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Very High Electron Temperatures In The Daytime F-Region At Sondrestrom, W Kofman, Vincent B. Wickwar

All Physics Faculty Publications

Sondrestrom observations show that a characteristic F‐region signature of the interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere is a narrow band of elevated electron temperatures. Its location is associated with the ion convection reversal in the morning and evening convection cells. Typically, near 500 km altitude, the temperature is 3500 to 4000 K. However, on 24 April 1983, a geomagnetically very active day with Kp values of 6‐ during the period of interest, the electron temperature reached 6000 K in the afternoon convection reversal. The ion velocities were between 1 and 2 km/s on both sides of the reversal. There was …

Ionospheric Currents And F-Region Plasma Boundaries Near The Dayside Cusp, S Vennerstrom, E Friis-Christensen, T S. Jorgensen, C. E. Rasmussen, C R. Clauer, Vincent B. Wickwar

All Physics Faculty Publications

Observational evidence of the location of a dayside high‐latitude ionospheric current (DPY current) with respect to the different regimes of the high‐latitude magnetosphere is obtained by analyzing data from the magnetometer chain along the west coast of Greenland in conjunction with simultaneous measurements from the newly established incoherent‐scatter radar facility at Sondre Stromfjord. The latitudinal location of the DPY current is compared with the location of the maximum F‐region electron temperature and with the location of the plasma convection reversal from sunward to antisunward. The maximum in the F‐region electron temperature roughly coincides with the velocity reversal boundary, while the …

The Meridional Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measured By Radar And Optical Techniques In The Auroral Region, Vincent B. Wickwar, J W. Meriwether Jr., P B. Hays, A F. Nagy

All Physics Faculty Publications

Radar observations of ion velocities in the magnetic zenith over Chatanika, Alaska, were used to determine the geomagnetic meridional component of the thermospheric neutral wind. Corrections for molecular diffusion and molecular ion contamination of the pure O⁺ composition assumed for the ionosphere were included in the analysis. Comparison of the averaged diurnal variation of the meridional wind showed good agreement between the two measurement techniques. Good agreement was also found for several cases of simultaneous observations. The evidence suggested that differences were caused by gravity waves. The 7 years of radar meridional wind results were examined with respect to …

Initial Millstone Hill, Sondrestrom, And Hilat Observations Of Thermospheric Temperatures And Frictional Heating, W L. Oliver, J C. Foster, J M. Holt, G B. Loriot, Vincent B. Wickwar, J D. Kelly, O De La Beaujardiere, P F. Bythrow, D I. Meng, F J. Rich, R E. Huffman

All Physics Faculty Publications

Elevation scan observations made by the Millstone Hill and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radars are combined to provide extended latitudinal coverage of thermospheric measurements. Maps of the latitudinal and temporal structure of the exospheric temperature are presented for two 24‐hour periods over the latitude range 45 to 72 degrees north. On the magnetically quiet June day the Millstone and Sondrestrom data formed a consistent picture of thermospheric structure. On the disturbed July day the two radars observed very different behavior, with Millstone Hill observing strong, long‐lived ion frictional heating events but Sondrestrom observing more quiescent behavior. Comparison with HILAT satellite data …

Pitch Angle Properties Of Magnetospheric Thermal Protons And Satellite Sheath Interference In Their Observation, Jan Josef Sojka, G. L. Wrenn, J.F. E. Johnson

All Physics Faculty Publications

Cold proton observations from the geosynchronous GEOS 2 satellite are presented to show the pitch angle distribution of the refilling cold ion population found beyond the plasmapause. This refilling cold ion population flows into the depleted equatorial regions of the flux tubes from the topside ionosphere. This refilling is observed both day and night. The ions have energies between 0.5 and 3 eV. These energy characteristics are consistent with other recent observations. Although the observed angular distribution of these ions is highly complex, when allowance is made for the satellite sheath several conclusions can be made concerning the ion pitch …

