Digital Commons Network^™

The Reduced Background Calibration Facility 2 For Infrared Detectors, Cameras And Sources, C. Monte, M. Reiniger, A. Adibekyan, C. Baltruschat, J. Bories, J. Gieseler, B. Gutschwager, R. Hafner, I. Muller, J. Hollandt

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) designed a new calibration facility, the Reduced Background Calibration Facility 2 (RBCF2) and brought it recently into operation. It provides traceable calibrations of air born and space based infrared remote sensing experiments in terms of radiance temperature and spectral radiance. Traceable measurements from space require the use of calibrated stable detector systems and/or source-based calibration standards on board of the instrumentation. In any case they should be calibrated under space like conditions to ensure traceability with the smallest possible uncertainty. The RBCF2 enables therefore the calibration of radiators and detectors and cameras under cryogenic and/or vacuum …

The Star-Cc-Ogse System For Pre-Flight Sensor Calibration, Paul Green, Chris Baker, Sean Devlin, William Kingett, Nigel Fox

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Reliable characterisation and radiometric calibration of satellite sensors are critical to their optimal performance on-orbit. Only through a robust understanding of the instrument behaviour, performance and degradation mechanisms will the significant effort and expense invested into the flight hardware be fully exploited. The uses of satellite sensor data, with their increased use in long-term environmental monitoring and climate studies mean that the performance and data quality provided by a single sensor can no longer be considered in isolation but needs to be considered as a part of the international Earth Observation (EO) infrastructure and referenced to common standard, the SI. …

In-Person Prehealth Advising: Impact Analysis Spring 2017 To Fall 2020, Alasdair Ekpenyong, Mykel Beorchia

Publications

At Utah State University, some of the advising department’s efforts specifically focus on preparing students for study in health professions graduate school. Students considering a career in the health sciences meet with an advisor who has been trained on the nuances of preparing for health professions graduate school.

This report explored the association between in-person prehealth advising participation and student persistence to the next term.

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Utah Women And Work: Health Impacts, Marin Christensen, Susan R. Madsen, Jenna Dyckman, Dianne Mcadams-Jones

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–21 has affected workers across the globe, and women in the workforce have been disproportionately impacted, including those who live in Utah. The pandemic affected every aspect of life, especially physical and mental health. While the fatality rate has been higher for men, the pandemic impacted women’s mental health at a higher rate with more women being laid off or furloughed in certain industries (e.g., retail, food services, hospitality), experiencing increased workloads in other sectors (e.g., healthcare, education), absorbing greater unpaid caregiving responsibilities from homeschooling and childcare disruptions, and reporting elevated instances of domestic violence. These …

What Mayors Can Do To Strengthen The Impact Of Utah Girls And Women, Susan R. Madsen, Staci Liljegren

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

This idea sheet is based on input from 20 former and current mayors representing a variety of cities and towns across Utah. Discussions in the spring of 2021 focused on a myriad of ways mayors can increase the impact of Utah girls and women. For example, mayors discussed the importance of mentorship starting at a young age and continuing into adulthood, as well as building strong networks and relationships. They also discussed the need to champion more inclusive and family-friendly policies and programs. Participants recommended community outreach strategies and ways to support women leading in their community. These mayors insisted …

Redefining The Age Of The Lower Colorado River, Southwestern United States: Forum Reply, R. S. Crow, J. Schwing, K. E. Karlstrom, M. Heizler, P. A. Pearthree, P. K. House, S. Dulin, Susanne U. Jänecke, M. Stelten, L. J. Crossey

Geosciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Interpreting Covid-19 Deaths Among Nursing Home Residents In The Us: The Changing Role Of Facility Quality Over Time, Debasree Das Gupta, Uma Kelekar, Sidney C. Turner, Anupam A. Sule, Taya G. Jerman

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

A report published last year by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) highlighted that COVID-19 case counts are more likely to be high in lower quality nursing homes than in higher quality ones. Since then, multiple studies have examined this association with a handful also exploring the role of facility quality in explaining resident deaths from the virus. Despite this wide interest, no previous study has investigated how the relation between quality and COVID-19 mortality among nursing home residents may have changed, if at all, over the progression of the pandemic. This understanding is indeed lacking given that …

