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Americans’ Perspectives On E-Cigarettes, R. J. Blendon, J. M. Benson, Caitlin L. Mcmurtry, J. M. Sayde Oct 2015

Americans’ Perspectives On E-Cigarettes, R. J. Blendon, J. M. Benson, Caitlin L. Mcmurtry, J. M. Sayde

Brown School Faculty Publications

A new poll of adults in the United States by Stat and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health shows a majority of Americans believe electronic cigarettes, also called e-cigarettes, are harmful to the health of those who use them and an overwhelming majority favors basic regulations like warning labels and a minimum purchasing age.

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Smart Decarceration: Guiding Concepts For An Era Of Criminal Justice Transformation, Matthew W. Epperson, Carrie Pettus-Davis Sep 2015

Smart Decarceration: Guiding Concepts For An Era Of Criminal Justice Transformation, Matthew W. Epperson, Carrie Pettus-Davis

Center for Social Development Research

The era of mass incarceration, which made the United States the world’s leading jailer, appears to be coming to an end. What is likely to follow is an era of decarceration, aimed at reducing the incarcerated population. In this working paper, we discuss the problems associated with mass incarceration and the current climate that is likely to make decarceration a reality. We discuss the importance of developing a “smart decarceration” approach—one that is effective, sustainable, and socially just. We then articulate interrelated goals for the era of decarceration, and offer guiding concepts that will help to meet these goals through …

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The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Child Development Account Experiment: Accounts, Assets, Earnings, And Savings, Sondra G. Beverly, Margaret M. Clancy, Jin Huang, Michael Sherraden Sep 2015

The Seed For Oklahoma Kids Child Development Account Experiment: Accounts, Assets, Earnings, And Savings, Sondra G. Beverly, Margaret M. Clancy, Jin Huang, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

This brief presents the latest results from SEED for Oklahoma Kids, a pathbreaking randomized experiment to test the effects of automatic, universal, and progressive Child Development Accounts (CDAs) in a statewide sample. Key features of the CDA are automatic opening of a 529 account and an automatic initial $1,000 deposit. The results show that CDAs with automatic deposits invested in a 529 plan may enable children to accumulate meaningful levels of assets over time, even if their families do not contribute to the accounts. As the brief indicates, the new results also have key implications for public policy.

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Evicting Victims: Reforming St. Louis's Nuisance Ordinance For Survivors Of Domestic Violence, Nava Kantor, Molly W. Metzger Sep 2015

Evicting Victims: Reforming St. Louis's Nuisance Ordinance For Survivors Of Domestic Violence, Nava Kantor, Molly W. Metzger

Center for Social Development Research

Nuisance ordinances, established in municipalities nationwide to ostensibly protect the well-being of residents, threaten property owners with fines and jail time if they fail to abate a nuisance occurring on their property. Rather than promoting conflict resolution, such punitive consequences incentivize landlords to simply evict the tenants causing the nuisance. The enforcement of nuisance ordinances can have detrimental and disproportionate effects on already vulnerable populations, including tenants in domestic violence situations. The City of St. Louis employs a chronic nuisance ordinance, which is based in part on the number of police calls to a property. This ordinance can force survivors …

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Asset-Based Policy In Hong Kong: Child Development Fund, Li Zou, Simon Lai, Michael Sherraden Sep 2015

Asset-Based Policy In Hong Kong: Child Development Fund, Li Zou, Simon Lai, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

The government of Hong Kong launched the HK$300 million Child Development Fund (CDF) in November 2008 to “capitalize on the strengths of various sectors in the community to help our disadvantaged children,” according to then Hong Kong’s Secretary for Labor and Welfare, Mr. Matthew Cheung Kin-chung. The Hong Kong government drew upon the asset-building research and experience of the Center for Social Development (CSD) at Washington University in St. Louis. Michael Sherraden of CSD consulted for the Hong Kong Government’s Commission on Poverty that planned the CDF policy.

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Asset-Based Policy In China: Applied Projects And Policy Progress, Li Zou, Baorong Guo, Suo Deng, Jin Huang, Minchao Jin, Michael Sherraden Sep 2015

Asset-Based Policy In China: Applied Projects And Policy Progress, Li Zou, Baorong Guo, Suo Deng, Jin Huang, Minchao Jin, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Since the Center for Social Development (CSD) at Washington University in St. Louis introduced the idea of asset building in China in 2004, asset-based projects and policy discussion have drawn great attention from the central government and mainstream media. CSD research and consultation have played a central role in these developments.

