Digital Commons Network^™

Application Of A Cascade Membrane Filtration Process To Standardise Serum Protein Depleted Cheese Milk For Cheddar Cheese Manufacture, Xiaofeng Xia, John B. Tobin, Prateek Sharma, Mark Fenelon, Paul L.H. Mcsweeney, Jeremiah J. Sheehan

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

A cascade membrane filtration process including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was used to fractionate skim milk into different streams. Significant quantities of lactose and minerals were removed to permeate after MF at 0.14 μm. Cheese milk, of similar casein content to the raw milk, was standardised simultaneously for casein, lactose, ash and total calcium from the membrane streams without requiring CaCl2 and lactose addition. Serum protein depleted cheese milk of typical casein content had similar rennet coagulability, cheese composition, texture and yield to the control; milk of 1.5 × casein content had a faster coagulation rate …

Investigating The Direct And Indirect Effects Of Forest Fragmentation On Plant Functional Diversity, Jenny Zambrano, Norbert J. Cordeiro, Carol Garzon-Lopez, Lauren Yeager, Claire Fortunel, Henry J. Ndangalasi, Noelle G. Beckman

Biology Faculty Publications

Ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation alter the functional diversity of forests. Generalising the magnitude of change in functional diversity of fragmented landscapes and its drivers is challenging because of the multiple scales at which landscape fragmentation takes place. Here we propose a multi-scale approach to determine whether fragmentation processes at the local and landscape scales are reducing functional diversity of trees in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. We employ a structural equation modelling approach using five key plant traits (seed length, dispersal mode, shade tolerance, maximum tree height, and wood density) to better understand the functional responses of trees to …

Urban Garden Soils: Testing And Management, Melanie Stock, Tiffany Maughan, Paul R. Grossl

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides step-by-step instructions on selecting appropriate soil tests, sampling, and interpreting results. Soil tests measure plant nutrient needs and soil contamination, both important aspects of sustainable urban gardening. Although many garden centers sell home soil test kits, these tests are not recommended because they were developed outside of the Intermountain West with soils that have nearly opposite conditions. Soil tests conducted in local labs may cost more initially, but will provide results specific to Utah soils and management recommendations that balance long-term soil productivity, human health, and environmental sustainability. The Utah State University Analytical Labs (USUAL) is …

Equine Nutrition: Concentrates, Karl Hoopes, Patricia Evans, Scott Mckendrick

All Current Publications

Concentrate (grain) should be considered only as supplements to good quality hay. In general, a mature horse does not require the energy provided by concentrate-type feeds (grains/sweet feeds, pelleted feed, etc.) unless the horse is used for more than light work or in production, such as a lactating mare or a breeding stallion. Too many times horses are overfed rather than underfed. This fact sheet will help horse owners understand the digestive process and the general feeding requirements, including different grains and mixed grains, for their horses.

Equine Dental Care, Karl Hoopes, Patricia Evans, Diana Witkopf

All Current Publications

Just as people visit the dentist on a regular basis to maintain proper dental health, horses also require regular dental care. Horses should have at least annual dental check-ups to maintain proper alignment and remove points and hooks. This publication provides facts and suggestions on basic equine dental care for horses of all ages.

First Detector Guide To Invasive Insects, Lori R. Spears, Diane G. Alston, Erin Brennan, Cami Cannon, Joey Caputo, Ryan Davis, Liz Herbertson, Colleen Keyes, Danielle Malesky, Darren Mcavoy, Ann M. Mull, Ricardo A. Ramirez, Taryn M. Rodman, Kristopher Watson

All Current Publications

This is a guide to help first detectors identify invasive insects, including biology, identification, and monitoring.

Comparison Of In Vitro Inactivation Of Sars Cov-2 With Hydrogen Peroxide And Povidone-Iodine Oral Antiseptic Rinses, Avinash S. Bidra, Jesse S. Pelletier, Jonna B. Westover, Samantha Frank, Seth M. Brown, Belachew Tessema

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Purpose

To evaluate the in vitro inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) oral antiseptic rinses at clinically recommended concentrations and contact times.

Materials and Methods

SARS‐CoV‐2, USA‐WA1/2020 strain virus stock was prepared prior to testing by growing in Vero 76 cells. The culture media for prepared virus stock was minimum essential medium (MEM) with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 50 µg/mL gentamicin. Test compounds consisting of PVP‐I oral rinse solutions and H2O2 aqueous solutions were mixed directly with the virus solution so that the final concentration was 50% of …

Western Bumble Bee: Declines In The Continental United States And Range-Wide Information Gaps, Tabitha A. Graves, William M. Janousek, Sarah M. Gaulke, Amy C. Nicholas, Douglas A. Keinath, Christine M. Bell, Syd Cannings, Richard G. Hatfield, Jennifer M. Heron, Jonathan B. Koch, Helen L. Loffland, Leif L. Richardson, Ashley T. Rohde, Jessica Rykken, James P. Strange, Et Al.

