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Articles 6781 - 6810 of 13453
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Use Of Alpha-Chloralose By Usda Wildlife Services To Immobilize Birds, Jeanette R. O'Hare, John D. Eisemann, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Lawanna L. Koch, Thomas W. Seamans
Use Of Alpha-Chloralose By Usda Wildlife Services To Immobilize Birds, Jeanette R. O'Hare, John D. Eisemann, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Lawanna L. Koch, Thomas W. Seamans
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
In 1992, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) opened an Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) file for the avian immobilizing agent, alpha-chloralose (AC) for the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Currently, this INAD authorizes trained Wildlife Services (WS) personnel to use AC to immobilize and live-capture nuisance waterfowl (Anatidae spp.), American coots (Fulica americana) , pigeons (Columba livia), common ravens (Corvus corax) and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis). The use of AC has proven to be a valuable tool for WS and the …
Research Strategies To Reduce Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Robert G. Mclean
Research Strategies To Reduce Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Robert G. Mclean
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobaterium bovis, and is transmissible to humans, wildlife and domestic livestock. In the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serve as a reservoir for the disease and pose a significant threat to domestic cattle and captive cervids. Scientists at USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center have designed a variety of laboratory and field studies aimed at reducing or eliminating bTB infection in cattle by interrupting the transmission of the disease from wild life reservoirs. These strategies include reducing bTB in deer by delivery …
Operational Challenges Of Solving Urban Coyote Problems In Southern California, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Terrance A. Cox, John W. Turman, Joe R. Bennett
Operational Challenges Of Solving Urban Coyote Problems In Southern California, Dennis L. Orthmeyer, Terrance A. Cox, John W. Turman, Joe R. Bennett
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
We present challenges, methodologies, and solutions related to mitigating urban coyote (Canis latrans) problems in southern California. The physical environment, the diverse urban structure (green belts and parks) with its abundant food resources which support high coyote densities, combined with the human component (behavior, urbanization, politics) create operational challenges. The increasing disconnect between humans and wildlife, coyote emigration/immigration into the increasing rural/urban interface, and coyote life cycles that occur exclusively in urban environments, all contribute to the increase in coyote-human conflicts. California's southern counties' human population has expanded 13% over the period from 1990-2000 and is projected to …
The Co-Existing With Coyotes Program In Vancouver, B.C., Robyn Worcester, Robert Boelens
The Co-Existing With Coyotes Program In Vancouver, B.C., Robyn Worcester, Robert Boelens
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
When coyotes first arrived in Vancouver, BC they brought surprise, myths, and concern to the public as they grew comfortable in our city parks, golf courses, and neighborhoods. The Co-existing with Coyotes (CWC) program was created in 2001 and is based on the recommendations of a research project about public perceptions on urban coyotes. This program aims to reduce conflict between coyotes, pets, and people by providing information to both targeted and general audiences as well as providing a direct response to individual coyotes that are starting to, or are displaying, behavior of concern. The general public is reached through …
Urban Coyotes: A States' Perspective, Scott Smith
Urban Coyotes: A States' Perspective, Scott Smith
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The author summarizes the information presented and discussed during the Urban Coyote Symposium from a state wildlife agency's perspective. He notes the need to consider such management challenges not only from a biological, but also from a human dimensions perspective.
Urban Coyotes: Some Summary Thoughts, Jeffrey S. Green
Urban Coyotes: Some Summary Thoughts, Jeffrey S. Green
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services program provides services on request to help alleviate damage by wildlife to agriculture, natural resources and human health and safety. Such services may also involve dealing with coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban settings. Resolving problems with urban coyotes requires a mix of suitable methods but perhaps more importantly, an understanding of complex social and cultural issues surrounding people and wildlife.
Coyote Symposium Summary - From The Private Industry Perspective, Tim J. Julien
Coyote Symposium Summary - From The Private Industry Perspective, Tim J. Julien
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
My goal coming to the Conference, and being involved with the Wildlife Damage Management Working Group, with The Wildlife Society (TWS), and with all the other professional associations, is as a "sponge": to attend, to soak up the information, and to bring it back to members of National Wildlife Control Operators Association (NWCOA) and the private industry. Perhaps a better analogy is that I'm serving as a "translator". From that perspective, it has been a great success.
