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Great Divide Resource Area Record Of Decision And Approved Resource Management Plan, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Land Management

Record of Decisions (WY)

This document records the decision made by the Bureau of Land Management for managing approximately 4 million acres of public land surface and 5 million acres of federal mineral estate administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the Great Divide Resource Area.

Utah Science Vol. 51 No. 4, Winter 1990

Utah Science

130 USU Researcher Help Mink Producers

133 Parasite Target of USU Research

136 Unraveling the Origin of Animal Appetites

144 Riding in Balance

147 Grain-Rich Diet Can Cripple Young Horses

148 Tracking the Causes of Airborne Cancer

150 ‘Octopus’ May Carry Genome-Free Vaccines

151 New Faculty

152 Birth Defects and Retinoic Acid

153 Scrapie: Cause Unkown But Control Possible

156 Food Safety and Chemical Contamination: Facts vs. Fantasy

162 Food Safety Then and Now

165 Food Safety and the Consumer: Making Informed Decisions

169 Allan Adam Receives USU Land Grant Hall of Fame A ward

170 Recent Grant and Contract …

General Catalog 1990-1992, Utah State University

University Catalogs

Contains course descriptions, University college calendar, and college administration.

Approach To Bioremediation Of Contaminated Surface Soils, J. L. Sims, Ronald C. Sims, J. E. Matthews

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Biological processes, including microbial degradation, have been identified as critical mechanisms for attenuating organic contaminants during transit through the vadose zone to the groundwater. On-site soil remedial measures using biological processes can reduce or eliminate groundwater contamination, thus reducing the need for extensive groundwater monitoring and treatment requirements. On-site remedial systems that utilize the soil as the treatment system accomplish treatment by using naturally occurring microorganisms to treat the contaminants. Treatment often may be enhanced by a variety of physical/chemical methods, such as fertilization, tilling, soil Ph adjustment, moisture control, etc. The development of a bioremediation program for a specific …

Utah Water Quality- Fertilizer Impact On Groundwater In Utah, Robert W. Hill, Howard Deer, Richard C. Peralta

All Archived Publications

Water quality has become the focal point of many decisions involving crop production. Crop production depends on specific inputs including fertilizer application. Without proper fertilization a farmer cannot achieve maximum economic returns. Crop yields in Utah have been increased over 50% by nitrogen fertilizer application alone. However, increasing nitrogen application beyond that needed for optimum economic return does more harm than good. This is especially true when groundwater concerns are addressed.

Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition: A Kinetic Study Using A Type I Collagen Gel Model, Gretchen S. Mandel, Paul B. Halverson, Melisa Rathburn, Neil S. Mandel

Scanning Microscopy

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease is characterized by deposits of triclinic (t) and monoclinic (m) CPPD crystals in articular and fibrocartilage. Many investigators have attempted to model CPPD crystal growth using both solution and a variety of gel systems. We have investigated the effect of type I collagen fibrils on CPPD crystal nucleation and growth using an ionic diffusion model. Collagen was isolated from porcine menisci using a pepsin solubilization procedure and gelled in three layers, with one containing 10 mM pyrophosphate (PPi) plus physiologic ions, the middle containing only the ions, while the third contained 25 mM …

Electron Microscopy Of Endothelial Cell - Biopolymer Interaction, Stuart K. Williams, Timothy Schneider, Bruce E. Jarrell

Scanning Microscopy

Vascular endothelial cells form a natural antithrombogenic lining on all blood vessels. Replacement or bypass of small diameter blood vessels with artificial polymeric grafts has not been clinically acceptable due to the thrombogenic nature of polymeric material. One approach to improving the patency of vascular prosthetic devices has been the establishment of endothelial monolayers on the blood flow surface using the technique known as seeding. Scanning electron microscopy has been a major tool in evaluating the interaction of endothelial cells with polymeric surfaces resulting in a basic understanding of forces and structures regulating endothelium-polymer interactions. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have …

