imbalance Analyses Of Pooled Rna-Seq Samples In Rainbow Trout, Rafet Al-Tobasei, Ali Ali, Timothy D. Leeds, Sixin Liu, Yniv Palti, Brett Kenney, Mohamed Salem

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Coding/functional SNPs change the biological function of a gene and, therefore, could serve as “large-effect” genetic markers. In this study, we used two bioinformatics pipelines, GATK and SAMtools, for discovering coding/functional SNPs with allelic-imbalances associated with total body weight, muscle yield, muscle fat content, shear force, and whiteness. Phenotypic data were collected for approximately 500 fish, representing 98 families (5 fish/family), from a growth-selected line, and the muscle transcriptome was sequenced from 22 families with divergent phenotypes (4 low- versus 4 high-ranked families per trait).

Results

GATK detected 59,112 putative SNPs; of these SNPs, 4798 showed allelic imbalances (>2.0 …

Protective Roles For Rgs2 In A Mouse Model Of House Dust Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation, Tresa George, Matthew Bell, Mainak Chakraborty, David P. Siderovski, Mark A. Giembycz, Robert Newton

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The GTPase-accelerating protein, regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) reduces signalling from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal via Gαq. In humans, RGS2 expression is up-regulated by inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) such that synergy is produced in combination. This may contribute to the superior clinical efficacy of ICS/LABA therapy in asthma relative to ICS alone. In a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced airways inflammation, three weeks of intranasal HDM (25 μg, 3×/week) reduced lung function and induced granulocytic airways inflammation. Compared to wild type animals, Rgs2-/- mice showed airways hyperresponsiveness (increased airways resistance and reduced …

Metered Cryospray™: A Novel Uniform, Controlled, And Consistent In Vivo Application Of Liquid Nitrogen Cryogenic Spray, Thomas I. Mulcahey, James E. Coad, Wei Li Fan, Daniel J. Grasso, Brian M. Hanley, Heather V. Hawkes, Sean A. Mcdermott, John P. O'Connor, Ellen E. Sheets, Charles J. Vadala

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Typically, wood-based composite materials have been developed through empirical studies. In these products, the constituent wood elements have broad spectrums regarding species, size, and anatomical orientation relative to their own dimensions. To define special strength and stiffness properties during a long-term study, two types of corrugated wood composite panels were developed for possible structural utilization. The constitutional elements of the newly developed products included Appalachian hardwood veneer residues (side clippings) and/or rejected low quality, sliced veneer sheets. The proposed primary usage of these veneer-based panels is in applications where the edgewise loading may cause buckling (e.g., web elements of I-joists, …

Cis P-Tau Is Induced In Clinical And Preclinical Brain Injury And Contributes To Post-Injury Sequelae, Onder Albayram, Asami Kondo, Rebekah Mannix, Colin Smith, Cheng-Yu Tsai, Chenyu Li, Megan K. Herbert, Jianhua Qiu, Michael Monuteaux, Jane Driver, Sandra Yan, William Gormley, Ava M. Puccio, David O. Okonkwo, Brandon Lucke-Wold, Julian Bailes, William Meehan, Mark Zeidel, Kun P. Lu, Xiao Z. Zhou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by acute neurological dysfunction and asso- ciated with the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer’s disease. We previously showed that cis phosphorylated tau (cis P-tau), but not the trans form, contributes to tau pathology and functional impairment in an animal model of severe TBI. Here we found that in human samples obtained post TBI due to a variety of causes, cis P-tau is induced in cortical axons and cerebrospinal fluid and positively correlates with axonal injury and clinical outcome. Using mouse models of severe or repetitive TBI, we showed that cis P-tau …

Temporal Changes In Sphingolipids And Systemic Insulin Sensitivity During The Transition From Gestation To Lactation, J. Eduardo Rico, Sina Saed Samii, Alice T. Mathews, Jacqueline Lovett, Norman J. Haughey, Joseph W. Mcfadden