Gray Wolves And Livestock In Montana: A Recent History Of Damage Management, Carolyn A. Sime, Ed Bangs, Elizabeth Bradley, John E. Steuber, Kraig Glazier, Paul J. Hoover, Val Asher, Kent Laudon, Mike Ross, Jon Trapp
Gray Wolves And Livestock In Montana: A Recent History Of Damage Management, Carolyn A. Sime, Ed Bangs, Elizabeth Bradley, John E. Steuber, Kraig Glazier, Paul J. Hoover, Val Asher, Kent Laudon, Mike Ross, Jon Trapp
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The Montana gray wolf (Canis lupus) population grew from 2 wolves in 1979 to a minimum of 316 by late 2006. Resolving conflicts, both perceived and real, between wolves and livestock became a dominant social issue for the federal recovery program, and it remains so today. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service and now Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks work with United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services to reduce depredation risks and address wolf-related conflicts through a combination of non-lethal and lethal management tools. The number of wolf complaints investigated from …
A Review Of Successful Urban Coyote Management Programs Implemented To Prevent Or Reduce Attacks On Humans And Pets In Southern California, Rex O. Baker
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Since the fatal coyote (Canis latrans) attack on a 3-year-old girl in Glendale, California in 1981, government agencies have emphasized developing coyote management programs to increase public safety. This presentation will focus on the success of numerous programs including: small neighborhoods, industrial sites, parks, large city and county-wide projects. Local environmental conditions attracting coyotes, specific problems caused by the coyotes, public reaction, and the role of public relations including public education emphasizing environmental management, will be discussed. Coyote population monitoring regarding behavior patterns, aversive conditioning, and coyote population reduction methods will be reviewed. Trapping remains the most effective …
Coyotebytes.Org: A New Educational Website, Robert M. Timm
Coyotebytes.Org: A New Educational Website, Robert M. Timm
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
A web site, www.CoyoteBytes.org, has been developed as a tool to provide science based management recommendations to homeowners and municipal officials on methods to reduce conflicts with coyotes (Canis latrans) in urban and suburban areas. Such conflicts include aggression toward or attacks on children and adults; attacks on pet dogs and cats; attacks on hobby animals, such as poultry, sheep, and goats; and damage to drip irrigation systems, garden crops, and to other resources. In addition to providing information, the website allows individuals to upload photos or video clips of urban and suburban coyotes, and to submit firsthand …
Missouri's Feral Hog Task Force: Addressing Increasing Feral Swine Populations, R. Edwin Hartin, Thomas A. Hutton
Missouri's Feral Hog Task Force: Addressing Increasing Feral Swine Populations, R. Edwin Hartin, Thomas A. Hutton
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Feral hog (Sus scrofa) populations are expanding in size and distribution in Missouri and other parts of the United States. Increases of this invasive species are a serious concern because of the damage they cause and diseases they carry. Affected stakeholders in Missouri formed a task force in 1998 with sixteen member agencies and organizations to develop a program for the control/eradication of feral hogs in the state. The task force identified three objectives with appropriate supporting strategies to help achieve the ultimate goal: protection of Missouri 's public health, agricultural economy, and natural resources through eradication of …
A History Of Urban Coyote Problems, Robert M. Timm, Rex O. Baker
A History Of Urban Coyote Problems, Robert M. Timm, Rex O. Baker
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
We summarize previously published information on coyote attacks on humans in North America. This problem has developed primarily in urban and suburban areas of southern California since the early 1970s, and the frequency of attacks and other human safety incidents is increasing. Similar attacks are now known from at least 18 states in addition to California and from 4 Canadian provinces, with the majority of attacks occurring since the early 1990s. We review early explorers' and settlers' accounts of coyotes in the Los Angeles area, as well as development of coyote control programs during the 20th century. We also describe …
Suburban Coyote Management And Research Needs: A Northeast Perspective, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel A. Bogan, Gordon Batcheller
Suburban Coyote Management And Research Needs: A Northeast Perspective, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel A. Bogan, Gordon Batcheller
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Several factors may be responsible for increasing predator abundance in suburbia. These include an enhanced forage base associated with residential sprawl, and protection of predator species that were once persecuted and suppressed by hunters, trappers, and landowners. In the Northeast, anecdotal reports of coyotes (Canis latrans) killing pets in backyards are on the rise. The bulk of coyote complaints, concerns, and questions received from the public by state wildlife agencies are from areas with high human populations. Scant research exists on coyote behavioral ecology in human-altered landscapes. Biologists and managers need to understand changes in the social structure …
