Digital Commons Network^™

Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation For Shuttle (Cirris 1a) Instrumentation And Flight Performance, Brent Bartschi, Allan Steed, Jeffery Blakeley

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

The Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (C1IRRIS 1A) instrument, launched on the shuttle Discovery (STS-39) on 28 April 1991, was developed to characterize the phenomenology and dynamics of ionospheric processes. The primary objective of the CIRRIS 1A mission was to obtain spectral and spatial measurements of infrared atmospheric emissions in the spectral region between 2.5 and 25 jm over altitudes ranging from the Earth's surface to 260 km. The primary sensors are a Michelson interferometer/spectrometer and a multi-spectral radiometer, which share a common high off-axis rejection telescope. The sensor/telescope complex is enclosed in a cryogenic dewar that is mounted …

Biological Action Of Mycotoxins, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Mycotoxins are ubiquitous, mold-produced toxins that contaminate a wide variety of foods and feeds. Ingestion of mycotoxins cause a range of toxic responses, from acute toxicity to long-term or chronic health disorders. Some mycotoxins have caused outbreaks of human toxicoses, and at least one mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1, is a presumed human hepatocarcinogen. As part of a comprehensive effort to curtail the adverse health effects posed by mycotoxins, substantial research has been conducted to determine the mechanism of action of mycotoxins in animals. This review presents some of the current knowledge on the biological action of four diverse classes of mycotoxins—aflatoxin …

Cryogenic Michelson Interferometer On The Space Shuttle, Stan Wellard, Jeff Blakeley, Steven Brown, Brent Bartschi

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

A helium-cooled interferometer was flown aboard shuttle ifight STS-39. This interferometer, along with its sister radiometer, set new benchmarks for the quantity and quality of data collected. The interferometer generated approximately 150,000 interferograms during the course of the ifight. Data was collected at tangent heights from the earth's surface to celestial targets. The interferograms encoded spectral data from aurora, earth limb, and earth terminator scenes. The interfemmeter collected data at resolutions of 8, 4, and 1 wavenumbers over a spectral range of 2 to 25 micrometers. The interferometer's optics, detectors and preamps, laser reference system, realignment system, and eight-position optical …

Candi (Chemical And Irrigation Management) Users Manual, Vs 2.0., A. H. Aly, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This manual describes an interactive computer model, CANOl. CANOl is a decision support tool designed to aid in on-farm pesticides and irrigation management. CANOl simulates downward chemical movement through the soil in response to different irrigation practices. CANOl estimates the relative amount of a non-polar organic chemical which remains in the soil profile by the time it reaches a specified depth. Future releases of CANOl will involve the management of different types of chemicals. CANOl is also able to delineate the wellhead protection areas for domestic wells. For this purpose, CANOl involves USEPA's model (MWCAP). Different versions of CANOl handle …

Preparation Of Early Intervention Personnel In A Rural State, S. Rule, Barbara J. Fiechtl, L. Huntington

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

There is a critical need to prepare early-intervention personnel resulting from the passage of the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986. This paper presents the results of a survey of service providers regarding the competencies they considered essential to serve young children with disabilities. It also describes the organization of a program to prepare personnel in a rural state where persons who need preparation may not have access to on-campus training.

The Nfiii/Oct-1 Binding Site Stimulates Adenovirus Dna Replication In Vivo And Is Functionally Redundant With Adjacent Sequences, Lianna K. Etchberger, P. Hearing

Biology Faculty Publications

The inverted terminal repeat (ITR) of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is 103 bp in length and contains the origin of DNA replication. Cellular transcription factors NFI/CTF and NFIII/OCT-1 bind to sites within the ITR and participate in the initiation of viral DNA replication in vitro. The ITR also contains multiple copies of two conserved sequence motifs that bind the cellular transcription factors SP1 and ATF. We have analyzed a series of viruses that carry deletions at the left terminus of Ad5. A virus carrying a deletion of the NFIII/OCT-1, SP1, and ATF sites within the ITR (mutant dl309-44/107) was wild …

Computer Methodology For Transportation Agencies To Screen Technologies For Hazardous Waste Remediation, William J. Grenney, Ravi Kumar Penmetsa

Reports

Executive Summary: Many pathways exist for transportation agencies and other public and private agencies to become responsible for sites contaminated by hazardous wastes. As a reult, agencies frequently face a multitude of lega, regulatory, financial, technical, and health risk problems. When transportation agencies become involved in the remediation of hazardous waste sites, the common practice is to hire consultants and contractors for the clean up process. Because the field of hazardous waste site remediation is changing so rapidly, agency personnel evaluating the consultant's recommendations need to ahve access to the most recent regulatory and remediation information. Early stages of the …