Journal Of Mormon History Vol. 11, 1984

Journal of Mormon History

• --A Time of Marriage: Monogamy and Polygamy in a Utah Town

Larry Logue, 3

• --The Incidence of Mormon Polygamy in 1880: "Dixie" versus Davis Stake

Lowell "Ben" Bennion, 27

• --Early Mormon Polygamy Defenses

David J.Whittaker, 43

• --The Principle Revoked: A Closer Look at the Demise of Plural Marriage

Jan Shipps, 65

• --The Nauvoo Neighborhood: A Little Philadelphia or a Unique City Set Upon a Hill

Kenneth W. Godfrey, 79

• --Historical Theology and Theological History: Mormon Possibilities

Edwin S. Gaustad, 99

NOTES, VIEWS, AND REVIEWS

• --Editing the Prophet: The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith

Richard L. Anderson, 113 …

Asexual Vs. Sexual Propagation Of Quaking Aspen, Robert B. Campbell Jr.

Aspen Bibliography

ABSTRACT: Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

regenerates almost exclusively by root suckers in the

western United States, even though female clones

produce abundant viable seed. During the past decade,

interest in propagating aspen for use as an

ornamental and for revegetation of forest land has

increased. To satisfy these diverse needs for aspen

planting stock, nurserymen have a choice between

sexual and asexual propagation. Criteria for clone

selection, suggestions for root and seed collection

and storage, propagation techniques, and the

advantages of both sexual and asexual propagation are

discussed.

Population Dynamics And Production Studies Of Phryganella Acropodia And Difflugiella Oviformis (Testacea, Rhizopoda, Protozoa) In An Aspen Woodland Soil, J.D. Lousier

Aspen Bibliography

While soil Testacea can be identified as a major component of the soil protozoan fauna in some soils, little is known regarding their population ecology.

Plasma Characteristics Of Polar Cap F-Layer Arcs, H C. Carlson Jr., Vincent B. Wickwar, E J. Weber, J Buchau, J G. Moore, W Whiting

All Physics Faculty Publications

First results are reported of a comprehensive campaign to measure ionospheric structure and dynamics of nighttime polar cap F‐layer or F‐region arcs. Airborne optical and digital ionosonde data were collected simultaneously with ground based incoherent scatter radar data, continuously over many hours in time and 500 to 1000 km in space. Polar cap F‐region sub‐visual auroral arcs, which are commonly observed during quiet magnetic conditions, are found to represent boundaries (or shears) in the polar cap plasma circulation pattern. F‐region electron concentration enhancements are found in these features and can be of significance to polar thermospheric circulation, composition, and thermal …

Observations Of Interplanetary Magnetic Field And Of Ionospheric Plasma Convection In The Vicinity Of The Dayside Polar Cleft, C R. Clauer, P M. Banks, A Q. Smith, T S. Jorgensen, E Friis-Christensen, S Vennerstrom, Vincent B. Wickwar

All Physics Faculty Publications

Dayside ionospheric convection at high latitudes has been examined during a series of experiments using the Sondrestrom radar together with ancillary observations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) by the IMP‐8 spacecraft. The radar experiments obtained a latitude coverage of 67.6° Λ to 81.30° Λ and a temporal resolution of between 14 to 25 minutes. A total of 17 rotations through the dayside cleft region during April, June and July, 1983 have been examined. The observations show two convection cells with sunward flow at lower latitudes and antisunward flow at higher latitudes. The flow commonly rotates through a 180° angle …

Thermospheric Neutral Wind At –39° Azimuth During The Daytime Sector At Sondrestrom, Vincent B. Wickwar

All Physics Faculty Publications

Measurements with the Sondrestrom radar have been used to examine the daytime thermospheric neutral wind and to relate that wind to other geophysical parameters. Ion drag is found to be particularly important for determining the wind pattern. However, evidence is presented that the wind pattern is significantly influenced by soft particle precipitation and, possibly, by Joule heating.

