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Plasmin In Milk: Activity Measurement, Effect Of Environmental Factors, And Correlation With Milk Coagulation, Eric D. Bastian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bovine plasmin activity was measured on H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-4-nitroanilide by following absorbance changes at 405 nm. Steady-state kinetic parameters V_max, K_m, K_I, and K_I' were estimated. Bovine plasmin is competitively inhibited by casein and has a K_cat of .0158 ΔA₄₀₅/min/nM, K_m of .107 mM substrate, and K_I of .86 mg/ml casein. Bovine plasmin can be measured directly in bovine milk without interference from casein.

A total of 380 milk samples from nineteen Holstein (one herd) and nineteen Jersey (one herd) cows was collected monthly during one lactation period. Samples …

A Quantitative Assessment Of Minerals Of Toxicological Importance In Utah Fast Foods, Lisa R. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

X-ray flourescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) measurements for manganese, iron, copper, and zinc were compared for 96 samples of 21 foods from different sources. Correlation coefficients were 0.94 for manganese, 0.99 for iron, 0.93 for copper, and 0.91 for zinc for XRF vs. AAS determinations.

Similiar comparisons were performed on 228 samples of fast foods purchased in Utah retail outlets. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 for copper to 0.97 for iron and zinc. Comparisons of values generated by XRF for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and aluminum to values certified by the National Bureau of Standards indicated …

Fee Hunting Opportunities On Private Land In Utah: An Economic And Policy Analysis, Lucy A. Jordan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Objectives of this research were (1) to describe fee hunting as it is currently practiced in Utah and (2) to assess the adequacy of fee hunting efforts in addressing the problems of wildlife habitat and hunter access on private land. To collect information, Utah landowners who charged for deer (Odocoileus hemionus) or elk (Cervus elaphus) hunting in 1986 were surveyed by telephone and mail.

Compared to the average Utah livestock rancher, those involved in fee hunting have larger livestock operations and have owned their property longer. They are Utah natives. Fee hunting is concentrated in northern …

The Feasibility Of Concurrent Enrollment Of High School Students In College-Level Introductory Plant Science, Gregory H. Egan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of allowing concurrent enrollment in the College of Agriculture to selected high schools in the state of Utah. "Introduction to Agricultural Plant Science" (Plant Science 100) was the course being tested. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify four vocational agriculture programs to participate. There were 86 high school students in the study and 38 college students who took the course on campus at Utah State University.

In this study, 47.7% of the high school students passed the course with a 70% average or above. Comparisons between high school …

Kerner Plus 20: Minority News Coverage In The Columbus Dispatch – Acomparative Content Study, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

An examination of news content about minorities in the Columbus Dispatch finds little change in amount of coverage between 1965 - three years before the Kerner Commission Report - and 1987 but some improvement in the kind and tone of minority coverage.

Utah Science Vol. 50 No. 1, Spring 1989

Utah Science

2 FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH R. G. Hansen An overview of some issues concerning diet and health.

6 PATTERNS OF FAT AND CHOLESTEROL CONSUMPTION OF AMERICAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN C. T. Windham Classifying people according to their eating habits will improve nutritional recommendations.

13 HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION: A NUTRITIONAL SCORECARD N. B. Schvaneveldt For almost a decade, federal agencies have sought to help Americans prevent disease by improving nutrition. Some of the objectives have been met

18 ADEQUATE NUTRITION: AN EDGE FOR THE COLLEGIATE GYMNAST K. A. Gabel An educational program helps USU gymnasts eat and perform well. …

Agricultural Pesticide Hazard To Groundwater In Utah, Hubert Eisele, Majid Ehteshami, Richard C. Peralta, Howard M. Deer, Terry T. Tindall

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of the Utah Department of Agriculture and the following offices at Utah State University. The Department of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering, the International Irrigation Center, the Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, the Department of Soil Science and Biometerology, and the University Extension Services.

