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Utah Science Vol. 40 No. 4, December 1979

Utah Science

91 EXERCISE FOR DAIRY COWS Robert C. Lamb and Melvin J. Anderson The benefits in regularly exercising confined cows can be financial as well as physical.

94 TH E USU LACTIC CULTURE SYSTEM Gary H. Richardson, Gene L. Hong, and C. Anthon Ernstrom A new bacterium and procedure, both easily acquired, are revolutionizing the cheese industry.

100 TRADESCANTIA; A "SUPER-SNOOPER" OF RADIOACTIVITY FROM URANIUM MILL WASTES William F. Campbell and Eric A. Rechel A radioactively sensitive plant would have to adjust to increasing degrees of mutation and sterility if grown on uranium mill sites.

104 UTAH TURKEYS-A TEAM PRODUCTION Donald …

Utah Science Vol. 40 No. 3, September 1979

Utah Science

61 CLIMATOLOGICAL OUTLOOK FOR THE COMING YEAR E. Arlo Richardson

62 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES: WHERE DO THEY WANT TO LIVE? Stephen Kan , Michael B. Toney and William F. Stinner Young people are favoring country life to city living; a reverse in the trend of a decade ago.

64 CAN'T DIGEST MILK? THE CULPRIT MAY BE LACTOSE! Eileen D. Cowles and Bonita W. Wyse Intestinal upset from fluid milk can be avoided without nutritional deficiencies. Alternatives are listed .

66 SMALL AND PART-TIME FARMS IN UTAH Roice H. Anderson The economic status of the small farmer is analyzed using the …

Progress Report For The Dairy Research Advisory Board, Various Authors

Other Documents

No abstract provided.

Utah Science Vol. 40 No. 2, June 1979

Utah Science

31 ANALYZING INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES Larry K. Bond With inflation and promises for more difficult times ahead, wise investments are of great value to a farmer's future . An extension agent offers a practical approach to buying a granary.

32 FUTURF: A NEW TURF GRASS FOR UTAH'S DIXIE William F. Campbell The climatic extremes of Utah's Dixie present an Inhospitable environment for average turfgrasses. This scientist believes he has found a grass which will flourish there.

34 THE INTERMOUNTAIN HERBARIUM Mary E. Barkworth and Leila M. Shultz The accurate Identification of a plant species can often offer vital information directly influencing …

Should Dairymen Be Paid For Milk On The Basis Of Protein Content?, Rondo A. Christensen

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

In 1961, Professor George W. Trimberger, of Cornell University, pointed out the trend toward consumption of lowfat fluid milk and manufactured dairy products, the nutritional appeal of protein in milk, and the fact that protein in milk varies from herd to herd, and raised the question, "When will U. S. dairymen sell milk on the basis of protein content?"

Effects Of Oil Shale Leachate On Phytoplankton Productivity, Mary Louise Cleave

Biology

The effect of oil shale leachate and salinity additions on the productivity of freshwater algae were studied in the laboratory utilizing batch bioassays. These batch bioassays were used to screen variations of ten salts in single and multiple additions; water extractions of different processed and unprocessed oil shales; and the concentration effects of both the salts and the oil shale extractions on the productivity of standard test algae and indigenous algae from Lake Powell. The batch bottle bioassays were conducted following the standard algal assay procedure as closely as possible. Variations in the standard algal assay procedure included media variation …

Feeding Behavior And Habitat Selection Of Deer And Elk On Northern Utah Summer Range, William B. Collins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined feeding behaviors and habitat preferences of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) types. Specific purposes were 1) to determine where deer and elk, undisturbed by humans, prefer to graze and rest within these two types and 2) to consider what species- specific characteristics contribute to their differing forage and habitat preferences.

Tame free-ranging mule deer and elk were observed for 24-hour periods biweekly through summer to determine their grazing and resting preferences for various habitat subunits. …

Nutritional Understanding Of Preschool Children Taught In The Home And Child Development Laboratory, Thomas R. Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was devised to determine the readiness of preschool children to learn about basic concepts of nutrition. Sixty preschool children enrolled in the Utah State University Child Development Laboratory, comprised the sample. Twenty children were taught at home by parents, 20 were taught at the Laboratory, and 20 received no instruction. The curriculum was based on the concept of nutrient density and used the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) in developing instructional materials. INQ is an index for comparing the amount of nutrients to the amount of calories in a food. Food Profile Cards, visual representations of this information …

The Effects Of Added Dietary Fat On Turkey Carcass Composition, Steven Ray Jensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The turkey industry is concerned with the effects of added dietary fat on turkey carcass composition. Rations were formulated containing different levels of added dietary fat, both with and without an adjustment in dietary protein level. Orlopp 91 tom turkeys were fed diets containing 2 percent added fat (control), 4 percent added fat (energy/protein ratio constant with the control), 6 percent added fat (energy/protein ratio constant with the control), and a diet containing 6 percent added fat with a higher energy/protein ratio than the control.