Wildland Resources Student Research

In recent decades, many bumble bee species have declined due to changes in habitat, climate, and pressures from pathogens, pesticides, and introduced species. The western bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis), once common throughout western North America, is a species of concern and will be considered for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We attempt to improve alignment of data collection and research with USFWS needs to consider redundancy, resiliency, and representation in the upcoming species status assessment. We reviewed existing data and literature on B. occidentalis, highlighting information gaps …

Space Use And Relative Habitat Selection For Immature Green Turtles Within A Caribbean Marine Protected Area, Lucas P. Griffin, Brian J. Smith, Michael S. Cherkiss, Andrew G. Crowder, Clayton G. Pollock, Zandy Hillis-Starr, Andy J. Danylchuk, Kristen M. Hart

Wildland Resources Student Research

Background

A better understanding of sea turtle spatial ecology is critical for the continued conservation of imperiled sea turtles and their habitats. For resource managers to develop the most effective conservation strategies, it is especially important to examine how turtles use and select for habitats within their developmental foraging grounds. Here, we examine the space use and relative habitat selection of immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) using acoustic telemetry within the marine protected area, Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM), St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands.

Results

Space use by turtles was concentrated on the southern side of …

Existing Empirical Kinetic Models In Biochemical Methane Potential (Bmp) Testing, Their Selection And Numerical Solution, Yehor Pererva, Charles D. Miller, Ronald C. Sims

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests are a crucial part of feasibility studies to estimate energy recovery opportunities from organic wastes and wastewater. Despite the large number of publications dedicated to BMP testing and numerous attempts to standardize procedures, there is no “one size fits all” mathematical model to describe biomethane formation kinetic precisely. Importantly, the kinetics models are utilized for treatability estimation and modeling processes for the purpose of scale-up. A numerical computation approach is a widely used method to determine model coefficients, as a replacement for the previously used linearization approach. However, it requires more information for each model …

Developing A Mobile Application‐Based Particle Image Velocimetry Tool For Enhanced Teaching And Learning In Fluid Mechanics: A Design‐Based Research Approach, Angela L. Minichiello, David Armijo, Sarbajit Mukherjee, Lori M. Caldwell, Vladimir Kulyukin, Tadd T. Truscott, Jack Elliott, Aditya Bhouraskar

Engineering Education Faculty Publications

A robust and intuitive understanding of fluid mechanics—the applied science of fluid motion—is foundational within many engineering disciplines, including aerospace, chemical, civil, mechanical, naval, and ocean engineering. In‐depth knowledge of fluid mechanics is critical to safe and economical design of engineering applications employed globally everyday, such as automobiles, aircraft, and sea craft, and to meeting global 21st century engineering challenges, such as developing renewable energy sources, providing access to clean water, managing the environmental nitrogen cycle, and improving urban infrastructure. Despite the fundamental nature of fluid mechanics within the broader undergraduate engineering curriculum, students often characterize courses in fluid mechanics …

Investigating The Dynamics Of Elk Population Size And Body Mass In A Seasonal Environment Using A Mechanistic Integral Projection Model, Shelly Lachish, Ellen E. Brandell, Meggan E. Craft, Andrew P. Dobson, Peter J. Hudson, Daniel R. Macnulty, Tim Coulson

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Environmentally mediated changes in body size often underlie population responses to environmental change, yet this is not a universal phenomenon. Understanding when phenotypic change underlies population responses to environmental change is important for obtaining insights and robust predictions of population dynamics in a changing world. We develop a dynamic integral projection model that mechanistically links environmental conditions to demographic rates and phenotypic traits (body size) via changes in resource availability and individual energetics. We apply the model to the northern Yellowstone elk population and explore population responses to changing patterns of seasonality, incorporating the interdependence of growth, demography, and density-dependent …

Size And Scope Of Utah Agriculture 2019, Ryan Feuz, Ryan Larsen

All Current Publications

Utah is part of the Mountain West region of states and is bordered by Idaho to the north, Wyoming to the northeast, Colorado to the east, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also shares its southeast corner with New Mexico. As of July 1, 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau (2019) estimated the population of Utah was 3,205,958. This fact sheet explores the land use and ownership, climate and growing season, crop and livestock production, irrigation, and information regarding farm income and operators in the state of Utah.