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Housing And Child Well-Being, Kate Marcal, Patrick J. Fowler Sep 2015

Housing And Child Well-Being, Kate Marcal, Patrick J. Fowler

Center for Social Development Research

Safe and stable housing is essential to support healthy child development and promote strong families. Children thrive in secure, stimulating environments, but far too many are exposed to precarious or unsafe housing conditions that threaten their physical, emotional, and cognitive development. Nearly 40% of the homeless population is comprised of families with children, and many more experience inadequate housing conditions such as overcrowding, household chaos, frequent moves, and poor housing quality. This brief discusses the developmental consequences of housing instability and reviews available resources in homeless services, public housing services, and the child welfare system. It also identifies gaps in …

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The Management Imperative: Displacement, Dynamics, And Directions Forward For Training Social Workers As Managers, Barry Rosenberg, Amanda Moore Mcbride Sep 2015

The Management Imperative: Displacement, Dynamics, And Directions Forward For Training Social Workers As Managers, Barry Rosenberg, Amanda Moore Mcbride

Center for Social Development Research

Management’s place within social work has long been of concern. Social workers are being displaced as managers due to competition from other professions, poor regard for their skills as managers, declining student interest, and weak graduate training. This article examines the displacement, discussing its impact on organizational mission, values, and culture; social work’s future; graduates’ readiness to take on management tasks; and career and compensation advancement. These concerns motivated the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at Washington University in St. Louis to implement a requirement that master of social work students complete three credits of concentration-level management coursework. …

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Impacts Of Financial Inclusion On Youth Development: Findings From The Ghana Youthsave Experiment, Gina Chowa, Rainier Masa, David Ansong, Mat Despard, Shiyou Wu, Deborah Hughes, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Stephanie Afranie, Naa Adjorkor Mark-Sowah, Charles Ofori-Acquah, Yungsoo Lee, Lissa Johnson, Michael Sherraden Aug 2015

Impacts Of Financial Inclusion On Youth Development: Findings From The Ghana Youthsave Experiment, Gina Chowa, Rainier Masa, David Ansong, Mat Despard, Shiyou Wu, Deborah Hughes, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Stephanie Afranie, Naa Adjorkor Mark-Sowah, Charles Ofori-Acquah, Yungsoo Lee, Lissa Johnson, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

The Ghana YouthSave Experiment investigated whether and how youth savings accounts affect financial capability; psychosocial, education, and health outcomes; and economic well-being of Ghanaian youth and their households. The research rigor in the Ghana experiment is unprecedented in resource-limited countries; therefore, it offers an opportunity to posit causal relationships between savings and youth development. This endline report, which comes three years after the baseline report, describes the Ghana experiment and presents experimental findings of YouthSave. The key research questions this report aims to answer is whether the Ghana experiment improved (1) savings patterns and performance for low-income youth; (2) low-income …

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Strategic Directions For Global Research On Volunteering For Peace And Sustainable Development, Vera J. Seelig, Benjamin J. Lough Aug 2015

Strategic Directions For Global Research On Volunteering For Peace And Sustainable Development, Vera J. Seelig, Benjamin J. Lough

Center for Social Development Research

This workshop report is a co-creation of the United Nations Volunteers, the International Forum on Volunteering for International Development, and the Center for Social Development. It summarizes the workshop on strategic directions for global research for sustainable development that took place in Bonn, Germany, on July 6 through 7, 2015.

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Differential Response With Lower Risk And Foreign-Born Families: Understanding Risks, Services And Outcomes, Lina Millett Aug 2015

Differential Response With Lower Risk And Foreign-Born Families: Understanding Risks, Services And Outcomes, Lina Millett

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Child abuse and neglect is a serious public health problem, whose prevention efforts are much needed to avoid a number of serious and irrevocable negative consequences. Currently, the majority of early prevention approaches are community based with fairly strict eligibility criteria. Public child welfare system has yet to settle on a clear paradigm for early prevention. As many states are considering extending their services to reports screened out of Child Protective Services (CPS), there is a need to better understand the utilization and effectiveness of such early preventative services. Additionally, changing American cultural landscape has presented challenges to the field …

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Parent Involvement In Education And College Planning For African American High School Students, Jennifer Threlfall Aug 2015

Parent Involvement In Education And College Planning For African American High School Students, Jennifer Threlfall

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Parent involvement is critical for students’ success in high school and in accessing college, especially in low-income and minority families. However, many schools have failed to engage low-income African American parents, thereby contributing to a popular narrative of uninvolved and uninterested parents. Traditional models of parent involvement have favored a narrow range of activities undertaken by white and middle class families and do not account for the wider social and cultural context in which parenting occurs. The purpose of this qualitative study was therefore to investigate (1) caregiver and adolescent perceptions of parent involvement in education and college planning for …

