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Mass Marking Of Mosquitofish: Preliminary Results, Bruce Vondracek, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr.

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Three marking techniques were tested to determine their applicability for mosquitofish. Tetracycline drugs and DC Ar administered in the diet successfully marked laboratory-cultured mosquitofish, but exposure to direct sunlight in outdoor tanks resulted in the rapid disappearance of the marks. Preliminary data on fluorescent marks from a polystyrene pigment in a melamine-sulfonamide-formaldehyde resin forced into the dermal ,tissue with compressed air are more promising.

A t an optimal deliver pressure of 7.3 m Hg (140 p.s.i.) and spraying time of 15 sec., marking percentage is maximized and fish mortality is minimized. Mark retention time was up to 80 days in …

Effect Of Fish Size On Prey Size Selection In Gambusia Affinis, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr., James Compton

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Food size selection of the mosquitofish , Gambusia affinis affinis. was measured in aquaria using juvenile stages of the mosquito, Clllex tarsalb;, as prey. Fish size varied from recently born fry to large adult females. Food size selection was positively correlated with fish size. Mosquitofish fry (6-8 111m standard length) attacked and ate primarily first and second instar larvae. Fry attacked larger instars, but attack success on these was low (0 - 50%). Fish larger than 20 mm attached primarily pupae and third and fourth instar larva. No first instar mosquitoes were eaten. Attack success for these fish was above …

Muskrat Population Dynamics And Vegetation Utilization: A Management Plan, Thomas R. Mccabe, Michael L. Wolfe

Aspen Bibliography

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations are located in extensive marshes that are managed either privately or by state or federal refuge personnel. Maintenance of a balanced muskrat population is important to marsh management, therefore necessitating accurate density estimates. Feasibility of a vegetational utilization index as a reliable population indicator is being tested at Fish Springs NWR, Utah.

Gametogony And Zygote Formation Of Eimeria Tenella In Cultured Cells And In Chickens, James Westbrook Fisher

Biology

Although life cycles of many coccidian parasites are well documented, the exact sequence of events involved in the process vii of micro- and macrogamete encounter and subsequent zygote formation have remained poorly understood. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the fertilization process of Eimeria tenella. Excysted sporozoites of Eimeria tenella were inoculated into Leighton tube cultures of primary chicken kidney cells and allowed to develop through oocyst formation. Additionally, sporulated oocysts of E. tenella were administered to young coccidia-free chickens. Infected cell cultures and cecal epithelium were processed for electron microscopy. Observations were also made on living infected …

The Biosynthesis Of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid In Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides, Jie Chen

Biology

The activity of two enzymes, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and 4,5-dioxovaleric acid (DOVA) transaminase, were determined in crude extracts of three strains of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, (1) a wild type, (2) a mutant strain which can not form chlorophyll without the addition of ALA in the growth medium (known as H5) and (3) a second mutant strain which regained its ability to form chlorophyll without the addition of ALA in the medium (known as H5D). The results show that all three strains have DOVA transaminase activity, while ALA synthetase activity is found only in the wild type. Another experiment utilized D0VA …

Radioisotopic Studies Of Membrane Phospholipid Composition And Topography In Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides, Khalid Khurshid Al-Bayatti

Biology

Radioisotopic techniques were used to identify, quantitate and elucidate the topology of phospholipids in the photosynthetic membrane of Rhodopseudorronas sphaeroides. Two major phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), were identified in the lipids extracted from chromatophores, spheroplast-derived vesicles (SDV's) and whole cells. PE and PG were found to comprise 63 percent and 35 percent of total phospholipids respectively. A third phospholipid comprising about two percent of the total phospholipids was not identified. The topological distribution of phospholipids in the photosynthetic membrane was investigated using phospholipase hydrolysis and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) labelling methods on chromatophores and SDV's. Under non-lytic conditions, …

Vegetation Of Subalpine And Alpine Moraines In The Teton Range, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, John R. Spence

Biology

The vegetation on the neoglacial deposits below six glaciers in Grand Teton National Park was examined. The deposits at the six sites range from large terminal moraines to steep debris slopes to relatively flat debris accumulations. The sites are characterized by a diversity in topography, climate, and aspect. The environmental millieu the plants are occupying is dominated by disturbance, including mass-wasting, climatic fluctuations, and possible herbivory. One hundred and four species of vascular plants were collected from the six sites. Most of these are typical arctic-alpine species. Transplants of late successional species failed to survive because of dessication, snow kill, …