Calcospherites In Rabbit Incisor Predentin, H. Mishima, Y. Kunuki, T. Sakae, Y. Kozawa, N. Watabe

Scanning Microscopy

Calcospherites from the lower incisor dentin of rabbits were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron diffraction analyses. In the labial predentin, globular calcospherites of 8-31 μm were present at the root apex, decreasing in size toward the incisal region. The calcospherites at the intermediate region were of mulberry- as well as of spindle-shape of 1.5-4 μm diameter. The incisal pulp horn contained micro-calcospherites of 0.3-0.6 μmin diameter. In the lingual predentin, small granular calcospherites of 1. 8-3 μm were present at the root apex, increasing in size toward the intermediate region. Ultrathin …

Recent Advances In Measurement Of Oxalate In Biological Materials, S. Sharma, R. Nath, S. K. Thind

Scanning Microscopy

Hyperoxaluria is the predominant risk factor in urinary stone disease. A specific, accurate and reliable oxalate assay for urine and plasma is very important for both the diagnosis and efficient management of patients. A review of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of oxalate determination is presented and is followed by the authors' recommendations.

Distribution Of Connectin (Titin) And Transverse Tubules At Myotendinous Junctions, Y. Shimada, F. Atsuta, M. Sonoda, M. Shiozaki, K. Maruyama

Scanning Microscopy

The ends of muscle fibers form many longitudinal projections which are further divided into numerous processes and attach to the collagen fibrils of tendons to form myotendinous junctions (MTJs). Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic observations on pectoralis muscles of the chicken revealed the presence of an elastic filamentous protein, connectin (titin), within the terminal sarcomere on the side adjacent to the terminal Z bands, and the absence of connectin and myosin and the presence of actin at the apical sarcoplasmic region of MTJ processes between the terminal Z band and the MTJ sarcolemma. Intermediate voltage electron microscopy showed that T tubules …

Insights, Winter, 1992, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

Retinol Deficiency And Urinary Stone Disease: Clinical Evidence Is Missing, P. P. Singh, R. Kiran

Scanning Microscopy

Serum retinal levels were studied in : (a) 95, 56 and 43 normal subjects belonging to lower, middle and upper socio-economic groups respectively, (b) 35 adult males suffering from night blindness, (c) 27 subjects with low retinal levels, (d) 8 retinal deficient subjects (e) 17 male infants suffering from overt retinal deficiency, (f) 43 radiologically confirmed stone patients and (g) age and sex matched controls (infants 20; adults 120). The subjects included in groups b to f were clinically and radiologically examined for stone disease. Some inhibitors and promoters of stone disease were estimated in urine in groups b to …

Evaluation And Management Of Dietary Habits In Japanese Renal Stone Formers, Haruo Ito, Tadashi Kotake, Naoto Miura

Scanning Microscopy

To elucidate the relationship between the formation of kidney stones and diet, we carried out a dietary investigation in patients with urinary tract stones. Dietary intakes were estimated for 36 patients (24 men, 12 women) with calcium stones, and compared with the official dietary requirements for the Japanese.

Total protein intake, animal protein intake and animal protein ratio were significantly higher for patients with stones in both men and women. Dietary salt intake was significantly higher for male patients and the total group. Dietary calcium and carbohydrate intakes were significantly lower for patients with stones in men and the total …

Renal Tubular Hypouricemia And Calcium Urolithiasis, Tadashi Kotake, Naoto Miura, Haruo Ito

Scanning Microscopy

The information concerning the relationship of hypouricemia with urinary tract stones is limited. We investigated the incidence and types of hypouricemia, and also studied its relationship to urinary tract stones. Hypouricemia was detected in 3 out of 1520 outpatients (0.20%). The loading tests using pyrazinamide, probenecid and benzbromarone showed that uric acid absorption was impaired before tubular secretion in two cases and incomplete postsecretory reabsorption in one case. Complication of urinary tract stone was found in two cases. The composition of the stones was mixed calcium oxalate and uric acid. Hypouricemia should be recognized as one of the causes of …

Calibration Of Atomic Force Microscope Tips Using Biomolecules, T. Thundat, X.-Y. Zheng, S. L. Sharp, D. P. Allison, R. J. Warmack, D. C. Joy, T. L. Ferrell

Scanning Microscopy

Atomic force microscope (AFM) images of surfaces and samples mounted on substrates are subject to artifacts such as broadening of structures and ghost images of tips due to the finite size and shape of the contacting probe. Therefore, knowledge of the radius of the AFM probe tip is essential for the interpretation of images. We have deduced the shape of the AFM tip by imaging cylindrical biological molecules of various diameters such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco etch virus (TEV) and bacteriophage M-13 (M-13). Using a paraboloidal tip model and numerically solving equations of contact, the …