Keeping It Classy: Classification Of Live Fish And Ghost Pit Tags Detected With A Mobile Pit Tag Interrogation System Using An Innovative Analytical Approach, J. Benjamin Stout, Mary Conner, Phaedra Budy, Peter Mackinnon, Mark Mckinstry

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The ability of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag data to improve demographic parameter estimates has led to the rapid advancement of PIT tag systems. However, ghost tags create uncertainty about detected tag status (i.e., live fish or ghost tag) when using mobile interrogation systems. We developed a method to differentiate between live fish and ghost tags using a random forest classification model with a novel data input structure based on known fate PIT tag detections in the San Juan River (New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, USA). We used our model to classify detected tags with an overall error rate of …

Utah Land Management Evaluation And Assessment Network Needs Assessment, Jordan Smith

All Current Publications

It can be difficult to make and implement land management decisions that are informed by the best available science, satisfy different stakeholders, and are compliant with established policies and regulations. Local, state, and federal entities with the capacity to influence land management decisions, can benefit from an understanding of the shared needs of landowners and managers. This needs assessment reports on the shared information, funding, and research needs expressed by land managers and owners throughout Utah who make decisions about: (1) fire prevention and suppression; (2) livestock grazing; (3) fisheries; or (4) wildlife. The report provides a high-level assessment of …

The Moral Pitfalls Of Color-Coded Coronavirus Warning Systems, Rachel Robinson-Greene

Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

As states around the country ease lockdown restrictions, some are putting into place systems advising people about threat levels. In some states, these are color-coded systems that strongly resemble the Homeland Security Advisory system, put into place by George W. Bush to inform people about the risk of threats from terrorism after the September 11th terrorist attacks.

Livestock Preference For Endophyte-Infected Or Endophyte-Free Oxytropis Sericea, Ipomoea Carnea, And Ipomoea Asarifolia, James Pfister, Daniel Cook, Stephen T. Lee, Dale R. Gardner, Franklin Riet-Correa

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Fungal endophyte-infected forages have been shown to alter herbivore feeding preferences. The objective of this experiment was to compare the preference of cattle, sheep, and goats for plants containing (E+) and not containing (E-) fungal endophytes using freshly harvested Oxytropis sericea, Ipomoea carnea, and Ipomoea asarifolia. Goats and sheep rejected all forage choices regardless of endophyte status except for grass and alfalfa hay. Endophyte status had no influence on cattle forage preferences. Cattle rejected all Oxytropis sericea E+ and E- choices. Cattle discriminated between Ipomoea species, preferring Ipomoea carnea to Ipomoea asarifolia (P = 0.004). In all …

Rapid In-Vitro Inactivation Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) Using Povidone-Iodine Oral Antiseptic Rinse, Avinash S. Bidra, Jesse S. Pelletier, Jonna B. Westover, Samantha Frank, Seth M. Brown, Belachew Tessema

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Purpose

To investigate the optimal contact time and concentration for viricidal activity of oral preparation of povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) against SARS‐CoV‐2 (‘corona virus’) to mitigate the risk and transmission of the virus in the dental practice.

Materials and Methods

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) USA‐WA1/2020 strain, virus stock was tested against oral antiseptic solutions consisting of aqueous povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) as the sole active ingredient. The PVP‐I was tested at diluted concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Test media without any virus was added to 2 tubes of the compounds to serve as toxicity and neutralization controls. Ethanol (70%) …

Aging Horses By Their Teeth, Karl Hoopes, Patricia Evans, Nancy Jack

All Current Publications

This publication tells how to pinpoint a horses age, within a fairly narrow range, by examining its teeth. Being able to pinpoint age can be of use to owners of unregistered horses or horses whose age is unknown for any reason. Many health and nutrition management decisions are directly related to age and dental wear, making it even more important for all horse owners to have a general understanding of how a horse’s mouth changes with age. From a historical perspective, up until recently when organized associations started keeping birth dates on registered horses, most horse professionals took great pride …

Remarkable Response Of Native Fishes To Invasive Trout Suppression Varies With Trout Density, Temperature, And Annual Hydrology, Brian D. Healy, Robert C. Schelly, Charles B. Yackulic, Emily C. Omana Smith, Phaedra Budy

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Recovery of imperiled fishes can be achieved through suppression of invasives, but outcomes may vary with environmental conditions. We studied the response of imperiled desert fishes to an invasive brown (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) suppression program in a Colorado River tributary, with natural flow and longitudinal variation in thermal characteristics. We investigated trends in fish populations related to suppression and tested hypotheses about the impacts of salmonid densities, hydrologic variation, and spatial–thermal gradients on the distribution and abundance of native fish species using zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models. Between 2012 and 2018, …