Spatial And Temporal Changes In Spider Communities, Barbara J. Abraham

Biology

The spider fauna of a shrub steppe (Artemisia-Agropyron) community at the mouth of Green Canyon, Cache Co., Utah, was described. Herb, shrub and ground stratum spiders were sampled by sweep-netting, beating and pitfall trapping, respectively. Spiders of the ground were generally different from those of the vegetation. The two most abundant spider species and families in each stratum were distinctive. Horizontal distributions of spiders differed in four study plots with vegetation ranging from mostly herbaceous to very shrubby. Seasonal and diurnal spider abundance patterns were noted. Spiders were grouped into guilds based on their predatory strategies. This allowed comparisons between …

Antipredator Behavior And Parental Care In The American Avocet And Black-Necked Stilt (Aves: Recurvirostridae), Tex Albon Sordahl

Biology

Free-living American Avocets and Black-necked Stilts were studied during 1977 and 1978 in northern Utah. The broad objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the breeding biology of the birds and identify aspects related to predation pressure, and (2) examine the antipredator behavior of parent birds and their young. Nest success was approximately 30% at 75 avocet and 18 stilt nests studied. Fifty-seven percent of nest failures were due to predation on eggs, and another 11% were due to predation on incubating adults. Juvenal-plumaged broods contained fewer chicks than downy broods, indicating partial brood loss, which was probably due …

Notes On The Biology Of Halictus (Halictus) Farinosus Smith (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), William P. Nye

All PIRU Publications

Describes the habitat, life history, foraging, social behavior, and nest architecture of the subsocial halictine bee Hal ictus (Hal ictus) farinosus Smith. The interplay of host-plant conditions with nest development and generations is discussed. Natural enemies and other associates are noted but not extensively treated.

Irrigating For Rainbows, Jack Keller

Faculty Honor Lectures

Quite simply. irrigation is the act of applying water to land. It is usually done to improve plant growth and it lies somewhere between an art. a science. and plain hard work. Even though we do not often think about it. irrigation is very important to the well-being of the world. It is important because we need basic foods to survive. and luxury foods and pleasant views to enjoy this survival. For the many people directly involved in irrigation. especially farmers. it provides a livelihood which is both satisfying and peaceful. And for the few of us lucky enough to …

An Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral Approach To Desertification Control And Increased Productivity Of The Sahel, Rober D. Kirmse

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The southern arid fringe of the Sahara Desert, called the Sahel, is progressively becoming less productive through a systematic deterioration of the environment. Population increases and technological advances have encouraged ecological degradation through man's normal activities for survival. The degradation process has been referred to as desertification, desertization, desert encroachment, and desert creep.

Induction And Selection Of Mutants Of Cells Of The 'Regen-S' Strain Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.), Dane R. Hansen

Biology

The use of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings and plant tissue cultures as possible sources of material for mutation and selection studies was investigated. Alfalfa seeds (var. 'Regen-S') with a purported high frequency of regeneration were obtained and tested. Callus and single cell cultures were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate and then screened for resistance to atrazine. The results indicated that either type of culture could be induced to yield a high frequency of resistant tissue. Attempts to induce the tissue to regenerate suggested that 'Regen-S' may not have as high a frequency of regeneration as reported. The capability of regeneration …

Isolation And Characterization Of Light Harvesting Proteins From The Photosynthetic Membranes Of Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides, Brent D. Mcmillan

Biology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein components of the light harvesting complex of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Two protein bands, polypeptides 15A and 15B, were isolated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight values of 9,400 daltons for polypeptide 15A and 9,304 daltons for polypeptide 15B were calculated by amino acid composition. Molecular weights were also determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polypeptide 15A was estimated to have a molecular weight of 8,250 ± 10% daltons from 12% acrylamide gels and 9,350 ± 10% daltons from 15% acrylamide gels. Polypeptide 15B was estimated …

The Effects Of Sucrose Concentration And Prolonged Darkness On Sieve-Element Ontogeny In Experimentally Grown Lemna Minor L., Julie Mitchell Palmer

Biology

An investigation of sieve element development in roots of Lemna minor L. was made under conditions of prolonged darkness and sucrose supplemented media. As a prelude to this study several small experiments were performed to determine whether or not sucrose in the nutrient solution is actually absorbed by the plant. Results of the dry weight analysis and osmotic values of nutrient media indicated that sucrose uptake does occur. In the prolonged darkness experiment, evidence was obtained that suggested better preservation of tonoplasts and smooth endoplasmic reticulum occurred in sieve elements that have a lowered solute concentration due to deprivation of …

