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Effect Of Iron On Residual Nitrite Level In Ground Pork And Model Systems, Changmin Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of iron, temperature, and presence of botulinal spores or sodium ascorbate on depletion of nitrite level were determined in meat and model systems. Higher temperature and presence of botulinal spores definitely increased nitrite depletion in a meat system. Added hemoglobin also significantly increased nitrite depletion, while ferrous iron and ferric iron did not significantly decrease nitrite level in a meat system. High temperature and presence of sodium ascorbate increased nitrite depletion in a model system. Only ferrous iron significantly decreased nitrite level in the absence of ascorbate, while ferric iron, heme iron, and ferritin iron did not decrease …

Seasonal Feeding Behavior And Forage Selection By Goats In Cleared And Thinned Deciduous Woodlands In Northeast Brazil, Roberto Cesar Magalhaes Mesquita

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The seasonal feeding behavior, forage preferences and body weight responses of goats were studied under three densities of woodland (called caatinga), and under three stocking rates. The experiment was located in the semi-arid tropics of northeastern Brazil at 3 42' South latitude, and 40 21' West longitude at an elevation of 75 meters. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 832 mm.

Removing the shrubs and trees increased yields of herbaceous only on partially-cleared sites. Goats gained body weight (kg BW/ha) during the wet season, with the cleared treatment showing the best body weight response per unit of land. However …

Optimal Forest Rotation: Decisions Under Conditions Of Certainty And Uncertainty, Rabindra Nath Bhattacharyya

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The existing literature determining the optimal rotation period of a forest stand under conditions of certainty, as well as under uncertainty, lacks the genera 1 scope to be useful. A forest provides timber of commercial value, a flow of recreational services, and other valuable environmental services. Providing goods and services involves benefits as well as costs. Relevant management decisions depend on the net values that can be obtained. The present work developes a more general model for determining an optimal rotation period incorporating various fixed and variable costs associated with timber production and recreational services in an environment of certainty …

The Isolation, Property Analysis And Determination Of In Planta Growth Ability Of Extracellular Polysaccharide Mutants Of Corynebacterium Michiganense Pv Insidiosum, Mary C. Paschke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Corynebacterium michiganense pv insidiosum, the organism responsible for bacterial wilt of alfalfa, produces an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that has been linked to its virulence. The EPS is composed of three different-sized molecules (components I, II and III). It has been demonstrated that this EPS accumulates in the vascular system of infected plants and causes disruption of the flow of water.

The importance of EPS to the survival and pathogenicity of C.m. pv insidiosumis not known. In order to begin assessing the value of EPS, mutant strains that are EPS-deficient were isolated after UV mutagenisis. Analysis by gel filtration …

Predicting Digestibilities Of Alfalfa Hays With Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, David H. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-four alfalfa hays from different cuttings, maturities, and locations were fed to sheep in a digestion study. Subsamples of the hays along with corresponding fecal samples were ground and analyzed for dry matter, (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and permanganate lignin. In vivo digestibility (IVDMD) were also determined fro each hay.

The hay and fecal samples were scanned with a near infrared reflectance spectrophotometer. Chemical and digestible data for each hay and fecal sample were entered into the computer and separate multiple regression equations developed.

Fifteen other alfalfa hays with …

Behavioral Response Of Desert Bighorn Sheep To Human Harassment: A Comparison Of Disturbed And Undisturbed Populations, Michael M. King

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) response to human disturbance was evaluated in southeastern Utah from 1981-1983. Bighorn response was compared between the Red Canyon area, an area with relatively high levels of human disturbance, and the White Canyon area, an area with relatively low levels of human disturbance. Bighorn were deliberately harassed by vehicles and hikers and immediate response and distance fled were recorded. When bighorn remained in the presence of the harassing stimuli, actual time spent in and proportion of animals engaged in various behaviors were recorded to determine group wariness and activity budgets under harassed …

Parameters Controlling Sediment Composition Of Modern And Pleistocene Jamaican Reefs, Stephen K. Boss

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent carbonate sediments from Jamaican north coast fringing reefs display variation in constituent composition, texture, and mineralogy related to their location on the reef. Samples were collected along lines which traversed the back reef and fore reef (0.5m to 70m).

The sediment is dominated by highly comminuted coral fragments, plates of the calcareous green alga, Halimeda, coralline algae, and the encrusting Foraminifera, Homotrema rubrum, with lesser amounts of other taxonomic groups (Foraminifera; molluscs; echinoderms). Relative abundances of these biotic components vary between sites. Q-mode cluster analysis indicates that constituent composition can be used to delineate the different reef …

Phosphorus Dynamics In Dingle Marsh, Idaho, Rex C. Herron

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Phosphorus mass-balance studies of Dingle Marsh, Idaho indicated that the marsh was an annual net sink for total suspended sol ids and all forms of phosphorus under consideration: total phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved organic phosphorus, and orthophosphate phosphorus. During some months, however, more phosphorus was exported from the marsh than entered.