Oversimplification Of The Relationship Between Ultrasound And Skinfold Measurements Of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness, Dale R. Wagner

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

In the March 2021 issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, two separate studies (1,2) from different research laboratories both used ultrasound to estimate body fat percentage (%BF). Both Chandler et al. (1) and Tinsley et al. (2) reported using a modification of the Jackson–Pollock (3) seven-site skinfold formula to convert their ultrasound fat thicknesses into estimates of body density and subsequently converted body density to %BF with the Siri (4) formula. Close inspection of their methods reveals that the only “modification” to the Jackson–Pollock equation was a doubling of the ultrasound fat thicknesses. Tinsley et al. …

Accuracy: Adaptive Calibration Of Cubesatradiometer Constellations, John Bradburn, Mustafa Aksoy, Henry Ashley

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Recent technological advancements enable the cost-effective deployment of constellations of CubeSats. Constellations of radiometer equipped CubeSats have great potential for use in scientific missions for remote sensing objectives including weather tracking and storm imaging, climate change measurement, and atmospheric science, to name a few. While CubeSats provide a solution to challenges in cost, weight, and power, there exist drawbacks which make radiometer calibration more difficult, specifically due to increased sensitivity of the instrument to ambient conditions, resulting from the lack of an adequate thermal control system. To address this problem, a novel, constellation-level calibration framework is being developed called “Adaptive …

Evaluating Radiometry Within A Heterogenous Satellite Fleet, Michael Medford

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Planet currently operates a constellation of hundreds of satellites that collect multiple images of the Earth each day, constructing an historic daily catalog of the Earth’s surface taken over the past four years containing millions of images. Innovations in satellite and camera design over the past few years have resulted in a constellation containing several generations of instruments that require relative and absolute radiometric calibration to produce a seamless imaging product. We use the moon as a natural stable reference unencumbered by atmospheric effects present while nadir imaging and have amassed a database of over nine millions images of the …

Radiometric Calibration Of Aerocube 15 (Rogue-Alpha/Beta), Jon Mauerhan, Dee Pack, John Santiago, Brian Hardy, Paul Zittel

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

We report on the ground and on-orbit radiometric calibration of the SWIR sensors on the Rogue Alpha/Beta CubeSats. Also known as AeroCube 15 A and B, this rapid prototype constellation comprised of two 30x10x10-cm CubeSats flying commercially available InGaAs cameras, was boosted into low Earth orbit on 14 January 2020. The sensor optics are outfitted with a narrowband filter centered within the atmospheric H2O overtone absorption band near 1.4 microns. Pre-flight calibration activities in the lab at the Aerospace Corporation included characterization of sensor linearity and pixel-to-pixel uniformity through the filtered optical system, and radiometric response was derived using measurements …

Improving The Radiometric Calibration Of The Heterogeneous Planet Dove Fleet, Alan Collison, Arin Jumpasut

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Planet currently operates a constellation of over a hundred satellites that collect a current image of the Earth each day. These satellites were launched over several years and cover several evolutions in design. This presentation will describe the process of updating the calibration of all the Planet Dove satellites using the archive of data in preparation for a new product release to customers in the summer of 2021. The on-orbit calibration methodology will be described combining simultaneous crossovers and lunar observations as well as results using the updated calibration. Research of per-scene harmonisation with a Sentinel-2 reference will also be …

Radiometric Calibration Of Skysats Using Near-Simultaneous Crossovers With Sentinel-2 Over Calibration Sites, Hannah Bourne, Arin Jumpasut, Alan Collison

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Planet Labs currently operates a fleet of 21 high resolution Earth observation satellites known as SkySats. These sub-meter resolution satellites have high intra-day revisit rate capabilities, can image scenes in a range of viewing angles, create 3D scene composites and take videos even in regions traditionally difficult to observe due to low satellite capacity. The radiometric calibration of other satellite models within Planet’s fleet (Dove Classic, Dove R and SuperDove) is currently achieved using simultaneous crossovers with Sentinel-2. Radiometric calibration of SkySat imagery using Sentinel-2 poses unique challenges as it has relatively wide spectral bands and frequently takes images off-nadir. …