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"Taking The Bank To The Youth:" Impacts On Saving And Asset Building From The Ghana Youthsave Experiment, Yungsoo Lee, Lissa Johnson, Michael Sherraden, David Ansong, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Gina Chowa Aug 2015

"Taking The Bank To The Youth:" Impacts On Saving And Asset Building From The Ghana Youthsave Experiment, Yungsoo Lee, Lissa Johnson, Michael Sherraden, David Ansong, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Gina Chowa

Center for Social Development Research

This working paper explores the experimental impact of in-school banking and financial marketing outreach on the savings performance of youth in schools across eight geographic regions in Ghana (i.e., “taking the bank to the youth”). The researchers found significant and sizable effects of the Ghana YouthSave experiment on savings performance. Youth in treatment schools performed better in terms of account opening, depositing, and savings than those in control schools. Between the two treatment conditions, in-school banking was more effective than marketing outreach in promoting account uptake and savings but the differences were marginally significant. Overall, the findings of the Ghana …

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Financial Capability And Asset Building In Social Work Education: “The Big Piece Missing?”, Margaret S. Sherraden, Julie Birkenmaier, Michael Rochelle, Gena G. Mcclendon Aug 2015

Financial Capability And Asset Building In Social Work Education: “The Big Piece Missing?”, Margaret S. Sherraden, Julie Birkenmaier, Michael Rochelle, Gena G. Mcclendon

Center for Social Development Research

Since the 1990s, social workers have renewed the profession’s early focus on improving the financial well-being of vulnerable families. Nonetheless, most social workers receive little training and education about how to help clients build stable and secure financial lives. This study uses in-depth interviews and pre- and post-surveys to examine the effects of a Financial Capability and Asset Building (FCAB) curriculum in six Minority Serving Institutions. In-depth interviews with 24 school administrators, FCAB instructors, and faculty colleagues suggest that faculty chose FCAB content based on course goals, content utility, and alignment with social work education standards. Furthermore, faculty reported gaining …

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Do Eitc Recipients Use Their Tax Refunds To Get Ahead? Evidence From The Refund To Savings Initiative, Mathieu R. Despard, Dana C. Parantie, Jane Oliphant, Michal Grinstein-Weiss Jul 2015

Do Eitc Recipients Use Their Tax Refunds To Get Ahead? Evidence From The Refund To Savings Initiative, Mathieu R. Despard, Dana C. Parantie, Jane Oliphant, Michal Grinstein-Weiss

Center for Social Development Research

Many U.S. households lack savings for unexpected expenses and financial shocks, but tax refunds and the Earned Income Tax Credit offer opportunities to set aside resources for use in emergencies. Understanding what EITC recipients do with their tax refunds is important for guiding federal policy to promote financial stability. This brief summarizes findings on the use of tax refunds by EITC recipients in the Refund to Savings (R2S) initiative. It also examines the use of financial services for saving refunds and the financial shocks experienced by EITC recipients during the 6 months after tax filing.

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Social And Emotional Learning And Social Work In Middle School: A Case Study In Community Partnership, Anne S. Robertson, Amanda Moore Mcbride, Saras Chung, Allison Williams, Victoria May Jul 2015

Social And Emotional Learning And Social Work In Middle School: A Case Study In Community Partnership, Anne S. Robertson, Amanda Moore Mcbride, Saras Chung, Allison Williams, Victoria May

Center for Social Development Research

Social and emotional learning is increasingly being recognized for its role in urban school reform despite current school improvement efforts focused on academic outcomes. This paper presents a case study in community partnership between a middle school, a community-based organization, and a research university, to implement a social and emotional program in seventh grade social studies. Highlighted is the importance of trust and communication among all partners—including administrators, researchers, front-line staff, teachers, and students. It also suggests a framework to expand school partnerships to include schools of social work, especially when the focus is on social and emotional learning.

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Adopting A Financial Capability And Asset Building Curriculum At Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Michael Rochelle, Gena Mcclendon, Melody Brackett, Michael Wright, Margaret Sherraden Jul 2015

Adopting A Financial Capability And Asset Building Curriculum At Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Michael Rochelle, Gena Mcclendon, Melody Brackett, Michael Wright, Margaret Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Social workers currently engage in financial capability practice with low-income and financially vulnerable individuals and families in diverse practice settings but typically lack professional preparation for this work. In response, several schools of social work have begun developing curriculum. Using an in-depth interview methodology, this study explores the experiences of faculty and administrators (N=19) at four Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) that adopted a curriculum in financial capability and asset building. Findings show that key reasons for adopting are the relevance of the content to student and community needs, faculty interest, and alignment with program, institutional, and professional goals. …

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Working With Passion, Effecting Change In A Context Of Uncertainty, Sandra M. Moore Jun 2015

Working With Passion, Effecting Change In A Context Of Uncertainty, Sandra M. Moore

Center for Social Development Research

This CSD Perspective has been adapted from a commencement address given by Sandra M. Moore on May 14, 2015, before the Brown School of Social Work at Washington University.