Phosphorus mass-balance dynamics were compared between night and day. Total suspended solids and particulate phosphorus dynamics were controlled by sedimentation of particulate material, a physical process, and were unaffected by light conditions. Dissolved organic and ortho-phosphorus were affected by light conditions indicating, at least indirectly, that …

An Autecological Study Of Dyers Woad (Isatis Tinctoria L.) On Utah Rangeland, Ann T. Fuller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Northern Utah rangelands have become infested with dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) and control is needed. Mechanical and chemical control on rangelands produce undesirable effects. A possible alternative is biological control, but information is not available on plant response to this control method. This autecological study and simulation of control methods examined dyers woad phenology, seed endurance and response to simulated grazing, hand rogueing and plowing. The phenology study documented dyers woad growth patterns from May 1982 to November 1983. During the first year, 65 percent of the seedlings died while the remaining 35 percent grew rosette leaves. During …

The Acarau Valley In Northeast Brazil: Vegetation, Soils And Land Use., Joao Stacishin De Queiroz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe and characterize the principal kinds of land in the mid-portion of the Acarau Valley, Ceara State, Northeast Brazil. The specific aims were: (1) to develop a specific-purpose soil classification; (2) to investigate vegetation-environment relationships; (3) to develop hypotheses about short-term vegetation dynamics; and (4) to evaluate the usefulness of computer processed multispectral-scanner (MSS) data for mapping rangeland resources in Northeast Brazil.

Fifty-one soil profiles were described and ocular estimates of vegetation cover by species were made at each subjectively selected site. Two Landsat scenes were used to assess the usefulness of MSS …

Temporal And Spatial Partitioning Of The Soil Water Resource Between Two Agropyron Bunchgrasses And Artemisia Tridentata, Halldor Thorgeirsson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Dynamics of soil water use by two cool-season Agropyron bunchgrasses during the warm season depletion of soil water reserves were monitored for two years in experimental plots in the field. Agropyron desertorum, an introduced, competitive species from Eurasia, extracted more water from the deeper ( > 50 cm) soil layers than the native, less competitive Agropyron spicatum. Agropyron desertorum both extracts this water earlier and to lower soil water potentials than Agropyron spicatum. From the water extraction dynamics of the grasses in monocultures and in their two-way (50:50) mixtures with a shrub they commonly co-occur with, Artemisia tridentata …

Iron Requirement Of Clostridium Botulinum Type A And Characterization Of Iron-Sulfur Proteins In Nitrite Treated And Untreated Botulinal Cells, Divya Shree A. Reddy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of added iron on the growth of Clostridium botulinum type A in a chemically defined medium was studied. Growth of C. botulinum was supported by an iron level of 0.05 ug/ml with maximum growth observed at a level of 3 ug iron/ml.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were conducted to detect the presence of iron-sulfur centers and iron-nitric oxide complexes in untreated and nitrite treated cell-free extracts of C. botulinum type A. Untreated extracts of C. botulinum exhibited EPR signals in the oxidized and reduced states characteristic of a "HiPiP-type" iron-sulfur center (g=2.02) in the oxidized state and …

Reduction Of Sodium Nitrite And Sodium Chloride In A Cured Meat Product By Using Acid Development To Inhibit Botulinal Toxin Formation, Angsana Assamongkorn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pediococcus acidilactici as a lactic acid producer, and sucrose were added to breakfast strip products in order to reduce added levels of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride and yet limit the growth of Clostridium botulinum and inhibit toxin production. Sucrose at 0.4 or 0.9% with P. acidilactici at 1.0 x 10⁸ cells/g were added during preparation of breakfast strip products prepared with combinations of 40 or 80 ppm sodium nitrite and 1.0 or 2.0% sodium chloride. Other ingredients were added at levels normally used in cured meat products. C. botulinum types A and B at 1,000 spores/g were inoculated …

Summary Of The Results Of Analysis Of Obsidian Artifacts From The Maya Lowlands, F. W. Nelson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The analytical method of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been used to analyze obsidian artifacts from Cerros, Belize and from Yaxchilan, Chiapas, Mexico. The results of these analyses are compared to the results of analysis of obsidian geologic sources using graphical and statistical methods in order to identify the probable source from which the obsidian for the artifacts came. These results are then summarized along with results of analysis by others of obsidian artifacts from several archaeological sites in the Lowland Maya area. Using these data, possible trade routes and how they may have changed through time have been postulated.

