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Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations Of The Canine Inner Ear, R. J. Mount, R. V. Harrison

Scanning Microscopy

The sensory epithelia of the inner ear of the dog have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface appearance of the cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals and of the macula utriculi are very similar to other mammalian species. The crista ampullaris of the anterior vertical semicircular canal is divided by a non-sensory septum cruciatum, found in cats and rats but not, for example, in man. The vestibular sensory cells possess two distinct types of stereocilia, one is thick and rigid appearing, the other is thin and limp. Neither type of stereocilium is restricted to a particular hair …

Rapid Freezing Techniques And Cryoprotection Of Biomedical Specimens, Tudor Barnard

Scanning Microscopy

It has been realized almost from the start of biological electron microscopy that the use of low temperature in specimen preparation might alleviate the problems associated with conventional chemical fixation and plastic embedding. In practice it has been very difficult to realize any benefits, owing to the problems encountered in trying to prepare samples with the water transformed to ice, yet without the sample itself hopelessly distorted by ice crystals. The difficulty is caused by the poor diffusibility of heat through water, the main constituent of almost all biological samples. Even with a maximal temperature gradient between the sample surface …

Sperm Nuclear Zinc, Chromatin Stability, And Male Fertility, Ulrik Kvist, Lars Björndahl, Svante Kjellberg

Scanning Microscopy

Zinc excreted from the human prostate secures a high content of zinc in the sperm nucleus and contributes to the stability of the quaternary structure of the chromatin. After ejaculation, in vitro, a second type of stability, most probably involving disulfide- bridge crosslinks, supersedes the zinc-dependent stability. Normally, the nucleus of the ejaculated spermatozoon remains stable, i.e., it does not decondense when exposed to a detergent (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate -SDS), whereas a spermatozoon which has been exposed to a zinc- chelating medium becomes destabilized and decondenses in SDS. Spontaneous decondensation in SDS, i.e., without prior treatment with zinc-chelators, occurs …

Immunogold Localization Of Intra- And Extra-Cellular Proteins And Polysaccharides Of Plant Cells, Stuart Craig, Patricia J. Moore, Terri G. Dunahay

Scanning Microscopy

This paper illustrates post-embedding immunogold labelling of protein and polysaccharide molecules of plant cells. For EM studies, one is restricted (for most plant cells) to the post-embedding approach because the surrounding cell wall prevents access of antibodies (and secondary gold-tagged markers) to internal sites. The large size of many plant cells also does not lend itself to diffusional entry of antibodies. The molecules localized include seed storage proteins that are large and present in major quantities, a smaller less abundant, water soluble albumin, an oxygen-binding protein, components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, and complex sugars from the cell wall. …

Low Temperature Techniques In Biomedical Microanalysis, Romuald Wróblewski, Joanna Wroblewski, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

Many diseases are associated with a change in the distribution of diffusible ions at the cell or tissue level. These diseases can profitably be studied by X-ray microanalysis. This technique for the study of ion distribution requires the use of cryoprepared specimens. Analysis at low or medium resolution can be carried out on thick or semi-thick cryosections, or on frozen-hydrated or freeze-dried embedded bulk samples. Such analyses are particularly useful in the initial stages of an investigation, or when many data from a large number of samples have to be acquired. Quantitative analysis is then usually carried out with the …

Endotoxin: A Twofold Effect On Bone Marrow Ultrastructure, T. Hirahata, D. Bjorkman, J. K. Chamberlain

Scanning Microscopy

Ultrastructural studies of mouse bone marrow reveal that reduction of the marrow-blood barrier precedes the two waves of leukocytosis which follow endotoxin administration. These ultrastructural changes include a decrease in adventitial cover of the marrow sinus wall, an increase in sinus circumference, and a decrease in endothelial cell overlap. The marrow-blood barrier changes which precede the first wave of leukocytosis are transient and are associated with depletion of marrow granulocytes. The changes that precede the second wave of leukocytosis 5 to 6 days later are more sustained and are associated with marked granulocyte hyperplasia. We suggest that endotoxin has two …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Ectomycorrhizae Potential And Limitations, H. B. Massicotte, L. H. Melville, R. L. Peterson

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has added considerably to an understanding of the morphology of ectomycorrhizae. Features of the mantle of mature ectomycorrhizae have been studied most frequently. There is considerable variation in arrangement of hyphae and therefore in the appearance of the outer mantle. This variation is due primarily to the fungal symbiont although the host genome may also influence this feature. The Hartig net has been studied from fractured ectomycorrhizal roots and, in the present study, from fractured cryopreserved specimens; general features of the interaction between Hartig net hyphae and contiguous root cells have been described. There are few …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination Of Archaeological Wood Microstructure Altered By Consolidation Treatments, P. B. Hatchfield, R. J. Koestler

Scanning Microscopy

The scanning electron microscope was used in a study of consolidative treatments for archaeological wooden objects. The surfaces of specimens taken from ancient Egyptian wood artifacts (Dynasty XII, ca. 1991-1786 B.C.) were examined for evidence of microstructural deterioration prior to consolidation with paraffin wax, a typical field treatment. The microstructural appearance of wood subjected to treatments used in conservation was investigated. The distribution of a wax and an acrylic resin used in consolidation was studied, as well as the success of consolidant removal by solvent extraction, and the effects of further treatment with an acrylic resin.