Data collected in the study showed that the percent fat in the dry matter of …

Estimation Of The Pantothenic Acid Content Of Foods Using A Microbiological Assay And A Radioimmunoassay, Joan Howe Walsh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Seventy-five processed and prepared foods commonly consumed in the United States were analyzed for pantothenic acid. The foods were analyzed using the traditional microbiological assay for the vitamin and using a new radioimmunoassay (RIA).

The preparation of food sample extracts for both assays was modified. After the food samples underwent enzyme hydrolysis, the food-enzyme mixture was dialyzed to obtain a clear extract for use in the assays. Previously, the food-enzyme mixture was poured through filter paper for clarification.

A very high correlation (r²= .937) between the results from the RIA and the microbiological assay was found. There was …

An Evaluation Of Heat Treatment And Ultrafiltration Of Skim Milk For Increasing Cottage Cheese Yields, Rajagopalan Narasimhan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study involves two different approaches to increasing cottage cheese yields by the inclusion of whey proteins in the curd. They were the use of high heat treated skim milk and ultrafiltered skim milk retentates for cottage cheese making. Increasing the pasteurization temperature of skim milk from 61.8 to 79.4 C for 30 minutes resulted in 15.6% increase in cultured cottage cheese yields. However, the high heat cheese exhibited variable quality and was generally inferior to the control. Cheese making from high heat skim milk was done by cutting at the A.C. end point and using 30 ml of rennet …

Enlightening Consumer Nutrition Decisions: Comparison Of A Graphical Nutrient Density Labeling Format With The Current Food Labeling System, Kristy Gregerson Mohr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Providing consumers with usable nutrition information requires an effective labeling format. The objective of this study, which was conducted in a supermarket setting, was to determine whether consumers could, without previous instruction, make equally effective nutrition decisions using a graphic format based on nutrient density as when using the current labeling format. For comparison with other studies, a demographic, nutrition knowledge and nutrition labeling data base was collected. The questionnaire completed by each participating consumer included items regarding demographic data and shopping preferences, and questions evaluating nutrition knowledge for comparison as a data base with other studies. It also appraised …

Nutrient Intakes Of An Elderly Nursing Home Population, Gaynell Hutson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A dietary nutrient intake study of ninety-five residents of a nursing home in a rural community was conducted. Nutrient intakes were determined for seven consecutive days using the method of weighing food served and weighing food left by subjects. Patients on regular, diabetic, soft and sodium restricted diets were included in the study. Snacks consumed between meals and vitamin and mineral supplements were included in the nutrient intakes.

Height, weight, body mass index, tricept skinfold measurement and serum blood laboratory data were obtained for each subject. Activity levels were also determined.

Results showed the mean caloric intake of the men …

The Incidence Of Lactose Malabsorption Among Cache Valley Young Adults, Eileen Donna Cowles

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-four young adults, ages 18 to 30, from Cache Valley were studied to determine the incidence of lactose malabsorption. Lactose malabsorption was determined by a two-hour oral lactose tolerance test. The criteria for a malabsorber was a flat glucose curve in which there was a rise in serum glucose less than 20 mg. per 100 ml. above the fasting level. Four of the subjects were found to be lactose malabsorbers. The incidence of lactose malabsorption was determined to be 16.67 per cent. A 95 per cent confidence interval for this study indicated that the actual percentage could be expected to …

Isolation Of Bacteriophage Resistant Lactic Culture Strains With Known Temperature Sensitivity, Luna Ying-Chung Jeng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Seven strains of Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus lactis were tested for temperature sensitivity on a temperature gradient bar. A temperature of 37 C was the optimum for differentiating between temperature-sensitive and insensitive strains. Temperature-insensitive strains produced cell masses with absorbance values of 0.1 or higher and activity levels of 1.0 (expressed as a decrease in pH) or above at 37 C. Temperature-sensitive strains failed to produce these cell masses and activity levels.

Strain selection and resistant-mutant isolation made it possible to identify ten strains of Streptococci sufficiently free of phage sensitivity for use in a cheese plant rotation program. These …

Effects Of Social And Demographic Characteristics, Knowledge Of Coronary Heart Disease And Dietary Practices On The Level Of Serum Cholesterol, Wendy Whanghea Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of coronary heart disease and behavior variables on blood cholesterol concentration among 218 selected subjects in northern Utah communities.