Foliar Penetration Of A Fungicide As Detected By Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, C. R. Krause

Scanning Electron Microscopy

CU II hydroxide, (Cu(OH)₂) a fungicide, produces injury as a result of "chemical burn" or phytotoxicity on some plants. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize chlorosis on red maple leaves following foliar applications of Cu(OH)₂. Copper was located with X-ray mapping in foliar mesophyll cells of trees sprayed with Cu(OH)₂ but not in leaves of trees sprayed with distilled H₂O.

Computerized Microtomography In Scanning Electron Microscopy, A. Yu. Sasov

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Non-destructive methods of inner object structure reconstruction in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been studied. For specimens with a size of about 1 mm a spatial resolution of 10 μm has been achieved. The reconstruction is made from a project ion in X-ray radiation. Algorithms of conventional computerized tomography are used. The application of 3-dimensional reconstruction to different types of microobjects has been shown. As an example, microtomography of organic objects (grass grain, beetle head) and inorganic objects (semiconductor diode) has been carried out.

Geological Applications Of Ionization Lte Model In Laser Probe Mass Spectrometry, J. F. Eloy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Recently, the laser plasma ionization process of the laser Probe Mass Spectrograph permitted one to obtain quantitative information on the fluid inclusions and trace distributions in ores. Indeed laser ionization provides the physical conditions for a substantial application in the Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium (LTE) model. Other geological information in the case of micro-analysis on the quartz, fluorite, and zircon has also been obtained.

Cyclic Deposition Of Calcium Salts During Growth Of Cholesterol Gallstones, Peter F. Malet, Norman E. Weston, Bruce W. Trotman, Roger D. Soloway

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Some cholesterol gallstones contain darkly pigmented centers or peripheral concentric pigmented bands. We examined the cross-sectional surface of three cholesterol gallstones which contained both central and peripheral pigmented areas with electron-probe microanalysis (EPM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) to determine the elemental composition of the pigmented regions. Linear EPM across the cross-sectional surface of the stones demonstrated that most of the pigmented regions of all three stones had high Ca and P signals; the nonpigmented intervening areas had markedly lower or no detectable Ca and P signals. In two of the three stones, high O signals coincided with the …

Scanning Electron Microscope Cytochemistry Of Blood Cells, D. Soligo, E. De Harven, E. Pozzoli, M. T. Nava, N. Polli, G. Lambertenghi-Deliliers

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The backscattered electron imaging (BEI) mode of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been applied to study various histo-cytochemical reactions in biological specimens since the early seventies. Due to numerous, recent technical improvements the BEI mode of SEM now belongs to the routine of many SEM laboratories.

For cytochemistry, BEI has been mainly used to: visualize intracellular structures and organelles; recognize the different cell types in heterogeneous populations or tissues; study the correlations between enzymatic activities and cell surface features.

We have evaluated the most relevant results obtained in the study of blood cells and the possible future applications of these …

Structural Changes In Mouse Small Intestinal Villi Following Lower Body Hyperthermia, H. M. H. Kamel, K. E. Carr, S. P. Hume, J. C. L. Marigold

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Heating an exteriorised loop of mouse small intestine resulted in marked changes in the shape of the villi as reported earlier. However, the exteriorisation techniques resulted in non-uniformity in both temperature and effect around circumference of intestine and, in addition, the extent to which handling contributed to the observed damage was not known. The work has therefore been extended using lower-body heating in the temperature range 37.5° - 43.0°C.

Heating in the temperature range 37.5° to 41.0°C produced minimal to moderate structural changes, manifested as scattered, vertically collapsed villi amongst predominantly "normal" villi. No villi showed conical or rudimentary forms …

Practical Applications Of Research: "Enough To Curdle Milk", Gary Haight Richardson

Faculty Honor Lectures

It is a privilege to be given this opportunity and a challenge to present material in a narrow discipline in a way that might be appreciated by many. I like to think I can relate to other disciplines. Although I came to Utah State University to be a music major, a concerned father foresaw that I might not earn a living in this area (he had heard me practice) and suggested an interview with A. 1. Morris before checking into the Music Department. A. 1., Head of the Dairy Manufacturing Department, was as convincing and persuasive as Tony Ernstrom is, …

An Estimate Of Utah's Food Balance, Donald L. Snyder

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

People in the state have been and continue to be concerned about various measures of self-sufficiency. Numerous studies have been undertaken in the recent past in an attempt to answer this question. ln a conference sponsored by Utah State University, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Agriculture, several authors (D. Liffereth; J. Andersen; A. LeBaron; and W. Park; 1981) attempted to deal with this issue from the perspective of total production potentil for the state relative to the state's needs for food products, where the food need was estimated as calories, net food energy, or some other basic biological …

Integration Of X-Ray Microanalysis And Morphometry Of Biological Material, W. C. De Bruijn

Scanning Electron Microscopy

It was investigated how to extract both morphometrical and X-ray elemental information from scanning electron microscopical (SEM) or scanning transmission electron microscopical (STEM)-images and how to integrate these two information streams either on line or off-line after storage.