SEM examination revealed significant …

Myogenesis In Vitro As Seen With The Scanning Electron Microscope, Y. Shimada, M. Komiyama, M. Shiozaki, Y. Isobe, S. Masuko

Scanning Microscopy

In this paper, we review our recent observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the differentiation of the cell surface and cytoplasmic organelles in embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells in vitro. The changes of the surface structures of myoblasts during mitosis were essentially similar to those of other cell types, but the characteristic spindle shape of myoblasts did not change throughout most of this period. Cytoskeletal structures under the sarcolemma were examined by Triton extraction and metal coating. Cells in S, G₂ and M possessed a dense, and those in G₁ a loose filament network under the …

The Use Of Scanning Electron Microscopy In Studying Enamel Caries, R. P. Shellis, A. S. Hallsworth

Scanning Microscopy

SEM studies related to carious change in dental enamel are reviewed, and their contribution to understanding the mechanism of formation of the early enamel lesion and of its repair evaluated. SEM has contributed significantly to understanding the mechanism of enamel dissolution at the level of the single crystal. Etching studies have yielded useful information on the effect of enamel structure on the pattern of acid dissolution at the microscopic level and have highlighted the importance of re- precipitation phenomena in modifying the pattern of mineral loss. High-resolution studies have provided interesting quantitative data on changes in crystal size, and also …

Early Cardiogenesis In The Newt Embryo, R. Hirakow, S. Komazaki, T. Hiruma

Scanning Microscopy

The migration of cardiogenic cells and the formation of a tubular heart in newt embryos were examined mainly by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cardiogenic cells are known to localize at the border region of lateral mesoderm migrating in the space between the ectoderm and the endoderm. They initially (before stage 20 or mid-neurula) appeared to attach to the basal surface of the ectoderm, whereas later (after stage 22 or late neurula) they changed their scaffold to the endoderm. On the scaffold cell surface, very fine fibrils of extracellular matrix (ECM) were found. These fibrils were proved to be composed partly …

Impact Of Development On Traditional Pastoralism In Somalia, Abdulkadir A. Handulle

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The Somali pastoral nomads live in an environmental condition of risk and uncertainty. The scarce and unreliable rainfall is the primary element ·which determines the existence of nomadic pastoralism. The lands devoted to pastoralism in Somalia are those arid and semi-arid areas that could not sustain cropping, so that pastoralism may be considered the only rational utilization of the land resource. Nomads live in an environment where the survival of both animals and plants are constrained by many factors such as droughts. Yet, both nomads and their animals have evolved by learning numerous adaptive strategies to cope with their harsh, …

Mechanism Of Action Of Syringomycin On The Red Beet Plasma Membrane, Ashok P. Bidwai

Biology

Syringomycin is a peptide toxin produced by the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. It is a major virulence factor produced by this organism and is involved in the development of a number of destructive plant diseases. Syringomycin preferentially stimulated the vanadate sensitive ATPase associated with the plasma membrane of red beet. The stimulation of ATPase activity was not due to a collapse of the ion gradients or to a detergent like breakdown of the membranes. Ionophores did not affect the stimulation of ATPase activity. Deoxycholate eliminated the ability of the toxin to stimulate ATPase activity, and the Zwittergent 3-14 …

A Revision Of The Genus Nomada Subgenus Nomadita Of North America (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae), Derek Kyle Broemeling

Biology

The North American portion of the subgenus Nomadita of the genus Nomada is revised. Six species and 2 subspecies are recognized, including the new species timberlakei and the new subspecies snowii arriolaense. Nomada antonita Cockerell is placed in synonymy with snowii snowii. Nomada rodecki Mitchell is removed from the subgenus Nomadita and placed in the subgenus Nomada. The Eurasian species of Nomadita are discussed. A new subgenus, Asteronomada is described based upon Nomada adducta Cresson with new species brewsterae, durangoae, and portalensis described.