Dayside Red Auroras At Very High Latitudes: The Importance Of Thermal Excitation, Vincent B. Wickwar, W Kofman

All Physics Faculty Publications

Extensive radar observations have been made from Sondrestrom of the F region in the daytime sector between 70 and 79° Λ. Regions of enhanced electron temperature and electron density are found in close association with the velocity reversal in the morning and afternoon convection cells. From the radar measurements, calculations are made of the contributions to the atomic oxygen emission at 6300A from dissociative recombination and thermal excitation. The latter mechanism, in particular, in the enhancement regions gives rise to intensities that are comparable to those observed at very high latitudes during the past decade.

Sondrestrom Overview, Vincent B. Wickwar, J D. Kelly, O De La Beaujardiere, C A. Leger, F Steenstrup, C H. Dawson

All Physics Faculty Publications

This overview of the Sondrestrom radar provides background material to help understand the early scientific results discussed in the following series of papers. It describes the geophysical region probed by the radar, the data acquisition procedure, and the extensive set of physical parameters derived.

A Theoretical F Region Study Of Ion Compositional And Temperature Variations In Response To Magnetospheric Storm Inputs, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk

All Physics Faculty Publications

The response of the polar ionosphere to magnetospheric storm inputs was modeled. During the “storm,” the spatial extent of the auroral oval, the intensity of the precipitating auroral electron energy flux, and the plasma convection pattern were varied with time. The convection pattern changed from a symmetric two-cell pattern with a 20-kV cross-tail potential to an asymmetric two-cell pattern with enhanced plasma flow in the dusk sector and a total cross-tail potential of 90 kV. During the storm there were significant changes in the ion temperature, ion composition, and molecular/atomic ion transition height. The storm time asymmetric convection pattern produced …

A Report On A Pilot Study On Cattle Grazed Patches In Herbaceous Vegetation, Victor Povilaitis

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Since the late 1960's, the term station (Goddard 1968), feeding station (Novellie 1978, Underwood 1982), and feeding site (Underwood 1983) have been used to describe the area in front of a foraging animal in which it can access forage without moving its front legs. The area is a hypothecial semicircle in front of the grazing animal, but the vegetation actually impacted by defoliation may be considered a "grazed patch," which may be the sum of several feeding stations. As animals graze the vegetation in an area, grazed patches are created. Presently, it is undocumented if such patches influence the behavior …

Vicuñas And Pastoralists On The Peruvian Altiplano, Rachel Walker

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Many articles, government publications, and a fairly lengthy book have been written about the vicuña (hereafter vicugna), as can be seen by the bibliography, which is in no way exhaustive. What I try to do here is bring together several factors that have not, to my knowledge, been documented in one article; the sociological and cultural aspects of the altiplano (high plains) community which is affected by the PEURV (Proyect Especial por la Utilization Racional de la Vicugna); some of the political and economic aspects of the campesino's life; the vicugna and its environmental adaption to the harsh puna (high …

Microstructural Changes In Winged Bean And Soybean During Fermentation Into Miso, K. Saio, H. Suzuki, T. Kobayashi, M. Namikawa

Food Structure

Miso was prepared from winged bean, being substituted for soybean. Microstructural changes of winged bean miso at various stages of the manufacturing processes were studied by means of light and transmission electron microscopies. Soybean was also studied for comparison.

After steaming , winged bean and soybean cells were shrunken and intracellular spaces enlarged and cell wall structure was degraded, showing layered structures and aggregated lumps in intraspaces between cell walls during fermentation into misc . At the end of the fermentation , the PAS reaction with cell walls almost disappeared. Surprisingly the thick cel l walls of winged bean degraded …

Some Factors Influencing Ante-Mortem Changes In Muscle: A Brief Review, S. C. Seideman, S. H. Cohen, J. V. Schollmeyer

Food Structure

Ante-mortem changes to muscle microstructure are influenced in many ways. During pre-natal cell differentiation and growth , myoblasts develop and mature into cells with quite different characteristics. Incorporated into the genome of these cells is the ability to synthesize a wide variety of filaments which occupy specific niches within each myofibril. During post-natal development , depending upon the particular precursor cell lines, different fiber types are produced. These are especially important in contributing to the ultimate palatability of meat. In this paper several factors which influence ante-mortem changes to muscle microstructure are discussed. While some of these are better understood …