Sharc Mission Operations, Spectro-Radiometric Calibration And Data Analysis, Gordon Scriven, Carey Scott, Jesse Hayes, Jeff Defelice, John Breen, Chelsea Brown, Jennifer Inman, Robert Conn, Chris Johnston, Dinesh Prabhu

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The SCIFLI Hayabusa2 Airborne Reentry Observation Campaign (SHARC) resulted in the acquisition of spectral data from a reentering capsule-type spacecraft and results are presented here. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the Hayabusa2 probe in 2014 to collect samples from a C-type near-earth asteroid and return them to Earth. The Hayabusa2 sample return capsule (SRC) reentered the Earth’s atmosphere over Australia on 05 December 2020. The NASA Scientifically Calibrated In-FLight Imagery (SCIFLI) team equipped two aircraft with multiple sensors and 4-axis gimbal tracking systems to collect spectral data, aircraft positions, and sensor pointing information during the reentry. Data was …

Characterizing Inter-Sensor Calibration Radiometric Biases Between Snpp And Noaa-20 Omps Nadir Profiler (Np) Sensor Data Records By Using Hybrid Methodologies, Banghua Yan, Chunhui Pan, Ding Liang, Jingfeng Huang, Junye Chen, Trevor Beck, Steven Buckner, Xin Jin, Xiaozhen Xiong

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Profiler (NP), onboard both the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite and the Joint Polar Satellite System NOAA-20 satellite, is an ultraviolet-visible imaging spectrometer that measures Earth’s albedo by registering terrestrial events to Earth image and extraterrestrial events to Solar spectral images. The NP operates from wavelengths of 250 to 310 nm to profile ozone observations in Earth’s stratosphere. Through years of intensive post-launch calibrations and validations, the Sensor Data Record (SDR) data from both SNPP and NOAA-20 NP sensors demonstrate good performance, meeting the SDR specifications (e.g., Pan et al., 2017). …

Sentinel-2/Msi And Landsat8/Oli Radiometry Intercomparison Using Radcalnet Dataset And Dimitri-Toolbox, B. Alhammoud, C. Mackenzie, S. Clerc, C. Quang, B. Berthelot, R. Q. Iannone, V. Boccia, M. Bouvet

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Radiometric Calibration Network (RadCalNet) has been established by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) Infrared and Visible Optical Sensors Subgroup (IVOS) in 2013 and is open to public since July 2018. The RadCalNet consists of four international test sites providing automated in situ measurements and estimates of propagated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance (Bouvet et al. 2019).

This work based on the work of Alhammoud et al. (2019) for the Sentinel-2/MSI validation; and on the work of Jing et al. (2019) to correct the directional effect. In this study we extend Alhammoud et …

The Radiometric Scaling And Stability Assessment Of The Modis And Viirs Imagers To A Common Reference For The Next Edition Of Ceres Products, David Doelling, Conor Haney, Rajendra Bhatt, Benjamin Scarino, Arun Gopalan

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The NASA CERES project has provided the climate quality observed TOA and computed surface fluxes to the scientific community. CERES uses MODIS and VIIRS imagers to retrieve cloud properties needed to convert Terra, Aqua, NPP, and NOAA-20 CERES footprint radiance observations into fluxes. The imagers are also used to radiometrically scale the geostationary sensors (GEO) radiances to the imager calibration reference to ensure that the GEO derived cloud properties and broadband TOA fluxes are consistent in both space and time. Both the imager and GEO retrieved cloud properties are used to compute the surface fluxes. The CERES imager and GEO …

Preparation Of The Calibration Baseline For Sentinel-2 Collection 1, Bahjat Alhammoud, Bruno Lafrance, Carine Quang, Sebastien Clerc, Jerome Louis, Bringfried Pflug, Valentina Boccia

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Sentinel-2 mission observes the Earth in 13 spectral bands in the visible and SWIR with a repeat cycle of 5 days for each satellite unit A and B. A complete reprocessing of the Sentinel-2 archive to generate the "Collection-1" is currently under preparation. In this presentation we describe the activities performed by the Sentinel-2 Mission Performance Center to prepare the calibration baseline for Collection-1. The preparation activities involve a correction of some minor errors in the definition of the spectral response function at the beginning of the mission. A more significant change concerns the possible harmonization between the two …

Plagiarism And Citing Sources - Ama, Niki Fullmer

All E-Learning Resources

Attention: As of 2026 updated versions of this item will no longer be available on Digital Commons. Please contact [email protected] for more information.