Olfactory And Nasal Respiratory Epithelia, And Foliate Taste Buds Visualized With Rapid-Freeze Freeze-Substitution And Lowicryl K11m Embedding. Ultrastructural And Initial Cytochemical Studies., Bert Ph. M. Menco

Scanning Microscopy

Rat olfactory and respiratory epithelia and Rhesus monkey taste buds were studied with rapid-freeze, acetone/0.1% uranyl acetate freeze-substitution and low-temperature Lowicryl K11M embedding, usually in the absence of other chemical fixation and cryoprotection procedures. Ultrastructural features of mucus, cytoplasm, including cytoskeletons, and membranes were better retained than with conventional methods. Some major examples: The mucus of the olfactory epithelium consisted of a single layer; that of the respiratory epithelium had an electron-opaque sol layer surrounding cilia and microvilli below a thin laminated electron-lucent gel layer. Taste-bud pores displayed a foam-like opaque secretory product, resembling the contents of secretory granules within …

Solution-Mediated Transformation Of Octacalcium Phosphate (Ocp) To Apatite, R. Z. Legeros, G. Daculsi, I. Orly, T. Abergas, W. Torres

Scanning Microscopy

OCP crystals were hydrolyzed in solutions containing Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HPO₄^2-, CO₃^2-, F^-, citrate or P₂O₇ ions. Products of hydrolysis were analyzed using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction.

Results demonstrated that the OCP to Apatite (AP) transformation is influenced by: (1) types of ions in solution: inhibited by Mg²⁺, citrate or P₂O₇^4-; facilitated by F^-, CO₃^2-, HPO₄^2- or Ca²⁺ ions; (2) ionic concentrations; (3) …

Microbiological Immunocytochemistry: A Review Of Current Trends And Applications, Julian E. Beesley

Scanning Microscopy

It has been considered worthwhile to update previous reviews of microbiological immunocytochemistry in order to identify areas of current importance in this continually expanding area of research. Publications in virology, bacteriology and protozoology indicate a continued interest in immunocytochemistry. Deployment of colloidal gold techniques is almost universal in these applications. The post-embedding technique was the most widely applied technique although a few studies employed the immunonegative stain, pre-embedding and immunoreplica techniques, thereby reflecting the use of colloidal gold in all other areas of the biological sciences.

The Vascularization Of The Skin Of The Atlantic Hagfish, Myxine Glutinosa L. As Revealed By Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vascular Corrosion Casts, A. Lametschwandtner, T. Weiger, U. Lametschwandtner, V. Georgieva-Hanson, R. A. Patzner, H. Adam

Scanning Microscopy

The vascularization of three different (A, B, C) skin regions (from the level of the heart to the cloaca including dorsal, lateral and ventral skin areas) of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa L. was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Vessel variables were measured either from semithin sections (diameters) or from vascular corrosion casts (diameters, lengths) and total blood capacities as well as vessel surfaces per unit skin area (mm²) were calculated. There are no significant differences in the number of subepidermal capillary meshes (ranging from 164 to 185 meshes per micrograph) in areas A, …

Interpretation Of Structural Patterns Appearing On Corrosion Casts Of Small Blood And Initial Lymphatic Vessels, A. Castenholz

Scanning Microscopy

Structures imprinted on the corrosion casts of blood and lymphatic microvessels are examined by correlative scanning electron microscopy of corroded casts and fixed tissue. Replicas of the endothelial nuclear portions and cell boundaries and the plastic bands surrounding the casts of terminal blood vessels are demonstrated. In small lymphatics the replication of valve structures, interendothelial open junctions and direct prelymphatic connections is shown. The different imprint patterns are examined in regard to their morphological significance and under methodical aspects.

Ranking Corrosion Efficiency: A Latin Square Study On Rat Lung Microvascular Corrosion Casts, Dean E. Schraufnagel

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts is an important tool for the study of microvascular structure but few systematic studies on methods of specimen preparation have been reported. This study sought to determine the relative importance of factors involved in corrosion. It compared potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and water as major corrosive agents. It tested the size of the tissue sample, and the use of prealkali autolysis, detergent, and proteolytic enzymes in a Latin square designed study. The main findings were that sodium and potassium hydroxide were better than water (P < 0.0001) and the longer the corrosion time the better corroded the samples were (P < 0.0001 ). Although not a controlled factor, higher room temperature was also associated with better corrosion. The use of proteolytic enzymes, detergent, and warm tap water alone before the alkali treatment did not significantly improve the corrosion in this study, although this does not preclude an effect with another experimental design.