Singing Behavior Of The Black-Headed Grosbeak, Pheuticus Melanocephalus, With Emphasis On The Function Of Singing By Females, Gary Kenneth Ritchison

Biology

Although song in passerines typically is limited to males, there are many reports of singing by females. This study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence and possible functions of such singing in the Black-headed Grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus. The singing of grosbeaks is expressed in a series of syllables lying between about 1.5 and 4.0 kHz. The number of syllables in the repertoires of the birds studied ranged from 14 to 37 in males and 4 to 28 in females. Within the most extensively studied population, an average of one-third of any male's syllables also were sung by another male. However, …

Evaluation Of A Sensitive Detection Procedure For Sewage-Isolated Reovirus, David N. Ridinger

Biology

MDBK,LLC-MK2 and Intestinal 407 were the most susceptible cell lines respectively in a comparison study using 12 continuous cell lines and reovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 isolated from sewage. In a similar study, MDBK cells, when compared to LLC-MK2 and BGM cells, were the most susceptible to sewage isolated, protamine precipitated reovirus, which had not been serotyped and had no previous cell contact. Sewage-isolated, protamine-precipitated reoviruses were also used in conjunction with MDBK cells in a comparative evaluation of immunofluorescent cell count (ICC) and a plaque assay procedures. The ICC assay detected higher reovirus titers in 18-24 hrs, considerably …

Huntington Lake Recreation Management Composite Plan, Kermit L. Johansson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The existing uses at Huntington Lake have evolved from development of the basin area for timber and hydroelectric generation. As a result of the resource attraction in the 1920's, roads were constructed, allowing an influx of recreation visitors. The scenic beauty of the lake made it a popular area which promoted the formation of resorts and Forest Service recreational facilities. Special use permits for recreation summer homes were later granted by the Forest Service to allow utilization of the lake when relatively few people could make the arduous drive up the narrow mountain road.

Accumulation Of Formaldehyde And Its Relation To Postmortem Aging Of Non-Gadoid Fish Species, Mohamad A. Al-Kanhal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three non-gadoid fish species, trout (Cynoscion regalis), English sole (Paraophyrys vetulus) and Pacific red snapper (Scomber japonicus) have been tested for the recovery of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA), and formaldehyde (FA) during postmortem storage at 4°C and -5°C. TMAO, TMA, and DMA content was determined by measuring them as the salt derivative of picric acid. FA was determined by using the 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolinone hydrazone test.

In muscle tissue of red snapper and English sole, it was clear that initially TMAO decreased during storage at 4°C, while the amounts of TMA, DMA, and …

A Proposed Method Of Student Selection Using A Biographical Inventory As An Adjunctive Predictive Criterion, Jeffrey Scott Orme

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether or not the use of a biographical inventory would be a feasible and viable adjunctive means of making more accurate predictions of student success in programs of upper-division and graduate study in speech pathology and audiology. During the past years, biographical inventories have been found to be predictive of creativity, performance as a military officer, performance in varied occupations, and academic performance. It was hypothesized that a biographical inventory could be developed which, when used in conjunction with the existing academic predictors of Grade Point Average and Graduate Records Examination scores, …

Perceived Problems In First And Second Marriages, Gerald C. Dineen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify problem areas in second families as compared to first families.

A questionnaire was sent to 31 first married wives and 20 second married wives. Both groups had children living in the home.

The first 19 questions focused on parent-child, and husband-wife relations. Respondents were asked to indicate their feelings on a four-point Lichert-type scale of strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree.

The next section, which was included for other research purposes, asked respondents how prepared they felt for this current marriage.

Following these questions, 12 items were listed asking respondents to …

Evaluation Of A Planning Methodology: Integrating Land Use Information In Water Quality Planning, Matthew B. Conover

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The case study investigated was the 208 water quality planning conducted in the Ashley Valley, around Vernal, Utah. The region is expected to urbanize rapidly due to energy development on adjacent state and federal land. The water quality planning was being conducted in the absence of substantial prior land use planning.