This module will provide rules and examples for citing sources in AMA citation style.

Nonuniform Calibration Artifacts In Oco-2 & Oco-3, Robert Rosenberg, Lars Chapsky, David Crisp, Jonathan Hobbs, Graziela Keller, Richard Lee, Yuliya Marchetti, Gary Spiers, Annmarie Eldering, Stephen Maxwell

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -2 and -3 instruments have been measuring reflected sunlight in the near infrared from low Earth orbit since 2014 and 2019 respectively. A three-channel spectrometer with common entrance optics measures narrow spectral bands centered at 765 nm for oxygen and 1608 and 2065 nm for carbon dioxide. To achieve spectral resolving power exceeding 18000:1, a diffraction grating disperses each spectrum over 1016 columns of the focal plane array. In the spatial dimension, 160 central rows are averaged into eight footprints. For accurate and precise retrievals of carbon dioxide concentration, the calibration process needs to correct for …

Reflective Engineered Diffusers For The Roman Space Telescope Simplified Relative Calibration System, Eric Frater, Benjamin Cromey, Timothy Finch, Ray Wright, Thomas Delker

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Wide Field Instrument (WFI) on NASA’s Roman Space Telescope (RST) has an on-board calibrator called the simplified Relative Calibration System (sRCS). The sRCS is designed to project flat-field calibration light onto the WFI focal plane in two modes of operation. One mode illuminates a quasi-Lambertian diffuser that blocks the full aperture of the telescope, and the other mode uses a small reflective engineered diffuser that sits behind each filter’s aperture mask in the WFI element wheel assembly (EWA). The second mode, called “Lamp On Lamp Off” (LOLO), uses these metallic-coated engineered diffusers to illuminate the focal plane concurrently with …

Transfer Of Reflectance-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration Of Ge01, Wv02 And Wv03 To Wv04 Using The Libya-4 Pseudo Invariant Calibration Site In An Empirical Top-Of-Atmosphere Reflectance Model, Michele A. Kuester, Tina Ochoa, Jared Jordan, Jeffrey Minor

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

An empirical model of expected top-of-atmosphere reflectances over the Libya-4 pseudo invariant calibration site is developed by using archived Maxar imagery taken over the site between 2014 and 2021 for absolute radiometric calibration of VNIR and SWIR Earth observing sensors. For this model 212 WorldView-3 VNIR, 211 WorldView-3 SWIR, 252 WorldView-2, and 113 GeoEye-1 images were used. The images are calibrated using results from reflectance-based vicarious calibration efforts over specialized tarps at Maxar’s Ft. Lupton calibration facility. The sensor multispectral data are then transformed to hyperspectral data with the aid of NASA EO-1 Hyperion imagery over the same site and …

Flare Satellite/Airborne Calibration Network Performance & Validation Progress Report, Brandon Russell, Jeff Holt, Chris Durell, David Conran, Stephen Schiller

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The amount of electro-optical airborne and satellite data available today is expanding exponentially, but its inherent optical performance and signal quality is not matching pace. Better data is needed, not just more data. If “data is the new oil”, then a new tool is needed to determine where to “drill and extract” the highest and largest quantity of insights possible. Enhancing the quality of the data demands a new automated system of lower cost, practical, reliable, and high-frequency system calibration to ensure that each acquired image can be processed quickly and efficiently.