Reducing Rodenticide Hazards: Agricultural Settings, Terrell P. Salmon
Reducing Rodenticide Hazards: Agricultural Settings, Terrell P. Salmon
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Rodenticides including anticoagulants, zinc phosphide and strychnine are frequently used for rodent control in agricultural areas in California. While considered safe and effective, non-target secondary poisonings related to anticoagulants and other materials have been reported. There are many ways to influence the hazards associated with rodenticide use. The most important thing in controlling rodents in agricultural areas is to do the best job possible combining knowledge of the target species, bait materials and possible non-target impacts. When a control program fails or is not very effective, growers are often forced to use additional control efforts to try to correct the …
Impacts Of Wildlife Diseases In Urban Environments, Mike R. Dunbar, Ray T. Sterner, Shylo R. Johnson
Impacts Of Wildlife Diseases In Urban Environments, Mike R. Dunbar, Ray T. Sterner, Shylo R. Johnson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Approximately 60% of diseases causing pathogenic illness in humans originate in animals. Emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases pose considerable public health, environmental, and economic impacts in the U.S. There are over 250 urban areas in the U.S. with populations > 100,000. These densely populated centers, with concomitant development of natural areas, greenbelts, and walking trails, are viewed to exacerbate the potential for human-wildlife, pet-wildlife, and pet-human interactions leading to greater risks of zoonotic disease transmission. Wildlife rabies, West Nile virus (WNV), and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) offer illustrations of potential impacts from zoo noses in urban areas. Prevention of …
Blackbird Use Of Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots, George M. Linz, Jonathan M. Raetzman, Heath M. Hagy, H. Jeffrey Homan, William J. Bleier
Blackbird Use Of Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots, George M. Linz, Jonathan M. Raetzman, Heath M. Hagy, H. Jeffrey Homan, William J. Bleier
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Blackbird (Icteridae) damage to ripening sunflower fields in North Dakota ranges from $5-10 million and has probably forced many growers to abandon this crop. From 2004 to 2006, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services cost-shared Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots (WCSP) with sunflower growers. The objective of the WCSP was to provide blackbirds an attractive nearby alternative food source to reduce damage in commercial fields. From 2004 through 2006, sunflower damage in the WCSP's was 39%, 32%, and 60%, respectively. In comparison, damage in nearby commercial fields was 5%, 4%, and 18%, over those years. In 2006, drought in the region …
Endangered Species And Migratory Bird Treaty Act Considerations In Rodenticide Registration And Use, Nancy H. Golden
Endangered Species And Migratory Bird Treaty Act Considerations In Rodenticide Registration And Use, Nancy H. Golden
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The Endangered Species Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act protect wildlife from injury or harm resulting from human activities, including pesticide use. In administering these laws, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) advises federal and state agencies, and private landowners and organizations of ways in which to minimize the adverse effects of rodenticides upon threatened and endangered species, and migratory birds. Technical assistance and formal consultation with USFWS can occur on both the registration and use of a rodenticide, and may result in general mitigation to the overall labeled use of a product, or site-specific modification based on …
Chlorophacinone Baiting For Belding's Ground Squirrels, Craig A. Ramey, George H. Matschke, Richard M. Engeman
Chlorophacinone Baiting For Belding's Ground Squirrels, Craig A. Ramey, George H. Matschke, Richard M. Engeman
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The efficacy of using 0.01% chlorophacinone on steam-rolled oat (SRO) groats applied in CA alfalfa by spot-baiting/hand baiting around burrow entrances (~11.5 g) to control free-ranging Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) were compared in 6 randomly assigned square treatment units (TUs). Four TUs were given the rodenticide and 2 treated with placebo bait. Each TU was a 0.4 ha square surrounded by a similarly treated 5.5 ha square buffer zone. Baits were applied on May 13 and re-applied, on May 20 and May 22, after 7 days of un-forecasted cool wet weather greatly reduced their above ground activity. Pesticide (EPA …
Reducing Non-Target Hazards Of Rodenticides In Forest Settings, Wendy M. Arjo, David T. Bryson
Reducing Non-Target Hazards Of Rodenticides In Forest Settings, Wendy M. Arjo, David T. Bryson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Mammalian damage to forest resources is widespread and causes annual economic loss. Wildlife damage control is very important to the intensified land use practices and the economics of reforestation using seedlings. Reforestation areas provide ideal habitat for many wildlife species. However, animals negatively impact trees more severely during stand establishment than at any other time. While numerous non-lethal and lethal tools are available for large and medium-sized mammals, fewer tools are available for small mammals. The damage caused by these rodent species has in some cases warranted the use of rodenticides to control populations. Rodenticides are effective tools for reducing …