Electron Microscopic Investigations Of The Cell Structure In Fresh And Processed Vegetables (Carrots And Green Bean Pods), Monika Grote, Hans Georg Fromme

Food Structure

The cell structure of fresh, blanched, boiled. dried and rehydrated tissues from carrot roots and green bean pods was examined in the scanning and/or transmission electron microscope. The secondary phloem of carrot roots represents a typical plant storage parenchyma characterized by a high starch and lipid content. Green bean pods show many characteristics of assimilation tissue (e.g. chloroplasts). but they also contain a considerable amount of starch. Blanching, boiling, de- and rehydration affect the texture of both vegetables in a similar way: swelling of cell walls. maceration of tissue during blanching and boiling coupled with a granular denaturation of cytoplasm. …

Preliminary Evaluation Of Lectins As Fluorescent Probes Of Seed Structure And Composition, S. Shea Miller, S. H. Yiu, R. G. Fulcher, I. Altosaar

Food Structure

Several commercially available fluoresceinisothiocyanate and rhodamine isothiocyanateconjugated plant lectins have been applied to cereal and oilseed tissues to permit identification and localization of specific structures and carbohydrates by fluorescence microscopy . Ulex europeaus Agglutinin I (UEAl) and Ricinis communis Agglutinin I (RCA I) showed specificity for the amyloids in rapeseed cotyledonary cell walls . Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) bound to rapeseed coat mucilage, as well as fungal hyphae in infected wheat . Lens culinaris Agglutinin (LCA) bound only to starch in cereal sections, and at higher magnifications of isolated starch granules , the annular structure was clearly visible.

The Effects Of Microwave Energy And Convection Heating On Wheat Starch Granule Transformations, N. K. Goebel, J. Grider, E. A. Davis, J. Gordon

Food Structure

Wheat starch-water dispersions at 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 5 95 (w/w) starch:water ratios, representing systems with varying levels of water availability , were heated under static conditions to 75°C by microwave energy at two power settings and by convection heating. Starch granule swe lling was evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Six stages in swelling were identified on the basis of s welling of small and large granules and development of an extragranular matrix. The range of swelling stages found in different locations within a sample decreased as water became more available and less limiting. At each starch:water ratio, …

Studies On The Microdistribution Of Aerobic Enzymes And Myoglobin In Pork, H. J. Swatland

Food Structure

Techniques were developed to study the microdistribution of aerobic enzymes and myoglobin directly on the surfaces of slices of meat. Despite its solubility, the in vivo distribution of myoglobin was preserved post mortem and, in pork, the distribution of myoglobin followed the distribution of aerobic muscle fibers. Aerobic fibers were grouped centrally in their fasciculi. Differences in oxidative enzyme activity between central and peripheral fibers within fasciculi were detected by staining with methylene blue in an atmosphere with controlled levels of oxygen and nitrogen. Within individual aerobic fibers, there was a radial gradient of SOH (succinate dehydrogenase) activity with more …

Light And Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Wheat And Rye-Bread Crumb. Interpretation Of Specimens Prepared By Various Methods, Y. Pomeranz, D. Meyer

Food Structure

The crumb of bread baked from wheat flour, rye flour, and rye meal was examined by light( LM ) and scanning electron-microscopy {SEM) . Whereas in the wheat bread the crumb is held together by a matrix of denatured protein, in the rye bread crumb highly expanded starch granules fulfill that r ole . Fractur i ng freeze-dried crumb ~rovided different information than sectioning !Jrior to freeze-drying . In the first case, little damage was caused to components of outer surfaces of vacuoles. In the second case , the protein matrix and starch granules were broken. At the same time, …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Hollow Heart Potatoes, W. P. Mohr, A. R. Spurr, P. Fenn, H. Timm

