Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Starter Cultures On Short-To Medium-Chain Free Fatty Acid Content And Sensory Properties Of Mutton Summer Sausage, Robert M. Essiaw-Quayson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of starter cultures on short- to medium-chain free fatty acid contents am sensory attributes of different batches of summer sausages were determined. The summer sausages were from range ram mutton, and formulated after grinding to contain 23% fat. Commercial starter cultures from different sources, including Micrococcus varians or Micrococcus species and Lactobacillus plantarum, commercial microbial lipase, an indigenous Micrococcus isolate or encapsulated lactic acid were used to prepare the summer sausages. Three batches were made, each batch receiving six different treatments.

Three consumer panels evaluated the sausages for acceptability and a trained screened panel evaluated the products …

Effects Of Exercise And Cheese Supplemented Diet On Cholesterol And Lipoprotein Fractions In Free-Living Young Human Subjects, Kathleen A. Gabel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg …

Factors Affecting The Sprouting Response Of Woody Caatinga Species And Their Implications For Improved Caatinga Management, Linda Howell Hardesty

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In northeast Brazil grazing is a major use of much of the semiarid woodlands (caatinga). Animal production is limited by lack of dry season forage, primarily deciduous tree leaves. Management is constrained by the persistence of undesirable trees that sprout from the stump (coppice). This study evaluates the possibility of manipulating coppicing trees to improve caatinga management, particularly dry season forage production.

The season of cutting can influence coppicing. Trees were cut early and late in the wet and dry seasons. After two years, trees of all species cut in the late wet season produced less biomass than those cut …

Anglers' Attitudes Toward The Fisheries Management Policies Of The Logan And Blacksmith Fork Rivers, Utah, Larry Edwin Riley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the summer of 1986, anglers along three sections of the Logan and Blacksmith Fork Rivers, Utah were surveyed as to their attitudes toward fish stocking, habitat improvement, and wild trout management policies. Information concerning socio-demographic characteristics and ang ling values were ascertained as well. Data were cross tabulated to determine which of the variab les influence anglers' attitudes toward spec ifi c fisheries manage ment policies and the type of angling opportunity provided.

The analysis of data show d differences between the types of anglers using the three sample sections. The data showed that variables such as preferred angling …

Mechanism Of Iron Transport In Mycelia Sterilia Ep-76, Jonathan P. Adjimani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The cyclic trihydroxamic acid, N, N', N' '-triacetylfusarinine C, produced by Mycelia sterilia EP-76, is shown to be a ferric ionophore for this organism. The association constant for ferric-N, N', N' '-triacetylfusarinine C complex was determined to be log K=32.5. Other iron chelating agents, such as rhodotorulic acid, citric acid, or the monomeric subunit of triacetylfusarinine C, N-acetyl- fusarinine, delivered iron to the cells by an indirect mechanism involving iron exchange into triacetylfusarinine C. In vitro ferric ion exchange was found to be rapid with triacetylfusarinine C. Gallium uptake rates comparable to those of iron were observed with the chelating …

Comparative Study Of Elongated Chromosomes In Sheep And Goats And A Proposed Standard, Stephen H. Mensher

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A cell synchronization technique was used that consistently yielded numerous elongated chromosomes, which are necessary for producing high-resolution G-banding. The prometaphase stage of contraction was determined to have the greatest utility for detailed comparative analysis and, therefore, was used in the preparation of the proposed standard high-resolution karyotypes and idiogram.