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Youth Savings Patterns And Performance In Ghana: A Supplementary Report, Lissa Johnson, Yungsoo Lee, David Ansong, Gina Chowa, Michael Sherraden, Isaac Osei-Akoto Jun 2015

Youth Savings Patterns And Performance In Ghana: A Supplementary Report, Lissa Johnson, Yungsoo Lee, David Ansong, Gina Chowa, Michael Sherraden, Isaac Osei-Akoto

Center for Social Development Research

This report provides findings on youth savings patterns and performance of youth who opened formal savings accounts through Ghana’s HFC Bank. This report supplements a larger study on youth savings patterns and performance in Ghana, Kenya, Nepal, and Colombia through the YouthSave project.

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Environment And Social Development, Lisa Reyes Mason Jun 2015

Environment And Social Development, Lisa Reyes Mason

Center for Social Development Research

Global environmental changes—such as pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss, and freshwater decline—affect people worldwide, with impacts that are not just physical, but also social and economic. Consequences range from minor inconvenience to injury and death, and can include food and water insecurity, mental distress, family separation, income disruption, and asset depletion. a social justice issue, environmental change has consequences that are typically worse for some groups than others. The Environment and Social Development initiative examines social vulnerability and strategies for social action and adaptation to environmental change. We emphasize social action that leads to reductions in negative environmental problems and …

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The Right To Stay Put: City Garden Montessori School And Neighborhood Change, Janine Bologna, Nava Kantor, Yunqing Liu, Samuel Taylor Jun 2015

The Right To Stay Put: City Garden Montessori School And Neighborhood Change, Janine Bologna, Nava Kantor, Yunqing Liu, Samuel Taylor

Center for Social Development Research

This report presents findings from the Listening Project. A collaboration among St. Louis’ Forest Park Southeast Neighborhood Association, the Brown School of Social Work, and the Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts at Washington University, the project engaged underrepresented voices in the Forest Park Southeast, Botanical Heights, Tiffany, and Shaw neighborhoods neighborhood to identify priorities for community improvement.

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Voices Of Youth, Parents, And Stakeholders: Findings From Case Studies In The Youthsave Project, Li Zou, Sarah Myers Tlapek, Margaret S. Sherraden, John W. Gabbert, Amy Ritterbusch, Ernest Appiah, Dorcas Opai-Tetteh, Githinji Njenga, Joseph Kieyah, Sharad K. Sharma, Jyoti Manandhar, Manik Maharjan Jun 2015

Voices Of Youth, Parents, And Stakeholders: Findings From Case Studies In The Youthsave Project, Li Zou, Sarah Myers Tlapek, Margaret S. Sherraden, John W. Gabbert, Amy Ritterbusch, Ernest Appiah, Dorcas Opai-Tetteh, Githinji Njenga, Joseph Kieyah, Sharad K. Sharma, Jyoti Manandhar, Manik Maharjan

Center for Social Development Research

Voices of Youth, Parents, and Stakeholders: Findings From Case Studies in the YouthSave Project

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Engineering A New Home: Creating A Repository Collection For Faculty, Emily Symonds Stenberg, Lauren Todd Jun 2015

Engineering A New Home: Creating A Repository Collection For Faculty, Emily Symonds Stenberg, Lauren Todd

WashU Libraries Presentations

Open Scholarship provides access to the scholarly output of faculty, staff, and students from Washington University in St. Louis by gathering it in one place. On May 9, 2011, the Faculty Senate passed the Open Access Resolution in order to make "scholarship and creative works freely and easily available to the world community." The Open Scholarship site was officially launched on March 26, 2012 as a platform for realizing this goal. Powered by bepress's Digital Commons, and supported by the Libraries’ Digital Library Services, Open Scholarship is a further step in the University's commitment to open access. However, populating the …

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Impact Of Stranger Violence And Intimate Partner Violence On The Grades Of American Indian/Alaska Native Undergraduate College Students, David A. Patterson-Silver Wolf, Jacob Perkins, Carol Van Zile-Tamsen Jun 2015