Release Of Hemoglobin And Potassium From Human Red Blood Cells Treated With Triton X-100 Under The Critical Micellar Concentration, P. Bogner, M. Kellermayer, C. F. Hazlewood

Scanning Microscopy

The action of detergents is thought to be connected primarily with micelle formation. However, detergent monomers can also effect biological systems. It was found in this study that human red blood cells can be disintegrated with Triton X-100 non-ionic detergent at a concentration of 0.007 %, lower than the critical micellar concentration (CMC). The time dependent release of hemoglobin and potassium was detected at 37°C and both were sigmoid in character. Although potassium was released faster than hemoglobin, a cooperative relationship between potassium and hemoglobin within the intact red blood cell is suggested by this observation.

Properties Of A New Dental Porcelain, T. K. Vaidyanathan, J. Vaidyanathan, A. Prasad

Scanning Microscopy

A high strength dental porcelain OPTEC, HSP™ has recently been introduced for use in the fabrication of crowns, three-unit anterior bridges with a single pontic, inlays, on lays, veneers, etc., without a metal substrate. This investigation reports the results of our research involving the characterization of the structure properties and thermally induced transformations of this porcelain. It has been found that the material possesses superior strength and other properties relative to conventional porcelains. The improved properties appear to result from the presence of a very fine and relatively dense distribution of leucite crystals. Scanning electron microscopy indicates, however, that the …

Non-Fibrous Inorganic Particles In Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids, P. Dumortier, P. De Vuyst, J. C. Yernault

Scanning Microscopy

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a simple and non-invasive sampling technique of the deep lung. Analytical electron microscopy was used for the identification and quantification of non-fibrous inorganic particles recovered in BAL fluid samples from 51 subjects with various occupational exposures (silica, silicates, metals and alloys, metallic oxides, precious and hard metals, abrasives). Around 4750 particles were analysed. More than sixty different compounds were identified, among which silica, kaolinite, illite, mica, Fe oxides and hydroxides, appeared to be ubiquitous. Feldspar, talc, chlorite, Al oxide, Ti oxide, tungsten carbide, stainless steel, carbonaceous compounds and flyash were also frequently encountered. From 1 to …

Studies Of Heart Development In Normal And Cardiac Lethal Mutant Axolotls: A Review, M. E. Fransen, L. F. Lemanski

Scanning Microscopy

The morphology of developing hearts in axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, has been studied by scanning electron microscopy in order to provide a chronology of morphogenesis that can be correlated with ongoing biochemical and immunocytochemical studies. In addition to normal embryos we have studied homozygous recessive cardiac lethal mutant axolotls. The mutant myocardium undergoes aberrant sarcomere development and lacks a normal heartbeat. Morphogenesis of mutant hearts appears to be nearly normal with respect to myocardial cell shape changes, epicardial formation, and the distribution of extracellular matrix fibrils in the cardiac jelly. This suggests that the deficient arrangement of contractile proteins in …

Bone Ingrowth Into Porous Coated Canine Total Hip Replacements. Quantification By Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy And Image Analysis, Murali Jasty, Charles R. Bragdon, Steven Schutzer, Harry Rubash, Teresa Haire, William H. Harris

Scanning Microscopy

Bone ingrowth into titanium fiber mesh porous-surfaced canine total hip replacement prostheses was evaluated and quantified using a computer assisted image analysis system attached to a scanning electron microscope equipped with a back scattered electron detector. Excellent contrast between the bone, the porous metal and the soft tissues resulted in the backscatter mode, allowing easy differentiation of these components in real time by the image analysis based on gray scales. By three weeks the mean (± standard deviation) amount of bone ingrowth expressed as a percentage of porous layer measured 7.2% (± 1.5%) for the acetabular components, and 3.9% (± …

A Stereoscopic Scanning Electron Microscope Study Of Pulmonary Hypoplasia In Chondrodystrophic Mice, W. Bradford Hepworth, Robert E. Seegmiller