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Mammalian Salivary Glands, Godfried M. Roomans, R. Margareta Müller, Samuel Sagström, Gun-Britt Sagulin, Susan M. Scarlett, Joanna Wroblewski, Maria Albertsson

Scanning Microscopy

X-ray microanalysis was used to study the elemental composition of major salivary glands in rat and man. The elemental composition of the acinar cells is influenced by a variety of factors. Stimulation of fluid secretion by cholinergic, α-adrenergic or peptidergic agonists leads to a sustained increase of the Na/K ratio. The elemental composition and ultrastructure of the acinar cells of rat submandibular gland, as well as flow rate and composition of pilocarpinestimulated submandibular saliva are significantly affected by thyroxine, but less by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Hypercalcemia (induced by chronic vitamin D treatment) as well as hypocalcemia (induced by calcitonin) …

Architecture Of The Medial Smooth Muscle Of The Arterial Vessels In The Normal Human Brain: A Scanning Electron-Microscopic Study, Toshitaka Shiraishi, Saburo Sakaki, Yasuo Uehara

Scanning Microscopy

The architecture of the medial smooth muscle of arterial vessels in normal human brains was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. We could divide the arterial vessels into four subdivisions according to the number of the circular muscle cells. The arteries ( > 100 μm in diameter) had 4-20 layers of circular smooth muscle cells; individual circular muscle cells were spindle-shaped and occasionally had branches at their ends. Multidirectional muscle cells were observed in the medio-adventitial border only at the branching sites in large arteries (>300 μm), but at both branching and non-branching sites in the small arteries (100-300 μm). The …

Analyses Of Dental Pulp In Restored Teeth, D. L. Lentz, J. T. Buchanan, D. R. Basinger

Scanning Microscopy

Restored teeth were extracted from test animals at four time intervals (1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 3 months) following amalgam insertion. Extracted teeth were frozen in liquid nitrogen, cryo-fractured so as to expose the pulps and then freeze-dried. Pulps were analyzed for mercury content by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Mercury levels appeared below the detection limits of EDS but could be detected by AAS which showed the highest readings seven days after amalgam insertion.

The Response Phase - The First Six Hours After Acute Airway Injury By So2 Inhalation: An In Vivo And In Vitro Study, W. C. Hulbert, S. F. P. Man, M. K. Rosychuk, G. Braybrook, J. G. Mehta

Scanning Microscopy

We have identified an airway epithelial response following acute injury that cannot be termed 'repair' or regeneration. It precedes these well characterized events and it is termed the 'response phase'. We tested the hypothesis that for the first 6 h following acute injury to the tracheal mucosa, the initial cellular events of the response phase will continue as in vivo even if the tissue is maintained in vitro in an Ussing chamber. The tracheal mucosa of anesthetized, intubated mongrel dogs was injured by the inhalation of SO₂ 500 ppm for 1 h (7 dogs); controls (3 dogs) breathed filtered, …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Calcium Containing Organelles In Resin Embedded Tissue, G. Nicaise, I. Gillot, A. K. Julliard, E. Keicher, S. Blaineau, J. Amsellem, J. C. Meyran, M. L. Hernandez-Nicaise, B. Ciapa, C. Gleyzal

Scanning Microscopy

The localization of calcium in cell organelles at the electron microscope level is often achieved through cytochemical techniques, and verified by X-ray microanalysis. Various methods have been used to cytochemically detect calcium or calcium-binding sites : calcium loading, calcium substitution by strontium, barium, or even lead, and calcium precipitation by oxalate, phosphate, fluoride, or pyroantimonate. Their results may have heuristic value, particularly in preliminary studies of poorly known cell types. A complementary and more physiological approach is offered by quantitative measurement of the total calcium content of organelles after cryofixation.

Resin embedding is less demanding than cryomicrotomy and gives better …

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Enhances Nickel Penetration Through Guinea-Pig Skin. Studies With Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis, Magnus Lindberg, Samuel Sagström, Godfried M. Roomans, Bo Forslind

Scanning Microscopy

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), a common ingredient of detergents, on the penetration of nickel through the stratum corneum in the guinea-pig skin model was studied with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis ( EDX) to evaluate the barrier-damaging properties of this common detergent. The EDX technique allows a simultaneous determination of physiologically important elements, e.g., Na. Mg, P, Cl, K, Ca and S in addition to Ni at each point of measurement in epidermal cell strata. Our results show that SLS reduces the barrier function to Ni-ion penetration of the stratum corneum. In addition we have shown that EDX …

The Vascular System Of Xenotransplanted Tumors -Scanning Electron And Light Microscopic Studies-, M. A. Konerding, F. Steinberg, V. Budach

Scanning Microscopy

A widely used model for investigating basic tumor characteristics and different treatment modalities preclinically is the immune-deficient, athymic nude mouse. This model offers many morphological parallelisms to the clinical situation.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the vascularization pattern of xenotransplanted human melanomas and sarcomas using different methods. Xenotransplanted tumors of 62 congenital thymusaplastic nude mice were examined ultrastructurally and topographically after corrosion cast and tissue preparation. Quantitative measurements of tumors injected with India ink were carried out to obtain comparable information on the vascular densities in the tumors.