Cytochemical reaction products in cell organelles in ultrathin sections are the biological structures of interest. In such organelles four different situations can be met: morphologically the structures are homomorph or heteromorph; chemically the elements are distributed either homogeneously or heterogeneously. A new program has been proposed and described, which permits determination of both the area and the mean net-intensity value of chemical …

Valuing Wildlife Management: A Utah Deer Herd, John E. Keith, Kenneth S. Lyon

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Most current efforts in applying valuation methods to wildlife-related recreation have focused upon variables which are inappropriate to the majority of management decisions. Managers generally are concerned with increasing the stock of wildlife through habitat manipulation: The economic criteria for these decisions should be the value of a change in the stock of the wildlife population. An estimate of such a value was made for the Oak Creek deer herd in Utah, using a household production function approach in an optimal control framework. The value of an additional deer in the herd was estimated to be about $40.OO.

Utah Science Vol. 46 No. 1, Spring 1985

Utah Science

1 POISON-IVY IN UTAH R. J. Shaw and M. C. Williams Conditions seem to favor the spread of this plant, now found in 17 of the state's 29 counties.

7 TRICHOMES: A POTENTIAL DEFENSE AGAINST GRASS BUGS W. F. Campbell and Y. H. Ling Insect-resistant grasses may be a practical method of controlling range pests and serve as the foundation for an integrated system of pest control.

10 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR POTATOES T. W. Helms and J. L. Bushnell Better irrigation scheduling and disease control have markedly cut production costs and improved yields.

14 LIMITING EROSION ON FROZEN GROUND …

Microstructural Matrix-Crystal Interactions In Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Kidney Stones, J. Stacholy, E. P. Goldberg

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The role of the proteinaceous matrix in the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones is still not well understood. Simple scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been of somewhat limited value in visualizing the organic and inorganic microstructure due to difficulties in obtaining detailed structural information for cut or fractured surfaces.

To help clarify matrix-crystal microstructure, serial sections from 10-20 mm calcium oxalate calculi were partially demineralized with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and examined by SEM. Sections etched by EDTA showed a radial crystal structure composed of "microcrystal" subunits. Sections simultaneously EDTA etched and fixed with glutaraldehyde to insolubilize all matrix …

Near Edge Fine Structures On Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Core Loss Edges, C. Colliex, T. Manoubi, M. Gasgnier, L. M. Brown

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Core edges recorded in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) display a large variety of profiles. We have investigated several specific aspects concerning Energy Loss Near Edge Structures (ELNES) and emphasize the interest in a careful edge shape analysis to obtain refined microanalytical information, such as local symmetry. After indicating the general impact of EELS fine structures as compared to EDX and Auger spectroscopies we discuss the instrumental conditions required for recording satisfactory spectra and consider the theoretical problems which are involved in data interpretation. The major portion of this paper presents results for selected K, L23, M45 and N45 core …

Relationship Of The Surface Structure Of Metaphase Chromosomes To The Higher Order Organization Of Chromatin Fibers, K. W. Adolph, L. R. Kreisman

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), has been utilized to determine how the surface structure of mitotic chromosomes is related to the organization of the 30 nm chromosomal fibers. SEM revealed the surfaces of isolated, HeLa cell chromosomes to possess a knobby substructure with chromosomes prepared for EM in buffers containing 0.5-1.5 mM Mg²⁺. These projections had substantially greater widths (65-70 nm) than the underlying chromatin fibers. Reducing the Mg ion concentration to 0.05-0.15 mM resulted in the further expansion of the chromosomes, which flattened the chromosomes for SEM so the fibers became …

Mineralogical Application Of The Ion Microscope Elementary Analysis, A. Havette

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The ion microscope is an instrument which allows the study "in-situ" of polished solid surfaces by means of analysis of secondary ions emitted by the sample, this one being bombarded with neutral or ionized particles.

This instrument is a mass spectrometer and an ion microscope. It is then possible to study elements and their isotopes (mass spectra, counting, isotope abundances...) and to know the distribution of these elements in an area of around one hundred micrometers. Molecular and multicharged ions can be superimposed to elementary ions. Two methods can be used to suppress them but, in any case, it results …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Biological Tissues - An Examination Of Comparative Specimen Preparation Techniques Using Prostatic Tissue As A Model, J. A. Chandler

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A number of reproductive tissues have been investigated by X-ray microanalysis for a large number of elements. These elements occur both free and with many different forms of binding to tissue proteins and cellular constituents. The prostate tissue studied here represents a glandular tissue with both parenchymal and stromal components having different cell types. While no general rule can be applied to the preparative technique for all tissues, it would seem that of all the methods examined here freeze substitution or the use of dehydration fluids combined with subsequent embedding offer the most promising compromise between cryoultramicrotomy and aqueous fixation.