Efficacy Of Milorganite® As A Deer Repellent, George R. Gallagher, Stacey Brown, Tiffany Turner, Kristie L. Moniz
Efficacy Of Milorganite® As A Deer Repellent, George R. Gallagher, Stacey Brown, Tiffany Turner, Kristie L. Moniz
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Milorganite as a potential repellent to mitigate damage incurred to chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium) by free ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Milorganite, the biosolids by-product left from the activated sludge process from the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewer District, has had extensive use as an organic, slow releasing fertilizer and soil amendment in the past 80 years. Application of Milorganite as a top dressing, at three dose levels (1120 kg/ha, 2500 kg/ha, 5000 kg/ha) reduced damage (P < .05) to planted chrysanthemums by white-tailed deer over the 35 day study. While not significantly different (P > .05) compared to the lowest treatment level (1120 kg/ha), there was …
Alternative Bait Marker Systems For White-Tailed Deer, Abbey K. Thompson, Michael D. Samuel
Alternative Bait Marker Systems For White-Tailed Deer, Abbey K. Thompson, Michael D. Samuel
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
We compared alternative bait markers for a study of free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) based on the following criteria: 1) detectability in fecal matter; 2) incorporation into corn bait; 3) palatability; and 4) cost. We used penned sheep (Ovis aries) as an experimental model to evaluate Microtaggants, metallic flakes, plastic chips, and rare earth elements as bait markers, and molasses and soy lecithin as marker adhesives. The metallic flake-soy lecithin combination best met our criteria. It was also successful in a field study evaluating supplemental feeding on deer behavior and activity in central Wisconsin. Metallic flakes …
Reducing Rodenticide Hazards To Humans And Wildlife: The Need For Use Regulations, Michael Fry
Reducing Rodenticide Hazards To Humans And Wildlife: The Need For Use Regulations, Michael Fry
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Rodenticide use poses significant exposure risks for children and poisoning risks for native wild birds and mammals in the United States. Poison Control Center reports document 15,000 calls annually identifying household rat poison ingestion, with 88% of cases for children under age six. Wildlife poisonings from ingestion of baits or treated grain may occur whenever birds or mammals have access to the products. This is especially true for broadcast baits and treated grain used above ground in agricultural settings, or when baits are distributed around structures or outside waste containers. Secondary poisoning of predators and scavengers occurs when target rodents …
Characterization Of Wild Pig - Vehicle Collisions, John J. Mayer, Paul E. Johns
Characterization Of Wild Pig - Vehicle Collisions, John J. Mayer, Paul E. Johns
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Wild pig (Sus scrofa) collisions with vehicles are known to occur in the United States, but only minimal information describing these accidents has been reported. In an effort to better characterize these accidents, data were collected from 179 wild pig-vehicle collisions from a location in west central South Carolina. Data included accident parameters pertaining to the animals involved, time, location, and human impacts. The age structure of the animals involved was significantly older than that found in the population. Most collisions involved single animals. However, up to seven animals were involved in individual accidents. As the number of …
Assessing The Impact Of Urban Coyote On People And Pets In Austin, Travis County, Texas, Randy O. Farrar
Assessing The Impact Of Urban Coyote On People And Pets In Austin, Travis County, Texas, Randy O. Farrar
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The City of Austin acquires citizen reports of coyote (Canis latrans) observations or complaints through a toll-free non-emergency 311 telephone call system. The observed coyote behavior or activity reported by constituents is categorized into one of eight behavioral categories that correlate with observed changes in coyote behavior indicating an increasing risk to human safety. The categorical data is used to formulate indices of coyote behavior for accessing and monitoring the relative risk of urban coyotes to human safety over time. Behavioral indices with respect to established management zones are used to prioritize and target areas for preventing or …
My Experience: Setting Up An Urban Campaign Or Trapping Project For Urban Coyote Management, Dairen Simpson
My Experience: Setting Up An Urban Campaign Or Trapping Project For Urban Coyote Management, Dairen Simpson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
I discuss my personal experience in urban coyote (Canis latrans) management, including the following elements: 1) necessary liaisons and alliances (who are they?); 2) choosing methodology (pluses and minuses of each option); 3) necessity for target selectivity and minimal time at site (knowing when to quit, and ways to know); 4) public contact and on-site education for all concerned; 5) inter-agency contact and communication (remaining allies through the thick of it); 6) media communication; 7) following up actively after incidents or control work; and 8) examples of train wrecks and successes.