A proposed standard high-resolution G-band karyotype of the domestic sheep and goat is presented, along with a high-resolution G-band idiogram of the goat. The karyotypes presented contain considerably more bands than contemporary karyotypes and provide much greater resolution for linear differentiation. The X chromosome of the sheep is acrocentric, rather …

An Improved Method For Transferring Nucleic Acids To Nylon Membranes, Bruce D. Parker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Methods currently in use for the separation and identification of specific segments of nucleic acids involve long transfer periods or elaborate apparatuses and result in the production of a single blot. Contamination by organisms or enzymes is always a factor to be dealt with. An improved method for transferring nucleic acids from acrylamide or agarose gels for use in hybridization has been developed. This method uses NaOH as the blotting medium to improve the rate and efficiency of transfer to nylon membranes. As many as six blots can be obtained within one hour using this method. This method is effective …

Disturbed Alpine Ecosystems: Seedling Establishment Of Early And Late Seral Dominant Species, Jeanne C. Chambers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined the effects of seedbed and seedling environment on establishment of early and late seral dominant alpine species. Species studied included late seral dominant forbs (Geum rossii, Artemisia scopulorum, and Polemonium viscosum), early seral dominant forbs (Potentilla diversifolia and Sibbaldia procumbens), a late seral dominant grass (Festuca idahoensis), and early seral dominant grasses (Calamagrostis purpurascens and Deschampsia cespitosa). Germination responses of each species to wet vs. dry cold stratification and light vs. dark conditions were investigated. No statistical differences were observed in the seed germination of early and late …

Autecological And Grazing Control Studies Of Dyers Woad (Isatis Tinctoria L.) On Northern Utah Rangelands, Kassim O. Farah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) is a noxious weed on northern Utah rangelands. Chemical and mechanical means of control are unsuitable for rangelands. A potential alternative, biological control, is difficult due to a lack of basic ecological information. To remedy this, some aspects of the population biology and autecolgy of dyers woad were studied. The feasibility of controlling dyers woad by early spring grazing was also investigated via clipping experiments.

A population study followed the survivorship of experimentally established populations over two years. Fall germinating individuals (1984) overwintered as rosettes twice and all survivors reproduced successfully. Spring germinating individuals …

Causes Of Seeding Failure Within The Tooele Fire Rehabilitation Project In Northwestern Utah, Jeffrey S. Murphy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The original purpose of this study was to examine the influences of ecological site, seeding method and planting season on rangeland seeding success within the Tooele Fire Rehabilitation Project (TFRP) in northwestern Utah. The major objective of the TFRP, designed by the USDI Bureau of Land Management, was to establish a permanent cover of 'Nordan' crested wheatgrass (Aqropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes), 'Luna' pubescent wheat grass (Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) and 'Alkar' tall wheatqrass (Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) on approximately 20,000 ha of rangeland burned by a wildfire in …

Ultrafiltration: Retentate-Permeate Partitioning Of Milk Constituents, Eric Douglas Bastian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and preacidification of milk on the partition of specific milk components between retentate and permeate was studied. Percent retention (for any component Y) was determined as:

[1 - (%Y in soln. permeate/%Y in soln. retentate)] X 100 where %Y in soln. = [%Y / (%Y + %H₂O)]

Simultaneous samples of retentate and permeate were taken at several points during each process. Percent retention of total solids, fat, total protein, rennet clottable nitrogen, lactose, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, phosphorous, and riboflavin was determined at each sampling point. Percent retention of β-carotene, vitamin B …

Cholesterol-Lowering Of Pantethine Is Due To The Hydrolysis Product Cysteamine, Caran Graves

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pantethine, a precursor of coenzyme A, has been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The enzyme pantetheinase rapidly hydrolyzes pantethine to the vitamin pantothenic acid and the amino thiol cysteamine.

This study was designed to compare the effect of cysteamine and pantothenate supplementation with that of pantethine on hypercholesterolemic rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 5 weeks; treatment groups received only the high cholesterol diet (control), or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 1% pantethine, or an equimolar amount of pantothenic acid or cystamine (the disulfide of cysteamine). Blood samples were …

Plasmid-Linked Maltose Utilization In Lactobacillus Spp. Isolated From Meat, Mei-Ling Liu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Five strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and four strains of Lactobacillus species isolated from fresh meat were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. All strains examined contained between one and five plasmids ranging in molecular mass from 1.3 to 51.6 (Mdal). Plasmid-curing experiments suggest that maltose utilization is associated with a 51 Mdal plasmid in Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and 42 Mdal plasmids in Lactobacillus spp. DB27, DB28, DB31. Southern blot DNA-DNA hybridization showed homology between the maltose plasmid from Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and several plasmids from the other Lactobacillus spp.