Quantitative measurements showed that there is no zonal, topographic …

Ultrastructural Variation In Enamel Of Australian Marsupials, C. F. Gilkeson, K. S. Lester

Scanning Microscopy

This paper initiates a survey of the enamel of fossil and extant Australian marsupials by scanning electron microscopy. Enamel was examined from 17 extant and 11 extinct marsupials. Assessment was made of prism packing pattern, prism course, tubule presence, tubule size and distribution. Values calculated were: prism diameter; prism axis ratio; cross-sectional prism area; cross-sectional ameloblast area; and numerical prism density.

Three different prism packing arrangements were found for extant and fossil marsupials within the classical Pattern 2. The Pattern 1 arrangement found in three extant species was relatively unexpected given the general acceptance of Marsupialia as having Pattern 2 …

Vascular "Sphincter" And Microangioarchitecture In The Central Nervous System: Constriction Of Intraparenchymal Blood Vessels Following A Treatment Of Vasoconstrictive Neurotransmitter, K. Nakai, Y. Naka, H. Yokote, T. Ikatura, H. Imai, N. Komai, T. Maeda

Scanning Microscopy

The site of action of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a potent vasoconstrictive neurotransmitter, on the intraparenchymal blood vessels in the rat parietal cortex was demonstrated using a corrosion cast technique with scanning electron microscopy. Our observations were confined to the cortical area where the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) had been reduced significantly by in situ application of NPY. A striking finding in that area was the diffuse narrowing of the perforating arteries in the upper cortical layers. Ring-like compressions on the corrosion casts, presumably formed by active vascular sphincters along the arteries, capillaries and venules within the brain parenchyma, seemed …

Proceedings From The 26th Annual Marschall Italian Cheese Seminar, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Where Are The Risks In Food And What Can You Do About Them?, Charlotte P. Brennand Ph. D.

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication discusses dangers in foods and how to safely handle and prepare food.

Homemade Nest Sites For North Dakota Songbirds, Terry A. Messmer, F. B. Lee

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Homemade Nest Sites For Cavity Nesting Waterfowl, Terry A. Messmer, F. B. Lee, M. Johnson

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Four species of ducks normally nest in tree cavities in North Dakota. They are the wood duck, hooded merganser, common goldeneye and bufflehead. While these birds are of lesser importance as game species, they are beautiful birds that add much to our enjoyment of the natural environment.

Elderberries, Georgia C. Lauritzen Phd, Carl M. Johnson

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication gives identification characteristics of elderberries and how to make syrup, jelly, and pie using elderberries.

Spotted Locoweed On The Henry Mountains, Verl L. Bagley, Michael H. Ralphs, Lynn A. James

All Archived Publications

Spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentlginosus, var. wahweapens) also known as freckled or Wahweap Milkvetch is characterized by blue leguminous flowers, purple speckled seed pods, and leaves resembling those of garden pea. The plant is poisonous to cattle, sheep and horses. It grows on gravely clay loam semi-desert benches and swales supporting desert shrubs and sparse stands of juniper.

U.S. Grazing Lands: 1950-8, Arthur B. Daugherty, United States Department Of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

U.S. livestock owners grazed their herds on 817 million acres in 1982, down about 20 percent from 1950. This drop resulted primarily from improved productivity of grazing lands, as animal units of cattle and sheep increased more than 30 percent during 1950-82. Only the Southern Plains, of all farm production regions, showed an increase in land grazed during 1950-82. Non-Federal grazing land consisted of rangeland (67 percent), pastureland (21 percent), and grazed forest (12 percent). More than 30 percent of the non-Federal range and pasture was rated in good to excellent condition, and 12 percent of the grazed forest had …

Estimating Forage Values For Grazing National Forest Lands, United States Department Of Agriculture Economic Research Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Every 5 years, the Forest Service is required to update its estimates of the value of Forest Service grazing. This report provides estimates of the maximum ability of ranchers to pay for Forest Service grazing. Abilities to pay vary greatly depending on the region of the country and assumptions about costs. Based on current cash costs, the value of Forest Service grazing is greater than the grazing fee. Based on longrun economic costs, the value of grazing is less than the grazing fee. In some regions of the United States, the longrun value of grazing is zero. These low longrun …