The data were obtained from physicians' medical charts and a survey specifically designed for this study. A model was developed from an intensive review of literature and the current state of theoretical and empirical knowledge and was tested by means of path analysis. The model contained fourteen variables including familial coronary heart disease heredity, sex, age, the presence of disease(s), educational attainment, special dietary regimen, occupation, knowledge …

Production Of Quick-Cooking Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.): Investigations On Antinutrients And Quality, Vishalakshi G. Iyer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three bean varieties, namely, great northern, kidney, and pinto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), were subjected to several physico-chemical treatments to reduce their cooking time. Soaking in a combination of salt solutions (sodium chloride, 2.5 percent+ sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 percent+ sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.0 percent + sodium carbonate, 0.5 percent) resulted in 80-85 percent reduction in cooking time. Irradiation (Γ-rays) at 500 Krads of soaked and dehydrated beans caused nearly 50 percent reduction in cooking time. High temperatures (37 and 45°C) and pH (9.0) caused greater water imbibation and total solids loss than room temperature (22°C) and pH 7.0. Organoleptic evaluation of beans …

Investigations On Improvement Of Acceptability And Evaluation Of The Nutritive Value Of Processed Cabbage And Its Effects On The Tumorigenicity In Mice, Chareonsri Srisangnam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this investigation have been to study the acceptability and nutritive value of processed cabbage and to elucidate the effects of chronic administration of cabbage on the activity of a colon tumorigen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The organoleptic unacceptability of cabbage in spite of its high nutritional and economic values governed the choice of this cruciferous vegetable for this work.

Cabbage samples were blanched with steam, chemical solutions, and microwaves. Microwave blanching led to a "burnt spot" effect and to a relatively greater loss in weight of the vegetable. Blanching in solution involved boiling of cabbage with a chemical solution …

Growth Of Phytophthora Infestans Race 1.2.4 And Synthesis Of Steroid Glycoalkaloids By The Fungus In Synthetic Media, Melanie R. Maas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A chemically defined synthetic medium was developed in which Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary race 1.2.4 grew extensively. This medium consisted of: 90.0 grams maltose, 20.0 grams DL-alanine, 20.0 grams L-proline, 1.0 gram KNO₃, 0.5 gram KH₂PO₄, 0.25 gram MgSO_4. 7H₂O, 1.0 milligram thiamin per liter of distilled water. The average level of growth in this medium was 0.5864 gram dry weight mycelium per 50 milliliters medium.

The glycoalkaloids, solanidine and solanine, were synthesized by Phytophthora infestans in the above medium with 62.5 percent of the samples positive and an overall …

Cheese Flavor Development In Ultrafiltered Whole Milk Concentrates, David Long-Ying Hwang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The development of cheese flavor in ultrafiltered whole milk retentates was investigated. Acidified (pH 5.7) pasteurized whole milk was concentrated to 21% fat, 17% protein and 41% total solids, and then divided into six lots. Each lot was subdivided into three groups of two samples each. Each group was inoculated with one of three lactic cultures -- Streptococcus lactis C₆ , commercial mixed concentrated Marschall's MD294S or CCI299S. One sample in each group was treated with rennet and the other sample left rennet free. All samples were incubated at 30 C until the pH reached 5.2-5.1. Each of the …

Incorporating The Index Of Nutritional Quality In The Nutrition Education Of Wic Recipients, Mary J. Roth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate nutrition educational lessons and instructional materials based on the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). INQ is a graphic, nutrient density concept. The lessons and instructional materials were used in the nutrition education of pregnant women in the WIC Program. Six nutrition lessons were written utilizing the INQ concept. Lesson one emphasized the importance of the WIC supplemental foods and the recommended number of servings from the basic four food groups during pregnancy. Lessons two through six concerned the importance of the following nutrients during pregnancy: calcium, protein, iron, vitamin A …

Effects Of Acid Fermentation, Dry-Heat And Wet-Heat Processing On The Bioavailability Of Calcium, Iron And Fluoride In Mechanically-Deboned Beef, Tzy-Bin Nancy Tso

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mechanically-deboned beef shank (MDS) and hand-deboned beef shank (HDS) were prepared into thuringer (acid fermented), canned meat (retorted) and bologna (dry-heated). Raw meat and these products were then lyophilized and mixed into balanced diets and fed to weanling male rats for three weeks to evaluate the bioavailability of calcium, iron and fluoride. Bioavailability of calcium from MDS and its processed products was determined by feeding growing male rats with 5.01 to 5.53 g Ca/kg from MDS. HDS diets with 0.18 to 7.13 g Ca/kg added from calcium carbonate were also fed to rats for a relative comparison. The bioavailability of …

Nutritional Understanding Of Preschool Children Taught In The Home And Child Development Laboratory, Thomas R. Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was devised to determine the readiness of preschool children to learn about basic concepts of nutrition. Sixty preschool children enrolled in the Utah State University Child Development Laboratory, comprised the sample. Twenty children were taught at home by parents, 20 were taught at the Laboratory, and 20 received no instruction. The curriculum was based on the concept of nutrient density and used the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) in developing instructional mate rials. INQ is an index for comparing the amount of nutrients to the amount of calories in a food. Food Profile Cards, visual representations of this …