Scanning Microscopy

Pulmonary hypoplasia is a life threatening condition in newborns resulting from a generalized underdevelopment of the lungs. The lung disorder is usually secondary to conditions outside the lung such as thoracic volume reduction. The precise mechanism by which thoracic volume reduction prevents normal lung development and growth is unknown. As a model for human pulmonary hypoplasia associated with lethal skeletal dysplasia, a stereoscopic SEM study of chondrodystrophic (cho) fetal mouse lungs fixed by intratracheal instillation with 3% glutaraldehyde was conducted. In comparison with lungs of phenotypically normal littermates, the mutant's lungs appeared unaffected with respect to structure of major …

The Physical State Of Potassium In Frog Skeletal Muscle Studied By Ion-Sensitive Microelectrodes And By Electron Microscopy: Interpretation Of Seemingly Incompatible Results, L. Edelmann

Scanning Microscopy

According to the commonly accepted membrane pump theory most of cellular K⁺ ions are freely dissolved in free cellular water; the alternative association-induction hypothesis postulates that the bulk of cellular K⁺ is adsorbed (weakly bound) to cellular proteins which are maintained in a specific labile state in the cytoplasm of a living cell. K⁺ activities measured with ion-sensitive microelectrodes in the cytoplasm of frog skeletal muscle seem to confirm the claim that most of cellular K⁺ ions are free in cellular water. On the other hand, it is evident from electron microscopic ion binding studies that …

Bone Lining Cells: Structure And Function, Scott C. Miller, Louis De Saint-Georges, Beth M. Bowman, Webster S. S. Jee

Scanning Microscopy

Bone lining cells (BLC's) cover inactive (nonremodeling) bone surfaces, particularly evident in the adult skeleton. BLC's are thinly extended over bone surfaces, have flat or slightly ovoid nuclei, connect to other BLC's via gap junctions, and send cell processes into surface canaliculi. BLC's can be induced to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cells and may represent a source of "determined" osteogenic precursors. BLC's and other cells of the endosteal tissues may be an integral part of the marrow stromal system and have important functions in hematopoiesis, perhaps by controlling the inductive microenvironment. Because activation of bone remodeling occurs on inactive …

Osteoclast Features Of Cells That Resorb Demineralized And Mineral-Containing Bone Implants In Rats, Cedo M. Bagi, Scott C. Miller

Scanning Microscopy

The comparative temporal tissue response to demineralized bone matrix powder (DBP) and devitalized mineral containing bone powder (MCP) implanted subcutaneously in rats was studied. The tissue response to implanted DBP followed the well described endochondral osteogenic pathway and included the appearance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. On the other hand, implanted MCP resulted in the appearance of a large population of giant cells that resorbed the implants. At later times (3-4 weeks), most of the cells in the MCP implants appeared as typical foreign body giant cells with extensive membrane foldings, usually away from bone surface. Some cells did, however, have …

Structural And Compositional Changes In Aging Bone: Osteopenia In Lumbar Vertebrae Of Wistar Female Rats, M. Silbermann, M. Safadi, D. Schapira, I. Leichter, R. Steinberg

Scanning Microscopy

Changes in vertebral bone mineral content and density during aging were quantified in female Wistar rats. This study represents a longitudinal follow up utilizing single photon absorptiometry for the measurement of bone mineral content (BMC), quantitative computed tomography (OCT) for the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), and image analysis histomorphometry for the measurement of trabecular bone volume (TBV) and bone cortical area (BCA). The above measurements were accompanied by biochemical assays of calcium concentrations in the respective bones. All aging animals experienced significant decreases in BMC, BMD, TBV, BCA and in the calcium content of their bones. The above …

Quantitative Measurement From Vascular Casts, Ralph G. Kratky, Christine M. Zeindler, Dorian K. C. Lo, Margot R. Roach