The Effects Of Temperature Tempering And Transport Stress On Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri), Kevin Dee Christopherson

Biology

The effects of capture, handling, and the high fish density of transport were compared with the added stressor of a temperature change or a brief hypoxic period. Temperatures from 5°C to 19°C were tested on fish acclimated to 14°C. The effects of a 30 minute and 60 minute temper were compared with a sudden temperature change. Plasma osmolality, plasma chloride, plasma glucose and hematocrit, all responded to the handling and simulated transport. Numbers of circulating lymphocytes were greatly reduced and numbers of erythocytes increased. The mean corpuscular volume of the erythocytes also declined over a 24 hour period. Leucocrit, thrombocyte …

Resistance Frequency To Trichlorfon And Permethrin In Lygus Hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) Populations Estimated By Bioassays, Electrophoresis, And Colorimetric Tests, Boubacar Hassane

Biology

Monitoring and early detection is critical to resistance management. Diagnostic tests such as colorimetric spot tests and electrophoresis are very efficient techniques in accurately distinguishing between resistant and susceptible individuals. All biological assays were conducted by simple contact exposure in vials containing different concentrations of trichlorfon and/or permethrin (0.01 to 30ug/vial). Vials used for control in bioassays were treated with acetone only. Synergist ratio (SR), percent synergism (%S) and log percent synergism (L%S) were calculated to determine synergism effects by four synergists: S, S, S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), diethyl maleate (DEM), piperonyl butoxide (PB) and triphenyl phosphate (TP). DEF proved to …

Studies Of The Proteinase Activities Of Streptococcus Lactis And S. Cremoris, Fahad Ali Khayat

Biology

Twelve proteinase positive (Prt+) and twelve proteinase negative (Prt-) variant pairs of Streptococcus cremoris and three Prt+ and three Prt- variant pairs of S. lactis were assayed for proteolysis in milk using spectrophotometric o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Both methods separated Prt+ and Prt- cultures. The TNBS data range was wider between Prt+ and Prt- strains and thus greater differentiation was possible. The correlation of determination (R2) between OPA and TNBS methods was 0.88 with a coefficient of variation (CV) within of 2.2 and 3.0%. The data were compared to a cell mass increase method. The R2 between …

Attempts At In Vitro Synthesis Of The B875 Light Harvesting Polypeptides Of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Using Recombinant Escherichia Coli Plasmid Pss2, Kevin Seeley

Biology

The purpose of this work was to attempt to synthesize, in vitro, the B875 light harvesting proteins of Rhodobacter sphaeroides from a PBR322 derived recombinant plasmid named pSS2. Large scale plasmid purification of both the recombinant plasmid and pBR322 was performed. Restriction digest patterns indicated that the extracted plasmids were the correct size and construction. An in vitro DNA directed-coupled transcription-translation protein synthesis was developed from extracts of either R. sphaeroides or Escherichia coli. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) protein precipitation techniques were used to determine the protein synthesis activities of the extracts and plasmids. The concentration optimum for magnesium …

Localization Of Dictyostelium Plasmids By Chromatin Analysis, Hassan Ashktorab

Biology

Nuclear localization of endogenous plasmids in the cellular slime molds Dictyostelium discoideum and Dictyostelium mucoroides was investigated. Micrococcal nuclease resistant DNA fragments fractionated by gel electrophoresis were present in a banded pattern corresponding to lengths of multiples of approximately 160 bp that have been associated with nucleosome structure in D. discoideum. The same pattern was observed for the plasmids Ddp1 and Ddp2 in D. discoideum as for chromosomal DNA (discoidin genes) and extrachromosomal rDNA (17 S rRNA genes). The presence of the D. discoideum plasmids in chromatin establishes that they are located in the nucleus. Both transcribed and nontranscribed …

Utah State University Commencement, 1987 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-Fourth Annual Commencement of Utah State University

An Analysis Of Dna Polymorphisms In Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, Brian K. Moloney

Biology

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a bone disease characterized by multiple benign bone tumors which develop only during active skeletal growth. Previous studies have demonstrated an autosornal dominant pattern of inheritance. In this study, several cellular oncogenes and human chromosomal fragments were used as probes to identify any restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the genomes of HME affected horses and humans. Sequences homologous to the human oncogenes c-fes, c-myb, c-myc, c-raf-1 and c-sis were identified in the horse genome. Polymorphisms were identified using c-raf-1 hybridized to Bam HI and Pst I digested horse DNA, but neither appeared linked to HME. …

The Identification And Characterization Of Extracellular Components Of Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum Which Display Differential Elicitor Activity In Bean, Craig S. Tepper

Biology

Certain extracellular components from the α race of Colletotrichum Iindemuthlanum exhibit differential elicitor activity in bean cultivars. Purification of a race extracellular components by a variety of chromatographic techniques has revealed elicitor activity in components with different chemical compositions. One class of elicitors, which does not adsorb to DEAE-Sephadex or CM-Sephadex is a carbohydrate-rich complex containing galactose (17%), glucose (38%), and mannose (45%). This purified elicitor induced high accumulations of phenolics, phytoalexins (kievitone, phaseollinisoflavan and phaseollin) and mRNA's corresponding to the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase in incompatible bean cultivars (Dark Red Kidney and Tennessee Green Pod). Very little …

Expert System Technology And Concept Instruction: Training Educators To Accurately Classify Learning Disabled Students, Mary Anne Prater

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many learning disabled student being served by the public school systems have been inaccurately classified. Training and research efforts are needed to assist members of the multidisciplinary team in making more accurate learning disabilities classification decisions.