The Toxicity, Metabolism And Distribution Of Carbaryl In Three Species Of Labops With And Without Piperonyl Butoxide Treatment (Hemiptera:Miridae), Deifalla H. Osman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carbaryl toxicity, metabolism, and distribution in adults of three species of grass bugs from the genus Labops were studied in relation to species, sex, and treatment with piperonyl butoxide. LC₅₀ values for 8 hour exposure periods ranged from 0.02-0.14, 0.03-0.3, and 0.2-0.7 μg carbaryl/vial for L. utahensis, L. hirtus, and L. hesperius respectively. The males were more susceptible to carbaryl than females. Males of L. utahensis were more susceptible than L. hirtus and L. hesperius respectively.

The synergist difference values (LC₅₀ of carbaryl alone - LC₅₀ values of carbaryl after piperonyl butoxide treatment) were measured. …

Development And Validation Test Of A Mule Deer Habitat Rule, Glenn Gephart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A mathematical description of Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) habitat was developed and subjected to validation testing using correlation and multiple regression statistical techniques. Data were collected on a central Utah study area, which was divided into mountain and desert regions.

Data on deer utilization and several habitat components from 86 study plots visited in 1976 were used to develop a habitat rule. Data from 46 study plots visited in 1977 were used to test the accuracy of the rule. Deer utilization was determined from pellet group counts on 20 0.001 ha pellet plots at each …

Some Effects Of A Grazer, Hyalella Azteca On Ecosystem Level Properties In Aquatic Microcosms, Martin D. Werner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study to determine some ecosystem level effects of an aquatic invertebrate grazer, Hyalella azteca, was performed in aquatic ix microcosms. Impact of the grazer was assessed in three general areas: 1) inorganic nutrient levels of the microcosm water column, 2) productivity and respiration of the biotic community, and 3) plant community composition in the microcosms.

The grazing amphipod caused inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen (except ammonia) levels to be elevated in the microcosms. The increase was due, at least partially, to excretion of nutrients into the water by the amphipod. The presence of H. azteca did not significantly …

Effects Of Forage Availability On Voluntary Intake And Feeding Behavior Of Grazing Heifers, Anastasios S. Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forage intake by animals is an important factor in determining production of livestock products from rangelands. However, relatively little is known of effects of such forage variables as availability and distribution in space upon intake. Even less is known about how the grazing animal modifies its feeding tactics when confronted with diminishing or limited supplies of available forage and how such altered behavior may affect the animal's energetic cost for existence. Forage intake, body weight gain, grazing time and biting rate of Angus heifers was related to forage availability and plant height on semiarid crested wheatgrass rangeland during the late …

Population Limitation Of Jackrabbits: An Examination Of The Food Hypothesis, William R. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was conducted to examine the importance of forage resources in limiting peak population density of black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus). The research design combined field studies of jackrabbit diet and vegetation impact with computer simulation of herbivore nutrition and population dynamics. The relationships between available forage, dietary intake, energy and protein balance and population changes were compared for high and low population density. Hypotheses tested were : (1) Dietary composition is unaffected by availability above 10 kg/ha; (2) Jackrabbits do not require more forage than is available at high population densities; (3) Dietary composition is not significantly …

The Covalent Interaction Of Hepatic Metabolites Of The Insecticide Chlordane With Cellular Macromolecules In The Rat And Mouse In Vitro, Alan A. Brimfield

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This investigation addressed several aspects of the covalent interaction of metabolites of the insecticide chlordane with cellular macromolecules in vitro. Microsomal preparations from the liver of mice and rats were used and covalent binding to microsomal protein and RNA or to added calf thymus DNA was studied. Pure ¹⁴C-labelled cis- and trans-chlordane isomers as well as an isomeric mixture (¹⁴C-cis-chlordane plus ¹⁴C-trans-chlordane 3:1, w:w) were used as substrates for the in vitro system. Biochemical parameters investigated included inhibition of microsomal mixed-function oxidase and epoxide hydratase plus the induction of these enzymes by pretreatment with chlordane …

Linear Models For Estimating The Nutritive Value Of Sheep Diets, Michael L. Christiansen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Digestibility data were determined in 2 replications of a 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arranged experiment to: (1) determine the effects of forage type (grass vs alfalfa), forage maturity (late vegetative vs midbloom vs fullbloom), diet ingredients (forage only vs 50:50 forage plus corn), and diet texture (coarsely chopped vs pelleted) on the digestibility of diet chemical constituents by sheep; (2) develop equations to estimate digestible energy of sheep diets from nutrient content of the diet; and (3) compare popular chemical methods used to partition feed dry matter into fibrous and soluble components. Diets were fed to …