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Reduced insulin action develops naturally during the peripartum to ensure maternal nutrient delivery to the fetus and neonate. However, increased insulin resistance can facilitate excessive lipolysis which in turn promotes metabolic disease in overweight dairy cattle. Increased fatty acid availability favors the accumulation of the sphingolipid ceramide and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, however, the relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin resistance during the peripartum remains largely unknown. Our objectives were to characterize temporal responses in plasma and tissue sphingolipids in lean and overweight peripartal cows and to establish the relationships between sphingolipid supply and lipolysis, hepatic …

Scholarship Of Teaching & Learning 2017 Directory, Cheryl E. Ball, Tracey Beckley, Megan Fahey, Hope Hart, Justin Hayhurst, Amy Kuhn, Carrie Lamanna, John Oughton, Marina Galvez Peralta, Demi Fuentes Ramirez, Lizzie Santiago, Lydia Welker

Open Access Textbooks

Welcome to the 2017 directory for the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) at West Virginia University! This inaugural SoTL directory began as a collaboration between the Teaching and Learning Commons and the Digital Publishing Institute.

We began the academic year defining the broad scope of research that we wanted faculty instructors to include under the heading of SoTL work--from peer-reviewed publications to presentations and poster sessions--anything that included thoughtful reflection on and research of teaching practices that was distributed to audiences in a formal way. We hope this inaugural directory introduces you to a few of the scholars on …

A ‘Model’ Model: Mccloskey And The Craft Of Economics, Joshua C. Hall

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

In this essay, I highlight some of the contributions of Deirdre McCloskey to the practice of economics as a teacher and scholar. I highlight her influence on my teaching and scholarship in the areas of economic education and economic freedom.

Apparent Sixth Sense In Theropod Evolution: The Making Of A Cretaceous Weathervane, Bruce M. Rothschild, Virginia Naples

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective

Two separate and distinctive skills are necessary to find prey: Detection of its presence and determination of its location. Surface microscopy of the dentary of albertosaurines revealed a previously undescribed sensory modification, as will be described here. While dentary “foramina” were previously thought to contain tactile sensory organs, the potential function of this theropod modification as a unique localizing system is explored in this study.

Method

Dentary surface perforations were examined by surface epi-illumination microscopy in tyrannosaurine and albertosaurine dinosaurs to characterize their anatomy. Fish lateral lines were examined as potentially comparable structures.

Result

In contrast to the subsurface …

College Students And Yik Yak: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study, Cathlin V. Clark-Gordon, Kimberly E. Workman, Darren L. Linvill

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This study, employing an exploratory mixed-methods approach, explores college students’ use of Yik Yak, a pseudo-anonymous social media platform that allows users to post short messages and engage primarily with other nearby users. Study 1 qualitatively examined student uses and perceptions of the app through 12 in-depth interviews with Yik Yak users. Study 2 conducted a content analysis of yaks (N = 3,905) from 24 colleges and universities to gain a better understanding of the content that students post and engage with inside the app. The combination of qualitative and quantitative findings offers insight into the complex phenomena of …

Animals In Space!, Courtney Wright

Cold War & Space Race

This is an extremely flexible project about the role of animals in space that you should adapt to fit your classroom’s needs. When I designed this lesson plan, I kept in mind different socioeconomic levels, and access to technology (or rather, lack thereof). I have attached my personal “daily” schedule for your use and guidance, but this project can be adaptable to any classroom without any set time restrictions. The point of this project is to allow students to learn how to research and present information. Additionally, it corresponds with the Hidden Figures nonfiction book because it requires students to …

The Dwight Lee Reader: Collected Columns From The Freeman, Dwight Lee, Joshua Hall, Zachary Rodriguez

Center for Free Enterprise

A collection of articles written by economist Dwight Lee for The Freeman from 1976-2013. The articles are organized into sections on Basic Economics, Markets and Morality, The Market as a Process, Constitutional Economics, Government and Markets, International Trade, Social Welfare, and Environmental Policy.