CLASS.LD2, a computer-based expert system, was designed to assist multidisciplinary teams by providing second-opinion advice regarding the appropriateness of a learning disabilities classification for individual student cases. The existing expert system, CLASS.LD2, was combined with strategies for effective concept instruction to create an instructional package entitled LO.Trainer.

The purpose of this study was (a) to develop a computer-based instructional package combining expert system technology …

A Study Of The Relationships Between Hemispheric Asymmetries And Intellectual Abilities, Anne Mcshane

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the functional significance of cerebral asymmetries. Width measurements of the human brain were derived from computerized tomographic (CT) films and related to intellectual variables as determined by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised (WAIS-R). Subjects were adults of both sexes who had been referred for neurologic examination and were diagnosed as having no abnormalities (N=28). Reasons for referral included headache, dizziness, or to rule out central nervous system damage following various types of trauma. The asymmetry of hemispheric widths (left minus right) in the frontal, temporoparietal, and occipital areas was correlated with Verbal IQ minus Performance IQ …

Petrology Of The Middle Cambrian Langston And Ute Formations In Southeastern Idaho, Daniel T. Rogers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Middle Cambrian Langston and Ute formations were studied in the northern portion of the Bear River Range and the south-central part of the Portneuf Range in southeastern Idaho.

The rocks of the Langston and Ute formations were divided into 17 different rock types. The 17 rock types were formed within four recognizable lithofacies: I) Shoal - or Coastal-Peritidal Carbonate Complex; 2) Agitated Shoal; 3) Inner Marine Shelf; and 4) Outer Marine Shelf. Clastic sediments belonging to the Spence Shale Member of the Langston Formation (outer marine shelf) were deposited over the carbonate complex. A transgressive sequence marks the base …

Effects Of Grazing Intensity By Sheep On The Production Of Atriplex Nummularia And Sheep Live Weight In Jordan, Kamal I. Tadros

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rangelands in Jordan are deteriorated due to a combination of harsh environmental conditions and human misuse. Jordan is importing increasingly large quantities of meat and animal products to meet the demand from its growing population. Sheep are supplementarily fed during the dry season and large quantities of grain supplements are imported every year.

Significant success has been attained in the establishment of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (ATNU) in Jordan. There is, however, a general lack of adequate research to determine if ATNU is effectively utilized by local sheep, to what extent it is utilized and to what extent it tolerates grazing. …

Pms: Bi-Phasic Differences In Personality And Marital Relations Among A Clinical Sample, Donna R. Rogers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a controversial and widely misunderstood syndrome which encompasses mood, behavior, and physical symptoms that occur cyclically and are associated with the menstrual cycle. Many women report suffering from recurring PMS symptoms severe enough to create a temporary physical or mental incapacitation which may affect the marital relationship. A study was initiated to document bi-phasic personality and marital changes related to PMS.

This sample consisted of 119 adult females and their husbands, ranging in age between 18 and 60, who sought diagnosis and treatment at the Utah PMS Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. Within this clinical …

The Multidimensional Concept Of Religiosity And Its Application To The Construction Of Mormon Religiosity Scales, Jeff Black

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Until the 1960's, the concept of religiosity in sociology was very underdeveloped. Although many earlier social scientists were interested in religion, the concept of religiosity was conceptually and theoretically unsophisticated. Religiosity or religiousness was most often determined by church attendance or sometimes simply church membership. In the last two decades, much has been done to rectify this condition.

Utilization Of Crested Wheatgrass Plants By Cattle Under Several Grazing Regimes, Patricia Selann Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Patterns of grazing on individual crested wheatgrass plants were studied using scale maps of plant basal outlines within randomly located plots. The occurrence and extent (part of plant grazed, stubble height) of grazing on each plant was recorded on the maps at two and three day intervals throughout a grazing treatment. Allometric equations for estimating phytomass from plant photosynthetic volume were generated using nonlinear regression analysis. Equations were specific to year. The percent weight remaining in the stubble of a grazed plant was estimated using a second-order polynomial equation relating cumulative percent plant height to cumulative percent plant weight. A …

Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, And Food Practices Of Women Of Childbearing Age And Their Preschool Children In Northeast Brazil, Susan Ahlstrom Henderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.

Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 …