Missing Cats, Stray Coyotes: One Citizen's Perspective, Judith C. Webster
Missing Cats, Stray Coyotes: One Citizen's Perspective, Judith C. Webster
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The author explores the issue of urban coyotes (Canis latrans) and coyote management from a cat owner's perspective, with specific examples from Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Following a personal encounter with two coyotes in July 2005 that led to the death of a cat, the author has delved into the history of Vancouver's "Co-existing with Coyotes", a government-funded program run by a non-profit ecological society. The policy's roots in conservation biology, the environmental movement, and the human dimensions branch of wildlife management are documented. The author contends that "Co-existing with Coyotes" puts people and pets at greater risk of …
Bad Dogs: Why Do Coyotes And Other Canids Become Unruly?, Robert H. Schmidt, Robert M. Timm
Bad Dogs: Why Do Coyotes And Other Canids Become Unruly?, Robert H. Schmidt, Robert M. Timm
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
We summarize the behavior of several species of canids (coyotes, dingoes, and gray wolves) in relation to their habituation to humans and to human food sources. Striking parallels exist between coyotes and other wild canids in terms of the inclination of individual animals to act aggressively toward humans and even attack, once they have come to associate humans with food. We describe the stages of coyotes' behavioral adaptation to suburban ecosystems, listing 7 steps toward increasing habituation, which can be used as action thresholds for invoking active coyote management or removal efforts. We consider the hypothesis that coyotes may regard …
Response To Coyote Predation On Pets, Dorinda Pulliam
Response To Coyote Predation On Pets, Dorinda Pulliam
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
An urban coyote (Canis latrans) management program was initiated in Austin, Texas in January 2005 to address citizen's concerns that coyotes were becoming aggressive towards humans. Although preserving public safety is the fundamental foundation for the program, concomitant program objectives have evolved to include addressing citizens' high levels of concern regarding predation and attacks on house pets. From the citizen's perspective, it is unacceptable to ignore this issue, and demands for responsiveness have been heavy. The City of Austin's program has responded to this public concern in two ways. First, coyote conflicts involving pets are included in the …
Complexities Of Urban Coyote Management: Reaching The Unreachable, Teaching The Unteachable, And Touching The Untouchable, Robert H. Schmidt
Complexities Of Urban Coyote Management: Reaching The Unreachable, Teaching The Unteachable, And Touching The Untouchable, Robert H. Schmidt
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Urban coyote (Canis latrans) management is often complicated, but the technical portion of any management program is only one part of the equation. The use of lethal (traps, snares, shooting, toxicants) and non-lethal (exclusion, guard animals, husbandry practices, harassment) coyote management strategies can be successful, less than successful, or not successful depending on the appropriate match of technical skill and technology available in a particular situation. However, technical sophistication is only a portion of the management dilemma. Issues of policy, law, politics, and economics, as well as human values, attitudes, and ethics play an obvious and profound role …
The Use Of Rodenticides For Conservation Efforts, Gary Witmer, John D. Eisemann, Gregg Howald
The Use Of Rodenticides For Conservation Efforts, Gary Witmer, John D. Eisemann, Gregg Howald
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Non-native rats (Rattus spp.) and mice have been introduced to more than 80% of the island groups around the world. They have caused ecosystem-wide impacts, including the extirpation and extinction of many native and endemic species which evolved in a mammalian predator-free environment. Fortunately, practitioners have developed techniques to eradicate introduced rodents, allowing ecosystems to recover. Rodenticides have proven an effective tool in eradications, having been used in over 300 successful eradications worldwide. Careful planning, adequate resources, and a sustained effort by competent field staff are needed to help ensure a successful eradication program. Island eradications are logistically …