A method is developed in the thesis for evaluating plans and methodologies. The method utilizes preformulated evaluation criteria to analyze structure and function of the methdology, political context, informational inputs, limiting factors, trigger factors, causeeffect relationships, and impacts of methodology on planning recommendations. The criteria collected from the literature …

The Structure Of Sonoran Desert Bird Communities: Effects Of Vegetation Structure And Precipitation, Stephen B. Vander Wall

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The structure of Sonoran Desert bird communities was studied along both a vegetation gradient (at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona) and a latitudinal gradient (from Burro Creek, Arizona to Sierra Libre, Sonora, Mexico). The vegetation gradient consisted of 4 sites which varied in vegetation structure from complex (large cactus-subtree dominated community) to simple (shrub dominated community). Along the vegetation gradient, bird species diversity, bird species richness and consuming biomass decreased with decreasing structural complexity of the vegetation. Bird species equitablility did not change significantly along the gradient. Using both principal component and cluster analyses on foraging behavior data plus …

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Probe Of Ultraviolet-B Photoinhibition Of Primary Photoreactions In Intact Leaves, Robert S. Nowak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Damage to primary photosynthetic reactions caused by environmental stress can be assessed by measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in intact leaves. This approach was applied in studies of ultraviolet-B photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Pisum sativum L. and Rumex patientia L. leaves. At ultraviolet-B dose rates insufficient to cause inhibition of net photosynthesis, changes in the magnitude of fluorescence transients did occur, which suggested direct effects on chloroplast pigments in Pisum and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport between the photosystems in both species. Leaves of these two species subjected to a much higher dose rate had a significant reduction of net …

Characteristics And Genesis Of Certain Soils In The Southern Foothills Of Central Alborz, Iran, Firouz Rooyani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Characteristics and genesis of five pedons representing some of the soils of the central Alborz mountain northeast of Tehran were investigated. The present climate of the area is similar to the Mediterranean climate. The parent materials for the soils under study have apparently been derived from the Ecocene Alborz Green Beds (a thinly bedded light green mudstone), the Pliocene Hezardareh Formation (a poorly-cemented conglomerate) and Recent alluvium and colluvium. Pedons 2 and 4 are located at lower elevations (plain and river terraces) on 1 to 2 percent slopes. Pedons 3 and 5 are located at higher elevations (hills that surround …

Resource Partitioning In Breeding Populations Of Marsh Hawks And Short-Eared Owls, Susan C. Linner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the 1979 breeding season four pairs of northern harriers, or marsh hawks (Circus cyaneus) and four pairs of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) were studied in Cache Valley, Utah. The study was concerned solely with diurnal resource utilization, and did not examine the owls' nocturnal activities. The home range of each harrier pair overlapped substantially with that of an owl pair. Percent habitat overlap for hawk-owl pairs varied from 39 percent to 72 percent. Observations were made to determine if differences existed in their utilization of habitat and food resources, or in their daily and seasonal …

Involving Parents In A Nutrition Education Program For Preschool Children, Cheryl Wright

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary intent of this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of parents in the role of teaching nutrition to their children. This research endeavor was an extension of refinement of a three-year program in nutrition education in the Department of Family and Human Development at Utah State University. Fifty-seven children enrolled in the Child Development Laboratory at Utah State, and their parents were involved in the study. Eighteen children were taught nutrition by their mothers. Twenty-one children were taught nutrition by their mothers and fathers, and 18 children served as the control group and received no nutrition using an …

Grandfather: An Intergenerational View, Norma P. Johnston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of grandfather in the lives of his adolescent grandchildren. A survey design was used to (1) obtain demographic data, (2) determine how the two generations perceive each other, (3) identify the types and frequencies of interaction between grandfathers and their adolescent grandchildren, and (4) compare the conceptions of an ideal grandfather by the two classes of subjects. Data were gathered from 47 adolescents and their 61 grandfathers. Most of the subjects were from the dominant religion in the Wasatch front area.

The results confirm a viable adolescent grandchild/grandfather relationship. Residential …

Treatment Of Usu Dairy Wastewaters By Lagoon Intermittent Sand Filtration, Eric M. Claus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study of the feasibility of lagoon-intermittent sand filter treatment of dairy wastewaters from the Utah State University dairy was performed from 1978 through 1980. The report also includes an analysis of alternative dairy wastewater treatment systems utilizing a computer model.

A simple and inexpensive method of dairy wastewater treatment is needed so that the small (50- 300 cows) dairy farmer can meet the 30 mg/ ~ of BODs federal effluent standard and still earn a profit. The influent to the USU dairy treatment system, the lagoon effluent and the filter effluent were sampled during the summers of 1978 and …

Landscape Architecture History: A Critical Review Of Its Curriculum And Teaching Methodology, Robert L. Marshall

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to develop criteria for establishing an effective course in teaching history of landscape architecture. Believing that professors, students and practicing landscape architects all have justifiable concerns and comments as to the way history of landscape architecture should be taught, questionnaires were sent to each of these groups across the country. Based on the responses to the questionnaires, coupled with information gleaned from a review of literature and the author's personal teaching experiences, the course criteria is established.

The research showed that it is important that the instructor be able to select historic periods and …