Analysis Of Movement Recursions To Detect Reproductive Events And Estimate Their Fate In Central Place Foragers, Simona Picardi, Brian J. Smith, Matthew E. Boone, Peter C. Frederick, Jacopo G. Cecere, Diego Rubolini, Lorenzo Serra, Simone Pirrello, Rena R. Borkhataria, Mathieu Basille

Ecology Center Publications

Background

Recursive movement patterns have been used to detect behavioral structure within individual movement trajectories in the context of foraging ecology, home-ranging behavior, and predator avoidance. Some animals exhibit movement recursions to locations that are tied to reproductive functions, including nests and dens; while existing literature recognizes that, no method is currently available to explicitly target different types of revisited locations. Moreover, the temporal persistence of recursive movements to a breeding location can carry information regarding the fate of breeding attempts, but it has never been used as a metric to quantify recursive movement patterns. Here, we introduce a method …

Reducing The Spread Of Infection: Hand Washing, Darlene Christensen

All Current Publications

This publication provides instructions and information on proper hand-washing techniques.

Exploring The Phenomenon Of Distance In Children's Interactions With Touchscreen Digital Mathematics Games, Stephen I. Tucker, Patricia S. Moyer-Packenham

Teacher Education and Leadership Faculty Publications

This study examines the construct of distance – the degree of difficulty of interacting with something – as part of activity involving children using touchscreen digital games to learn mathematics. Ten fifth-grade children engaged in video-recorded semi-structured task-based interviews in which they used two touchscreen digital mathematics games on a touchscreen tablet and responded to semi-structured follow-up questions. Qualitative data analysis was iterative, featuring analytic memoing and eclectic coding techniques to identify themes related to distance. In advanced coding stages, magnitude coding was used to characterize the degree of distance present. Findings provide evidence of the presence of distance, changes …

Migratory Behavior And Winter Geography Drive Differential Range Shifts Of Eastern Birds In Response To Recent Climate Change, Clark S. Rushing, J. Andrew Royle, David J. Ziolkowski Jr, Keith L. Pardieck

Ecology Center Publications

Over the past half century, migratory birds in North America have shown divergent population trends relative to resident species, with the former declining rapidly and the latter increasing. The role that climate change has played in these observed trends is not well understood, despite significant warming over this period. We used 43 y of monitoring data to fit dynamic species distribution models and quantify the rate of latitudinal range shifts in 32 species of birds native to eastern North America. Since the early 1970s, species that remain in North America throughout the year, including both resident and migratory species, appear …

Horseradish In The Garden, Dan Drost, Gilbert Young

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes horseradish in the garden, varieties, how to grow, pest control, harvesting and storage, productivity, nutrition, and frequently asked questions.

Type I Interferon Underlies Severe Disease Associated With Junín Virus Infection In Mice, Brady T. Hickerson, Eric J. Sefing, Kevin W. Bailey, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Manuel L. Penichet, Brian B. Gowen

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Student Research

Junín virus (JUNV) is one of five New World mammarenaviruses (NWMs) that causes fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans and is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). The pathogenesis underlying AHF is poorly understood; however, a prolonged, elevated interferon-α (IFN-α) response is associated with a negative disease outcome. A feature of all NWMs that cause viral hemorrhagic fever is the use of human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1) for cellular entry. Here, we show that mice expressing hTfR1 develop a lethal disease course marked by an increase in serum IFN-α concentration when challenged with JUNV. Further, we provide evidence that …

Peanuts In The Garden, Dan Drost, Taun Beddes

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes peanuts, recommended varieties, how to grow, planting and spacing, problems, harvest and storage, and nutrition.

Mercury Biogeochemical Cycling: A Synthesis Of Recent Scientific Advances, Mae Sexauer Gustin, Michael S. Bank, Kevin Bishop, Katlin Bowman, Brian Branfireun, John Chételat, Chris S. Eckley, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, Carl Lamborg, Seth Lyman, Antonio Martínez-Cortizas, Jonas Sommar, Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui, Tong Zhang

Bingham Research Center

The focus of this paper is to briefly discuss the major advances in scientific thinking regarding: a) processes governing the fate and transport of mercury in the environment; b) advances in measurement methods; and c) how these advances in knowledge fit in within the context of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Details regarding the information summarized here can be found in the papers associated with this Virtual Special Issue of STOTEN.

Development, Characterization, And Application Of Two Reporter-Expressing Recombinant Zika Viruses, Sang-Im Yun, Byung-Hak Song, Michael E. Woolley, Jordan C. Frank, Justin G. Julander, Young-Min Lee

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. To facilitate the identification of potential antivirals, we developed two reporter-expressing ZIKVs, each capable of expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein or an improved luminescent NanoLuc luciferase. First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. Two reporter-expressing ZIKVs were then generated by …

Others' Publications About Ehdi

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

No abstract provided.