Impact Of Stranger Violence And Intimate Partner Violence On The Grades Of American Indian/Alaska Native Undergraduate College Students, David A. Patterson-Silver Wolf, Jacob Perkins, Carol Van Zile-Tamsen

Center for Social Development Research

Stranger and intimate partner violence are pervasive public health problems that have a range of negative effects, with exceptionally high prevalence among ethno–racial minority youth. This study assesses the prevalence of these types of violence among American Indian/Alaska (AI/AN) students and examines the impact of victimization on academic performance AI/AN and non-AI/AN student populations using self-reported college health survey data. Results found that students who identified fully or partially as AI/AN reported markedly higher rates of all types of violence/abuse than did other students, and students who had experienced violence/abuse had lower GPAs those who had not. The interaction effect …

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Head Start Family Financial Capability: 2013–2014 Annual Report Of The Asset Project, Jami Curley, Anne S. Robertson May 2015

Head Start Family Financial Capability: 2013–2014 Annual Report Of The Asset Project, Jami Curley, Anne S. Robertson

Center for Social Development Research

Head Start Family Financial Capability: 2013–2014 Annual Report of the Asset Project

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Effects Of An Interdisciplinary Gerontology Course On First-Year Undergraduate Students, Christine Caroline Merz May 2015

Effects Of An Interdisciplinary Gerontology Course On First-Year Undergraduate Students, Christine Caroline Merz

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated the impact of an interdisciplinary course on aging designed to improve attitudes toward older adults and aging, and generate interest in aging-related careers. Main outcomes included knowledge of older adults and aging, attitudes toward older adults and aging, and anxiety about personal aging. Participants included first-year undergraduate students enrolled in the course (curricular intervention group) and first-year undergraduate students not enrolled in the course (control group). Data were collected at the beginning and end of one semester. At the end of the semester curricular intervention students had increased in their knowledge about aging and showed more positive …

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Labor Force Participation And Crime Among Serious And Violent Former Prisoners, Nora Ellen Wikoff May 2015

Labor Force Participation And Crime Among Serious And Violent Former Prisoners, Nora Ellen Wikoff

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This project examines the relationship between work and crime among male former prisoners. Criminological theories and observational studies suggest that work reduces crime, but recent studies cast doubt on the ability of employment programs to reduce recidivism among former prisoners. Ongoing weak evaluations may imperil support for employment-focused rehabilitative programming. Using data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (n = 1,575), this study examines whether selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity contribute to weak evaluation findings.First, this study tests whether unobserved heterogeneity contributes to jobs programs' weak treatment effects. It uses group-based trajectory modeling and propensity score methods to …

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Art And..., Dayna J. Kriz May 2015

Art And..., Dayna J. Kriz

Graduate School of Art Theses

Almost anything goes in this time of contemporary artistic production as long as an artist can ‘back’ their ideas and the position they operate from. This expanding territory of production and engagement is an exciting potential for working artists, providing freedom to self-determine ones modus operandi within an expanding support system to engage the world with. While this is an exciting growth it is also potentially dangerous. The un-named and historically ambiguous position that Art1 operates from has created a rootless position to the production of culture. This rootlessness or, universal position has historically established itself as the gatekeeper and …

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Rural Primary Health Care Providers' Response To Intimate Partner Violence And Survivors' Perceptions Of Helpfulness, Annah Bender May 2015

Rural Primary Health Care Providers' Response To Intimate Partner Violence And Survivors' Perceptions Of Helpfulness, Annah Bender

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects the health and mental health of many women in the United States, with some estimates projecting that one in three women will experience physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse from a current or former partner during their lifetimes (National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey [NISVS], 2011). The problems many survivors of IPV face as they attempt to secure help and establish a life free from violence are numerous and include housing, legal, employment, medical, and other domains. Such problems are frequently compounded for survivors residing in rural areas of the U.S., where access to social …

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Saving By Lumbee Indians: Toward A Theory Of Financial Practices From Yesterday And Today, Amy Locklear Hertel May 2015

Saving By Lumbee Indians: Toward A Theory Of Financial Practices From Yesterday And Today, Amy Locklear Hertel

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is designed to gain insight into the motivations, values, practices, and norms of saving in American Indian tribal communities, specifically the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. How Lumbee adults living in the community save financial resources, what they are saving for, and how those resources are spent are examined. Further, intergenerational messages on this topic are investigated. The main research question is what explains saving and building financial assets by Lumbee Indians? The aim is to identify common experiences in American Indian households that can inform a grounded theory of saving for this population.Grounded theory is used to …

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