Fluoride Content In Home-Canned Fruits In Utah, Sydney Ann Mcdonald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not canning fruit using fluoridated water made a difference in the fluoride contents of the juice and the pulp. Four cities in Utah were chosen. Two cities were fluoridated (Brigham City and Helper) and two cities were not fluoridated (North Ogden and Price). Three homes were chosen within each city, and three jars of canned fruit (one jar each of apricots, cherries, and peaches) were selected from each home. The fruit samples were freeze-dried, and then the fluoride was measured with a fluoride ion electrode. A difference was found in …

Cottage Cheese From Ultrafiltered Skimmilk By Direct Acidification, Jorge Ricardo Ocampo-Garcia

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pasteurized skimmilk at 4°C was acidified to pH 5.8 with 85.5% phosphoric acid (136g H₃PO₄/100 kg skimmilk), then warmed to 54°C and ultrafiltered to a protein concentration 9.1 ± 0.2%. The retentate was heated to 76.5°C for 16 s then cooled to 2°C. Phosphoric acid (85.5%) was added at a rate of 3.41g per kg retentate. The acidified retentate was slowly warmed to 29.5°C (3°C/5 min) when the pH was checked. The pH at this point was no lower than 5.4. Heating was continued until a temperature of 32.2°C was reached. Glucono delta lactone was added …

The Effect Of Ultrafiltration On Protein Quality Of Skimmilk And Cottage Cheese, Rita Y. Y. Tung

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein quality in freeze-dried skimmilk (SM), regular cottage cheese (RCC), retentate (Ret) and cottage cheese made from ultrafiltrated skimmilk (UFCC) were evaluated by chemical (amino acid score) and biological methods. Biological evaluation was at 5, 8 and 11% protein level in growing rats by measuring biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU) and nitrogen efficiency for growth (NEG) over a 14-day period. A 28-day protein efficiency ratio (PER) was determined on the same products at 10% protein level. Effects of added lactose on PER of retentate, regular and UFCC were also evaluated. The most limiting amino acids were cystine + …

Iron Bioavailability Of Meat:Bread Mixtures And Meat Loaves Fed To Anemic And Healthy Rats, Abdullah M. Thannoun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To study the effect of meat (beef) on dietary iron bioavailability from enriched white bread (EWB) or whole wheat bread (WWB), diets were prepared in which the ratios of beef iron to bread iron were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 or 0:100. Hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE), apparent iron absorption, and dry matter absorption were determined using weanling anemic and healthy male rats.

Meat iron was more available than EWB or WWB. Fortification iron in EWB was less available than the iron naturally present in WWB. At the iron dose given, HRE was similar for both anemic and healthy rats. Although healthy …

Parent-Adolescent Sexual Attitude Congruence In Relation To Adolescent Sexual Intercourse Experience, John Kelly Mccoy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Survey data from 472 adolescents (ages 14-19) and their parents were analyzed to examine the relationship that existed between the premarital sexual attitudes of parents and the sexual behavior of their adolescents. The attitudes of the adolescents and their parents were measured using Likert type questions about sexual Intercourse prior to marriage. The sexual behavior of adolescents was based on the responses of the adolescents regarding their frequency of necking, petting, and sexual Intercourse. The relationship between adolescents' sexual behavior and parents' attitudes was examined using several different conceptual models. The amount of attitude agreement that mothers and fathers had …

Measuring Natural Resource Scarcity Under Common Property Environment And Uncertainty: An Interpretive Analysis, Soumendra N. Ghosh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The issue of natural resource scarcity has so far been addressed in the literature on the basis of various measures such as the unit cost of production, the relative market price, and the shadow price of a resource. Although it has been recognized that there exists some kind of jointness (sometimes inseparable) between an extractible resource and its surrounding environment, none of the measures, either theoretically or empirically, have included this concern.