The FLARE Network is that new tool for …

Measurements Of Absolute, Si Traceable Lunar Irradiance With The Airborne Lunar Spectral Irradiance (Air Lusi) Instrument, John T. Woodward, Steven W. Brown, Steve Grantham, Thomas C. Larason, Stephen E. Maxwell, Kevin Turpie, S. Andrew Gadsden, Andrew Newton, Thomas C. Stone

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Moon is a very useful calibration target for Earth-observing sensors in orbit because its surface is radiometrically stable and it has a radiant flux comparable to Earth scenes. To predict the lunar irradiance given an illumination and viewing geometry, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) Model of exo-atmospheric lunar spectral irradiance. The USGS ROLO model represents the current most precise knowledge of lunar spectral irradiance and is used frequently as a relative calibration standard by space-borne Earth-observing sensors. However, its accuracy as an absolute reference may be limited to several percent and …

Evaluation Of Air-Lusi Measurements To Advance Lunar Modeling And The Rolo Lunar Calibration Reference, Thomas C. Stone, Kevin Turpie, Steven Brown, Stephen Maxwell, John Woodward

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The airborne Lunar Spectral Irradiance (air-LUSI) project is dedicated to acquiring high-accuracy, spectrally resolved measurements of the Moon from the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft, flying above more than 90% of Earth's atmosphere. The air-LUSI instrument is a non-imaging system designed specifically for measuring spectral irradiance of the Moon at wavelengths from ~350 nm to 1100 nm. The project aims to achieve absolute measurement uncertainty approaching 0.5% (k=1) with traceability to NIST radiometric standards and SI. These measurements can advance lunar calibration by constraining absolute scale of models that constitute the lunar radiometric reference, such as the USGS ROLO model.

A …

Advances In The Slim Lunar Spectral Irradiance Model; Many Observations, One Moon, Hugh Kieffer

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Work on the Spacecraft and Earth-based Lunar Irradiance Model (SLIM) system has concentrated on the SLIMED model (pronounced as if you lost weight), which uses a weighted least-squares fit to many instrument data sets and is continuous in all dimensions. Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and Solar Spectral Irradiance (SSI) variations are now included. A libration correction to the observations based on integration of reflectance maps made by Lunar orbiters can be included. Current fits involve 2 observatory sets (ROLO and NIST:Cramer) and 8 LEO instruments (SeaWiFS, L8-OLI, Hyperion, Terra and Aqua MODIS, SNPP-VIIRS, PLEIADES A and B) for a total …

Arcstone: Calibration Of Lunar Spectral Reflectance From Space, Constantine Lukashin, G. Kopp, T. Jackson, R. Swanson, N. Abraham, E. Minda, C. Buleri, J. Carvo, M. Cooney, H. Courrier, S. Cousin, W. Davis, A. Halterman, M. Kehoe, T. Nguyen, R. Ledesma, N. Ryan, P. Smith, M. Stebbins, C. Young, T. Stone

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Detecting and improving the scientific understanding of global trends in complex Earth systems, such as climate, increasingly depend on assimilating datasets from multiple instruments and platforms over decadal timescales. Calibration accuracy, stability, and inter-consistency among different instruments are key to developing reliable composite data records from sensors in low Earth and geostationary orbits, however, achieving sufficiently low uncertainties for these performance metrics poses a significant challenge. Space-borne instruments commonly carry on-board references for calibration at various wavelengths, but these increase mass and mission complexity and are subject to degradation in the space environment. The Moon can be considered a natural …

Characterization For Ir And Microwave Instruments With Solar System Objects, Martin Burgdorf, S. A. Buehler, V. John

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Serendipitous observations of our Moon or planets of the inner solar system provide a unique means to the characterization of the (quasi-)optical properties of instruments on meteorological research satellites in flight, because their diameters are much smaller than the size of a pixel or the field of view. We investigated how beamwidth, channel co-registration, and pointing accuracy can be determined with such observations. For this we identified and analysed intrusions of the Moon in the deep space views of AMSU-B (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit - B) and MHS (Microwave Humidity Sounder) on various satellites in polar orbits and as well …

Current Challenges In The Remote Sounding Of The Earth, Chris Barnet

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

This workshop will focus on the topic of remote sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere using modern space-borne hyperspectral infrared (e.g., AIRS, IASI, CrIS) and microwave (e.g., AMSU, MHS, ATMS) instruments to extract information about the Earth’s atmosphere. This workshop will have three major sections. The first section will be a conceptual introduction to the mathematical methods of sounding, that is, radiative transfer and inversion (a.k.a. retrieval) of observations. The 2^nd section will highlight the NOAA-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) and the Community Long-term Infrared Microwave Coupled Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) to illustrate the value and limitations of modern …

The Utah Statesman, August 30, 2021, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.