Cold War Activities, Maureen Miller, Hope Bragg, Christy Keefer

Integrated Math & Social Studies Lessons

These activities provide students with the background regarding the importance of the work being done by the women of West Computing. Students will develop a knowledge base of the events that occurred after World War II that led to the escalation of the Cold War. The lessons include short video clips that provide students with information in a media format that appeals to them. Through synthesizing the research completed by each student, the class will compile a timeline of Cold War Events. It was these events that lead to the urgency of the United States to win the war which …

Characteristics Of Successful Puma Kill Sites Of Elk In The Black Hills, South Dakota, Chadwick P. Lehman, Christopher T. Rota, Mark A. Rumble, Joshua J. Millspaugh

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Elk Cervus canadensis nelsoni in the Black Hills, South Dakota, have been declining since 2006 and there is concern by resource managers and hunters that puma Puma concolor predation may be contributing to declining herds. We evaluated characteristics at sites where puma successfully killed elk in the Black Hills of South Dakota. We evaluated characteristics at coarse (79-ha plots) and fine (0.2-ha plot) scales across the landscape. Our primary objective was to obtain a better understanding of vegetation and terrain characteristics that may have facilitated greater susceptibility of elk to predation by puma. We evaluated effects of road density, terrain …

Integrating Herbivore Population Dynamics Into A Global Land Biosphere Model: Plugging Animals Into The Earth System, Shree R.S. Dangal, Hanqin Tian, Chaoqun Lu, Wei Ren, Shufen Pan, Jia Yang, Nicola Di Cosmo, Amy Hessl

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Remedying Stigma-Driven Health Disparities In Sexual Minorities, Valarie K. Blake

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Re-Framing Biotechnology Regulation, Alison Peck

Law Faculty Scholarship

Biotechnology is about to spill the banks of federal regulation. New genetic engineering techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 promise revolutionary breakthroughs in medicine, agriculture, and public health-but those techniques would not be regulated under the terms of the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology. This revolutionary moment in biotechnology offers an opportunity to correct the flaws in the framework, which was hastily patched together at the advent of the technology. The framework has never captured all relevant technologies, has never satisfied the public that risk is being effectively managed, and has never been accessible to small companies and publicly-funded labs that increasingly …

2017 Symposium Brochure

Programs

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Skin And Seed Removal Of Tomato Fruits For The Home Canning Process On Texture And Nutritional Value, Emilie Sjostrom Burgess

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Tomatoes are consumed all over the world, but mainly after the tomatoes have undergone processing. Approximately three quarters of tomatoes consumed within the US are processed. A review of the scientific literature was conducted to investigate nutrient losses caused by the current tomato canning process. The bulk of tomatoes nutrients and health benefits are within the skin and seed components, and currently both are removed for home and commercial canning process. Studies showed that the current tomato canning protocol used by home canners and industries resulted in substantial nutrient loss due to removing the skin and the seeds before placing …

Challenges Perceived By Cooperating Teachers When Supervising Student Teachers In Agricultural Education, Samantha L. Cogle

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cooperating teachers face challenges when supervising student teachers. This study aimed to identify perceived challenges by secondary agricultural educators when supervising a student teacher from West Virginia University's Agricultural Education and Extension department. The cooperating teachers were asked to identify perceived challenges that their student teachers encountered along with the challenges they encountered as a cooperating teacher. The study also aimed to discover how significant the cooperating teachers felt those challenges were and how frequently they occurred with student teachers they had. Using a descriptive research modified Delphi study the population was able to list the challenges and express the …

"Home Sweet Away-From-Home?" Morgantown, West Virginia's Sunnyside Neighborhood As A Cultural Landscape, Pamela Yvonne Curtin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Sunnyside is a 130-acre neighborhood bordering West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia. Since the 1890s, it has been home to a variety of transient residents, including industrial workers, families, and individuals associated with the University. Beginning in the 1960s, Sunnyside transitioned into Morgantown's primary student neighborhood. Students took up residence in old two- and three-story frame houses broken into smaller units; often, these houses lacked necessary upkeep, failed code standards, and indicated the neighborhood's broader deteriorating conditions. Furthermore, student parties in Sunnyside grew increasingly intense and reflected negatively on West Virginia University, labeled in the 1970s as a "party …