In order to extract and use a natural resource (e.g., coal) the environment (air, water, etc.) must also be used as a repository of the discharged wastes (e.g., …

The Effect Of An Early Sensorimotor Intervention Program On The Development Of Infants With Perinatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Janet Millard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Our current ability to identify and appropriately treat infants who are at risk for developing various handicapping conditions is limited. Thus, research aimed at developing early diagnostic techniques and differential intervention programs for infants at risk for handicaps needs further attention. The purpose of this study was to determine if infants who suffered perinatal intraventricular hemorrhage and who received routine medical care plus sensorimotor intervention between 3 and 12 months of age, differed from similar infants who received only routine medical care.

Twenty-four subjects (10 experimental and 14 control) who were patients in neonatal intensive care at University of Utah …

N2-Fixation In Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Seedlings And Rhizobium Meliloti L. Grown In Vitro Under Salt And Drought Stresses, Ramzi Muhiddin Mohamad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., cultivars, breeding lines and germplasm releases (populations) and Rhizobium meliloti L. strains that exhibit nitrogen fixation efficiency and tolerance to salinity and drought stresses should enhance seedling establishment, increase yields, reduce nitrogen dependency on petroleum-based nitrogen fertilizers, and allow wider use of irrigated lands in semiarid and a rid regions. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine relative salt (sodium chloride -- NaCl) tolerance: l) during germination and early seedling growth of 229 alfalfa populations from North Africa, the Middle East and the United States, 2) survival and growth of 92 rhizobial strains obtained from different …

Effects Of Drought On The Survival Of Rhizobium Leguminosarum Biovar Trifolii And The Nodulation Of Subterranean Clover In An Acid Soil, Carmen Bueno

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-nine Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strains were tested for acidity tolerance in acidified liquid medium. Only 41% of the strains grew at pH 4.1. One acid-tolerant strain, USDA 2160, and one acid-sensitive strain, 162-X-103 from Nitragin Co., were inoculated on seeds of 'Nungarin', 'Seaton Park' and 'Clare' subclover cultivars. The inoculated and pelleted seeds were sown in potted Cluff soil with pH 5.7. Three desiccation levels were imposed by delaying watering for 0, 15 or 30 days. Four gravimetric soil water contents (6.0, 6.6, 10.5 and 12.5%) were maintained under a greenhouse line-source sprinkler system for 7 weeks. The desiccation …

Compounds In Bovine Urine Which Change In Concentration During The Estrous Cycle: Possible Pheromones, Scott Kay Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the last thirty years it has become increasingly apparent that pheromones play a major role in animal communication. Of economic interest to agriculturalists is the role pheromones play in signaling the state of estrus. The ability to efficiently detect estrus is becoming increasingly important, especially in the management of dairy and beef herds, where artificial insemination is used extensively. The understanding of pheromones may eventually provide a solution to this problem.

The purpose of this study was to identify one or more compounds in the urine of cattle which undergo a change in concentration during the estrous cycle.

In …

Analysis Of The Effects Of Inhaled Diesel Exhaust On The Alveolar Intravascular And Interstitial Cellular Components Of Rodent Lungs, M. A. Wallace, S. O. Salley, M. I. Barnhart

Scanning Microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the effect of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) on the intravascular and interstitial cellular population of the lungs of exposed rats and guinea pigs. Animals with matched controls were subjected to environments of either 250, 750, 1500 or 6000 μg/m³ for either 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 10 weeks or 18 months. These animals were sacrificed immediately following the exposure periods and their lungs perfused with fixative. Following dissection, random stratified biopsies from the lungs of these animals were made. Ultrathin sections from the alveolar lung were prepared and conventionally processed for TEM …