Scanning Microscopy

A review of quantitative measurements show casting materials shrink from 0.2 - 20% and have viscosities ranging from 1.4 - 100,000 centipoise. Blood vessels have highly variable mechanical properties. Some microvessels are very stiff having little change in dimensions with pressure. Larger vessels generally change diameter significantly but show highly variable changes in length with pressure. Perfusion fixation does not fix the dimensions of blood vessels. Dog carotid arteries well fixed with glutaraldehyde at physiologic dimensions retain ≈20% of their elastic recoil circumferentially and ≈30% longitudinally. We recommend vascular casting as a method of accurately measuring the vasculature if care …

Utah Science Vol. 50 No. 3, Fall 1989

Utah Science

134 FARM WORK AND FAMILY: MAJOR SOURCES OF SATISFACTIO FOR FARM FAMILIES N. Ackerman, G. Jen on and D. Bailey Result of a survey indicate that husband may have a more difficult time adapting to change than wives.

143 MIGRA TIO IN ONMETROPOLIT AN UTAH DURING THE 1970S AND THE 1980S W.F. Stinner and I. Al-Masarweh In recent year, nonmetropolitan areas of Utah have experienced widespread net migration los e a dramatic reversal of trend that characterized the previous decade.

150 FORAGE PRODUCTION BY COOL-SEASO PLANTS N.J. Chatterton P.A. Harrison, J.H. Bennett, W.R. Thornley and K.H. Asay A better understanding …

Pesticide Movement And Water Management, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Agricultural chemicals are essential components of agricultural production systems in the United states. Pesticides control weeds, insects, and have had an important role in increasing agricultural productivity in the last 50 years, despite diminishing crop land acreage. The benefits of chemicals use options in agriculture must be balanced against potential contamination of surface water and ground water resources. This study shows the effect of water management practices on pesticide movement and its potential pollution to ground water. It indicates that careful use of pesticides, water management practices and irrigation system design alternatives could cause a major reduction in ground water …

Power System For The Alexis Satellite, Bob Dill, Greg Huffman

Small Satellite Conference

ALEXIS is a 250 Ibm satellite being built for the Department of Energy through Los Alamos National Laboratory. Its primary payload is an array of low energy x-ray telescopes. ALEXIS will be a sun pointer with a daily averaged power draw of 57 W. The ALEXIS power system provides electrical power for the operation of the various satellite subsystems including payloads, guidance and control systems, and telemetry systems. The goal of the ALEXIS power system is to provide efficient power regulation with low mass, low cost and reasonable reliability.

An Imaging Satellite System For Tactical Applications, Kent Backman, Vince Tate

Small Satellite Conference

The Tactical Imaging Experiment and Demonstration System (TIDES) goal is to develop a small imaging satellite for tactical applications where the field commander controls the satellite and achieves a launch on demand at a reasonable cost. The TIDES imaging payload is two modified Schmidt cameras, coupled with linear charged couple devices capable of producing 5 meter resolution at a 700 km polar sun synchronous orbit. Innovations such as Vector Quantization (VQ) technology with a new developed codebook processing chip (CPC) demonstrates the ability to compress images at ratios of 12 to 1 or greater reducing satellite to ground datalink bandwidth, …

Monitoring The Ocean With Navy Radar Altimeter Lightsats, Charles Kilgus, Eric Hoffman, William Frain

Small Satellite Conference

A system of three radar altimeter LightSats would provide optimum temporal and spatial sampling of the sea surface height signatures of ocean features at mid latitudes and above. Merging this data with satellite infrared images would provide a robust, affordable, all-weather, global ocean monitoring system in support of the Navy Tactical Oceanography mission. The present Navy system for mapping ocean features uses sea surface temperature maps from NOAA satellite radiometers and sea surface height profiles from the Navy GEOSA T radar altimeter satellite. GEOSAT is a 1450-pound, completely redundant satellite with a 207-pound, 165-watt radar altimeter. GEOSAT was developed by …