Atomic Force Microscopy Of Dna On Mica And Chemically Modified Mica, T. Thundat, D. P. Allison, R. J. Warmack, G. M. Brown, K. B. Jacobson, J. J. Schrick, T. L. Ferrell

Scanning Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to image circular DNA adsorbed on freshly cleaved mica and mica chemically modified with Mg(II), Co(II), La(III), and Zr(IV). Images obtained on unmodified mica show coiling of DNA due to forces involved during the drying process. The coiling or super twisting appeared to be right handed and the extent of super twisting could be controlled by the drying conditions. Images of DNA observed on chemically modified surfaces show isolated open circular DNA that is free from super twisting, presumably due to strong binding of DNA on chemically modified surfaces.

Chemical Release Observation Program Description And Flight Results, Stephen Nichols, Jeffrey Wise, Ian Strong

Small Satellite Conference

The Chemical Release Observation (CRO) program developed three small satellites that were deployed from the Shuttle on flight STS-39. These were small experimental satellites built with a minimum of paperwork. While meeting all the necessary NASAISTS requirements. Each satellite contained a chemical (either hydrazine or an oxidizer) which was released on ground command. The satellites were approximately 18" diameter and 31" high. and weighed 160 to 195 pounds when loaded. The satellites carried 60 pounds of MMH (MonoMethyl Hydrazine), 52 pounds of UDMH (Unsymmetrical DiMethyl Hydrazine) and 11 pounds of N10 4 (Nitrogen Tetroxide). The satellites were designed and built …

Utah Families- The Issues They Face, Ted W. Warstadt, Larry Forthun

All Archived Publications

With the wide variety of difficulties that our society faces and the limited funding available to address these concerns, it is important to identify and prioritize critical family issues. Because the family is a major contributor to individual and societal development, it is important to focus attention on issues which have a direct impact on family functioning. In identifying issues it is also helpful to understand demographic and geographic influences which may contribute to an individual's perceived urgency of a given issue. This can assist policy makers in their efforts to appropriately allocate limited funds to the best suited and …

Photosynthesis And Leaf Morphology Of Liquidambar Styraciflua L. Under Variable Urban Radiant Energy Conditions, Roger Kjelgren, James R. Clark

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Diminished sunlight, characteristic of urban canyons, has been suggested as being potentially limiting to plant growth. This study investigated the response of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) to variable irradiance in a range of urban locations. Diurnal photosynthesis was measured in situ on mature trees, comparing an open site at an urban park with an urban canyon that received 4 h of midday sun in midsummer. Photosynthesis for trees growing in the canyon was lower both during shaded and sunlit periods compared with trees at the park. Photosynthesis of detached shoots in a growth chamber was greater in canyon than park …

Microclimates And Tree Growth In Three Urban Spaces, Roger Kjelgren, James R. Clark

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Microclimates characteristic of urban park, plaza, and canyon spaces were related to physiology and growth of even-aged sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) street trees. Microclimates, tree growth, and physiological responses were characterized diurnally and seasonally. Park and plaza sites received unobstructed sunlight while the canyon was limited to four hours of direct solar radiation in midsummer. Potential seasonal insolation was 44 per cent of the potential maximum at the canyon and over 90 per cent at the park. Heating from paved surfaces at the plaza resulted in cumulative pan evaporation nearly 50 per cent greater than the other sites. Tree growth …

Publishing Books, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

WISE COMMENTATORS have long evaluated books and bookmaking. "Man builds no structure which outlives a book," wrote Eugene Fitch Ware in The Book, and Justin M'Carthy's A Ballade of Book-Making declared, "The critics challenge and defend ... of making books there is no end." Others have written loving odes to the book. Garrison Keillor, for instance: The book is a "great and ancient invention," he marveled, "slow to hatch, as durable as a turtle, light and shapely as befits a descendant of the tree .... A handsome, useful object begotten by the passion for truth ... [books] contain our common …

Utah Science Vol. 53 No. 2, Summer 1992

Utah Science

34 Alfalfa: Still a Regal Crop

39 Good Seed A Prerequisite for Good Alfalfa

40 Eructate? Tympany? Hint: Both In lye Alfalfa and Air

44 Drought-Resistant Alfalfa: Maybe Only Relatives from the Gobi Desert Can Help

47 Research in Brief

51 Nematodes: Where They're At is Less Important

53 Than What You Do

56 Alfalfa May Find Wider Use on Rangelands Hay Quality: Opinions Still Count

60 N, P and K: It's Not A Simple As It Seems

64 Improving Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Mechanisms Of Ciliary Movement: Contributions From Electron Microscopy, Peter Satir

Scanning Microscopy

A brief review of important contributions of electron microscopy to the study of ciliary motility is presented. The electron microscope was used to show the universality of axonemal structure of cilia, and to develop the sliding microtubule model of ciliary motility and later the switch point hypothesis to explain the conversion of sliding into bending. Unexpectedly, insights into the importance of cilia in human health have stemmed from these studies.