Food Structure

Electron microprobe and X-ray fluorescence techniques were used to study elemental gradients associated with the physiological disorder hollow heart i n potato tubers. Gradients were found along the length and across the width of mature tubers. These were not rela ted to the disorder, however . Tubers with advanced symptoms of the disorder had elemental levels and gradients similar to those in healthy, control tubers. The results suggest that if the disorder is initially caused by an elemental deficiency, as has sometimes been proposed , the deficiency is temporary and no longer exists in mature tubers with advanced hollow heart. …

Microstructure Of Set-Style Yoghurt Manufactured From Cow's Milk Fortified By Various Methods, A. Y. Tamime, M. Kalab, G. Davies

Food Structure

Five different batches of skim milk were prepared and fortified by the addition of skim milk powder (SMP) or sodium caseinate (Na-cn) or by concentration using a vacuum evaporator (EV), ultrafiltration (UF), or reverse osmosis (RO) to contain similar levels of protein (5.0-5.5%). Yoghurts were made by inoculating the milks with one of 3 commercial yoghurt starter cultures and by incubating the mixes at 42°C for 2.5 h. The following factors were found in this study to affect firmness of the yoghurts: (a) Lactic acid production (acidity) - Yoghurts containing 1.02% of lactic acid or more (pH 4.54 or less) …

The Effect Of Salt And Pyrophosphate On The Structure Of Meat, C. A. Voyle, P. D. Jolley, G. W. Offer

Food Structure

Our obective was to determine whether or not salt and pyrophosphate have the same effect on the structure of pieces of meat as they have on isolated myofibrils. Blocks of pig M. longissimus dorsi were incubated in solutions of sodium chloride at pH 5.5 or sodium chloride plus sodium pyrophosphate at pH 5.5 or 8.0. The blocks were obtained from fresh (24h post- mortem) or aged (72h post-mor tem) muscle and incubated for 5 or 24h with minimal agitation. There was considerable uptake of water by the tissue especially at the higher pH and longer times.

Electron microscopy of the …

Processing Effects On Meat Product Microstructure, Glenn R. Schmidt

Food Structure

Animal species, meat ingredient properties, comminution equipment, mechanical action, product composition, type and level of non-meat ingredients, and thermal processing greatly affect the structural and organoleptic properties of meat products. However, additional research in the area of restructured meat products, meat protein functionality and lipid properties in meat products remains to be done. The interaction of meat proteins with lipids, water and ions should be further investigated. Considerable control of raw materials, mechanical action and heat processing is essential to make research applicable to product and process development.

Review And Evaluation Of The Gibson Dome High Level Nuclear Waste Repository Environmental Assessment: Geohydrologic Issues, Christopher J. Duffy, Brad Hall

Reports

Introduction: Background/Authorization: This report is meant to provide a technical review and evaluation of Department of Energy documents concerning groundwater, radionuclide travel time and monitoring issues relative to siting a high level nuclear waste repository in the Gibson Dome area in Southern Utah. in so doing we have, during a relatively short period of time, examined in detail the Department of Energy Guidelines concerning high level nuclear waste disposal (1983) including revisions (1984), and each draft of the Environmental Assessments for Davis and Lavender Canyon, up to and including the fifth draft (dated July 27, 1984). In addition, a large …

Summary Report: Updating The Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities And Associated Damages For Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles, D. George Chadwick, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Problem Statement: Rising levels of the Great Salt Lake are severely impacting private and public property. in the private sector, the mineral industry, the railroad, and a number of recreation enterprises are suffering major damages. In the publi sector, the State of Utah is esperiencing large losses inflicted on roads and highways, waterfowl and related wildlife areas, and park and recreation facilities. The lake is partitioned by a semipervious railroad causeway into a north and a south arm with the sourth arm having about twice the water surface area and usually being two or three feet higher because it receibes …

Use Of The Hewlett-Packard 9810 Calculator System In Water Quality Analysis, Jerald S. Fifield

Reports

Introduction: It is the purpose of this manual to illustrate the utilization of the Hewlett-Packard, Model 9810A calculator for analyzing water quality data. Familiarization of each program's capabilities is essential for successful application, thus the user should read over the section used before beginning. Each section is complete with instructions and illustrative examples.