The Mini Metsat: A Small Low-Cost Advanced Technology Weather System, David Thompson, William Knorr, Jeff Sechrist

Small Satellite Conference

Spectrum Research, the ITT Aerospace Optical Division and the E-Systems Garland Division describe a system design concept for a 350-lb class small weather satellite system which includes a high-performance meteorological imaging instrument and a completely mobile satellite command, control and weather data processing terminal. The system can be made compatible with either civil or military weather data collection and processing systems, and it is interoperable with existing ground terminals. The system permits collection of high-resolution weather imagery in five spectral bands, and can be launched on a variety of lower-cost small space boosters. Applications discussed include cloud imagery, determination of …

The Role Of Small Satellites In Our National Defense, Major R.J. Bonometti, Lieutenant Colonel E.D. Nicastri

Small Satellite Conference

Highly capable small satellites may play a significant role in the future of our national defense space architecture. Such capable small satellites are generically referred to as "LightSats." In this paper, we examine the logical motivation behind the utilization of LightSats to support military operations and national defense requirements. To complement LightSats, new cost-effective and responsive launch vehicles are also needed. We present an overview of the DARPA Advanced Space Technology Program (ASTP), which seeks to develop high-payoff advanced enabling technologies to enhance space system operational support to military forces and to assure availability of space assets in wartime. The …

An Investigation Of Animal Damage Associated With Maple Syrup Production, J. Alan May, Dennis Slate

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

An increase in the use of plastic tubing systems to collect sap from sugar maples (Acer saccharum) has allowed syrup producers to boost production in recent years, but not without cost. Rodents gnawing on tubing, spouts, and fittings may cause damage in excess of $300,000 annually in Vermont, the largest maple producing state. Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and chipmunks (Tamias striatus) appear to be responsible for the majority of damage. Other species including flying squirrels (Glaucomvs sabrinus), white-footed mice (Peromvscus leucopus), porcupines (Erethizon …

Preliminary Evaluation Of A Granular Trimethacarb Formulation For Deterring Grazing By American Coots, Michael L. Avery, Curtis Nelms, J. Russell Mason

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In a 0.2 ha flight pen, group of 4 American coots were tested to determine if their grazing activity could be affected by application of a registered granular-trimethacarb insecticide. In the 3 days following treatment (3 kg/ha, a.i.), grazing activity in the treated portions of the 200 m² experimental plots was reduced an average of 47%. Overall use of the treated areas followed a similar pattern but was less consistent among groups. The addition of methylpyrazine, a strong odorant, produced a strong initial suppression of grazing activity in the treated halves of the plots. However, subsequent rain and a …

Economic Impact And Control Of Wading Birds At Arkanas Minnow Ponds, Michael D. Hoy, Jeffery W. Jones, Albert E. Bivings

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Esophageal/stomach contents of 172 little blue herons (Egretta caerulea), great egrets (Casmerodius albus), snowy egrets (Egretta thula), and great blue herons (Ardea herodias) were analyzed to estimate their consumption of golden shiners. Mean and maximum number of golden shiners consumed/bird, as well as the mean total length of golden shiners consumed by each wading bird species was determined. Loss estimates varied by wading bird species and ranged from $0.10 - $1.12/bird/feeding. Loss estimates reflect the severity of problems with wading birds on minnow ponds and the need to reduce losses by use …

The Usda-Aphis-Adc Program In The United States, Bobby R. Acord

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The ADC program was transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in 1986. Shortly after the transfer, the Secretary of Agriculture established the National Animal Damage Control Advisory Committee (NADCAC). Current and future issues facing ADC are discussed in the context of NADCAC recommendations.

Epa Update On Vertebrate Pesticides, William W. Jacobs

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates pesticides under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Vertebrate pesticides are subsumed under the heading "rodenticides" and, under FIFRA, are regulated similarly to other pesticides.