Microwear And Striae Of Retzius Of Canines Of The Wild Japanese Monkeys (Macaca Fuscata), Teruyuki Hojo

Scanning Microscopy

This is a description of microwear and striae of Retzius of canine teeth of wild-caught female Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) from Oita Takasakiyama, Kyushu. Micrographs were taken of high resolution casts using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Before the casts were made, the diet of the captive monkeys was water-softened for three or four days. This softened diet probably added little wear to the surfaces of the teeth. These animals are part of a sample used in a previous report published in this journal. Others have observed that wild Japanese monkeys eat hard foods (such as grasshoppers, cicads …

Three-Dimensional Characterization Of Dense Bodies In Contracted And Relaxed Mesenteric Artery Smooth Muscle Cells, Linda J. Mcguffee, Sally A. Little

Scanning Microscopy

We have previously shown that dense bodies are not the static planar simple ovoidal structures they appear to be in thin sections. In this report, we present three-dimensional reconstructions from consecutive serial thin sections through shortened and non-shortened large mesenteric artery cells. Profiles of the cell surface, membrane dense bodies, and cytoplasmic dense bodies were reconstructed from consecutive thin sections and the distribution, size, shape, and spatial relationships among these components was examined. Within the cell, membrane dense bodies are numerous and occupy approximately 10% of the cell volume. Membrane dense bodies can attach to the cell surface laterally, obliquely …

Final Environmental Impact Statement For Rangeland Ecosystem Management On He Uinta National Forest, Provo, Utah, Usda Forest Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Final Environmental Impact Statement describes alternatives, including a "No Action" alternative for management of National Forest Rangeland Resources on the Uinta National Forest. Alternatives range from no change from past management practices, which in some instances have resulted in less than favorable ecological conditions on National Forest Rangelands and riparian resources, to managing these resources to achieve the "Potential Natural Community" in terms of vegetative cover types and condition. The environmental consequences of all alternatives considered in detail are displayed. The alternatives selected for implementation will become an amendment to the Uinta National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. …

The Use Of Organ Cultures To Study Vessel Wall Pathobiology, Edward W. Y. Koo, Avrum I. Gotlieb

Scanning Microscopy

Organ culture of the vessel wall is an useful in vitro method to study vascular cell biology. The intact vessel allows for the study of cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions including the structure and function of the vessel wall matrix. Long term organ cultures of porcine aorta show that neointimal formation is due primarily to cell proliferation of pre-existing intimal smooth muscle cells. Neointimal formation in these cultures is more pronounced in the presence of an endothelium that is turning over. In endothelial wound repair studies, the endothelium of the organ culture shows some important differences when compared to tissue culture …

Detection Of X-Ray Damage Repair By The Immediate Versus Delayed Plating Technique Is Dependent On Cell Shape And Cell Concentration, Nandanuri M. S. Reddy, Maria Kapiszewska, Christopher S. Lange

Scanning Microscopy

A method commonly used to measure the ability of cells to repair potentially lethal damage (PLD) is to compare immediate plating (IP) and delayed plating (DP) survival. Lower cell survival under IP conditions relative to that after DP conditions has been interpreted to indicate a higher ability of cells to repair potentially lethal damage (PLO) under DP conditions. However, this IP radiosensitization has not been observed in several cell lines and tumor models. IP conditions involve treatment of cells with trypsin and plating them into fresh growth medium. We have investigated the possibility that radiosensitization under IP conditions may be …

The Nighthawk Review, 1992, Usu Eastern English Department

Nighthawk Review

An annual publication featuring student work from Utah State University Eastern Campus.

Esterases In Lygus Hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) Associated With Insecticide Resistance, Gang Xu

Biology

Populations of Lygus hesperus in areas where applications of the organophosphate insecticide, trichlorfon, had been used for control of this pest have elevated LC₅₀ values when assessed by a contact bag bioassay. Biochemical investigation using ⍺-naphthyl acetate as an esterase substrate revealed that resistant populations contain a larger proportion of individuals with higher esterase activity. The same populations also had reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensitivity to inhibition by paraoxon. The population structure regarding resistance level could be easily visualized from the distribution patterns of esterase activity and AChE insensitivity, or its heterogeneity estimated by the slope of the bioassay line. …