Development Of An Ultra High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope By Means Of A Field Emission Source And In-Lens System, Takashi Nagatani, Shoubu Saito, Mitsugu Sato, Mitsuhiko Yamada

Scanning Microscopy

An ultra high resolution scanning electron microscope, which is composed of a cold cathode field emission gun and an in-lens system for specimens, has been developed. Probe size is estimated 0.8nm at 30kV by calculation and confirmed experimentally using high atomic number samples such as fine Pt particles sputter-coated on carbon. Three stage ion pumps for the column and a turbo molecular pump for the specimen chamber have been used for a totally dry vacuum system. Applications for fine metal oxide particles and biological samples observed directly without any metal coating, and applications chosen especially to show lower voltage performance, …

X-Ray Microscopy And X-Ray Imaging, R. E. Burge, A. G. Michette, P. J. Duke

Scanning Microscopy

Within a framework of an overview of the current status and potential of X-ray microscopy, a description is given of the development of the King's College scanning instrument which produced its first images in September, 1986. The instrument was mounted on the newly-built undulator beam line at the UK Science and Engineering Research Council's SRS synchrotron. There are consequently three sites worldwide where high-resolution X-ray microscopes with zone-plate optics are in operation. The other sites are BESSY-Berlin and NSLS-Brookhaven.

Tooth Eruption: The Regulation Of A Localized, Bilaterally Symmetrical Metabolic Event In Alveolar Bone, S. C. Marks Jr.

Scanning Microscopy

Tooth eruption is a complicated process by which developing teeth are moved within the jaws to their functional position. The usual model chosen to study this process, the erupted rodent incisor, differs both structurally and functionally from the human dentition and conclusions drawn from these studies are not directly applicable to tooth eruption in human beings. We have studied the eruption of developing permanent premolars in dogs and present evidence by scanning electron microscopy for regional differences in metabolic activities on bone surfaces of the crypt during eruption. We review evidence that these polarizations of alveolar bone metabolism are cell-mediated, …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Growth Cartilage After Rapid Freezing, Low Temperature Freeze Drying And Embedding In Resin, J. Appleton

Scanning Microscopy

This paper reviews the work undertaken on the X-ray microanalysis of growth cartilage particularly in relation to matrix calcification. Attention is focused on the methodology available to accurately localize and retain the elements of interest. A method is described which involves rapid freezing, low temperature freeze drying in a custom built device, and embedding in Spurr resin. The results show that little tissue damage occurs and that elements of physiological interest are accurately localized at the sub-cellular level. Where damage occurs to chondrocytes as a result of freezing, however, dense intra mitochondrial granules are seen suggesting a phase transformation takes …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vascular Corrosion Casts In Comparative Studies On Renal Vascular Structure, H. Ditrich, H. Splechtna

Scanning Microscopy

In comparative microcorrosion casting studies on renal vascular systems the following demands should be met: The preparation procedure (anaesthesia, operation, flushing of the blood vascular system, ...) should be in accord with the specific physiological properties of the animal under investigation and the casting procedure (injection, curing, maceration, ...) should be kept constant as far as possible. If these points are considered, comparative data, even of quantitative nature, can be obtained from corrosion casts. Examples of results at the organ, single vessel and intercellular level as well as correlation of the results with physiological data are given.

Scanning Electron Microscopy In Oral Mucosal Research: A Review, A. Kullaa-Mikkonen

Scanning Microscopy

This review paper highlights some aspects of the contribution of SEM in the field of oral mucosa research. These include 1) different preparative techniques, 2) structure of the oral mucosa and its role in normal function, 3) advances in oral microbiology, 4) development of the oral mucosal epithelium, 5) pathological diagnosis and 6) morphometry.

There are four main ways to study the oral mucosa with SEM; biopsy (autopsy) samples, smears, replica technique, and cell culture techniques. The structural studies can be divided as studies of the surface structure of the superficial cells of the oral mucosa and studies of the …