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Error Patterning And Hypothesis Behavior Of Children And Pigeons In Discrimination Learning, William Robert Jenson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Characteristic distributions of errors across fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement were studied for two types of discrimination paradigms. Two experiments studied error patterns as a function of hypothesis behavior in two species of animals, children and pigeons.

Three key zero-delay matching-to-sample and two key simultaneous discrimination were reinforced for both species of animals on fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Experiment 1 involved children on matching-to-sample and simultaneous discrimination, and Experiment 2 involved pigeons on matching-to-sample and simultaneous discrimination. Both species of subjects experienced experimental conditions in which shift or stay response hypotheses were selectively reinforced using a high speed digital …

Age And Sex As Influences On The Food Preferences Of Preschool Children, Tish Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A descriptive -exploratory study on the influences of age and sex on the food preferences of preschool children was undertaken to add to the knowledge of the effects of self-selection on the foods chosen and the order in which they were eaten.

Twenty-eight preschool children (fourteen two-year-olds and fourteen four and one-half-year-olds) were given two trials in which they named, selected, and ate foods from a predetermined array of seven food items.

The results indicate that there is a difference in the order in which the children of this study ate the food items. Both age groups selected candy first, …

Assessment Of Possible Carcinogenic Hazards Created In Surrounding Ecosystems By Oil Shale Developments, Gerald L. Dassler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One of the purposes of an environmental assessment is to foresee potential problems created by the introduction of contaminants into an ecosystem and to suggest appropriate control devices to mitigate the effects of such inputs. In the case of the oil shale industry, very little is known about the potential hazards, especially those related to the emission of organic compounds with carcinogenic potency. The hazards will probably be due to chronic exposures to the emitted compounds and the effects of such exposures are likely to take years to manifest themselves, as is the case with many carcinogenic substances. A precise …

Families Without A Home: Child-Rearing Patterns In A Palestinian Refugee Camp, Hala Jamal Hammad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate child rearing in a Palestinian refugee camp and the values affecting these patterns . The areas investigated were: independence, dependency, aggression, methods of control, sex role training, mother-child interaction, maternal role, maternal expectations of the child in the present time and the future, and the role of the father as perceived by the mother.

An interview was undertaken in October, 1974 at the Al Hussein refugee camp in Amman, Jordan with forty Palestinian in-camp refugee mothers. Since the review of literature did not contain specific references in the psychology, or sociology of …

The Preschool Child's Knowledge Of Musical Pitch, Farol Ann Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to determine what kinds of musical instruments were most effective in developing pitch discrimination in preschool children. Five melody instruments were used in this study, including a wooden soprano recorder, a C flute, a commercially made xylophone, a melodica, and a set of cut conduit pipes played as a xylophone-type instrument. Children from the Child Development Labs at Utah State University, Logan, Utah comprised the sample.

It was found that children do identify high and low pitches more easily in some instruments than in others. They discriminated between high and low pitches of the …

Husband-Father Involvement In The Family As Perceived By A Select Group Of Husbands And Wives, David Hugh Findlay

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare perceptions of husbands with perceptions of wives to determine if there were any significant differences between them. The perceptions dealt with husband-father involvement in the family. Husband and father patterns have experienced many alterations over the past years, and in general, have changed from strict patriarchal or traditional patterns to more equalitarian or contemporary patterns. Considering the changes that have occurred, it was hypothesized that husbands and wives would tend to perceive husband-father involvement quite differently.

Questionnaires were created by the investigator of this study. They were designed primarily to determine the …

Graduate Recital, Judy Ann Morgan

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The recital and its consequent report are the culmination of the Master's candidate's years of study. In order to choose his program he must become familiar with the finest compositions suitable for his vocal characteristics. He must research the musical periods and analyze the individual idiosyncrasies of the composers in order to interpret the compositions he performs. He must become aware of his voice, its strengths and weaknesses, and learn to manipulate it to produce pleasing effects. And most difficult of all, he must discipline himself to do the writing, researching, analyzing, memorizing, and rehearsing which will lead to the …

Some Implications Of Changing Natural Resource Use On Leadership Structure And As A Source Of Conflict In The Bear Lake Area Of Utah And Idaho, William C. Dunaway

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several problems have arisen in recent years as the Bear Lake area of Utah and Idaho has rapidly changed from an agricultural center to a recreation center. Some of these problems have included increased pollution of the lake, rising taxes, damages through fluctuations in the level of the lake and increased crime and traffic problems.

To test the assumptions and theoretical framework of this study, five hypotheses and three sub-hypotheses were formulated. Basically, these hypotheses stated that changing land and water uses; (1) disrupt the status quo of existing social systems and that incompatible values held by different vested interest …

Some Effects Of Mechanical Deboning On The Composition And The Bioavailability Of Protein And Iron In Turkey Frame Meat, Lowell C. Allred

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Meat was obtained from a single daily lot of turkey frames by mechanically deboning with a Beehive AU 4171 deboner and by hand deboning. The meat was analyzed for protein, fat, moisture, ash, iron, calcium, and 19 amino acids. Mechanically deboned turkey had 68 percent more ash, 74 percent more iron, and nine times more calcium than the hand deboned turkey meat. Other constituents were about equal in the two products. Protein bioavailability tests, including protein efficiency ratio, biological value, net protein utilization, and nitrogen efficiency for growth, did not reveal significant differences between mechanically deboned and hand deboned turkey. …

A Longitudinal Study, Part Iii: The Relationship Of Weight, Health Status, Diet And Anxiety To Serum Cholesterol Levels In Adults, Kristine S. Saunders

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Over an 18-year period, beginning in 1955, a group of subjects has been studied six times to determine if any relationship exists among serum cholesterol levels, body weight, health status, diet quality and stress or anxiety. For the first four test periods, extending through ages 7 to 16 years, there were 321 subjects. Later, in 1968, 86 of the original 321 subjects, now aged 19-22 years, were able to participate in a follow-up study. The 1974 study was able to involve 30 of the original 321 subjects now aged 26-29 years. Findings show that from approximately the fifteenth year onward …

Heat Stability Of Residual Milk Clotting Enzymes In Cheese Whey, James Winter Duersch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eliminating calcium chloride and replacing whole casein with k-casein eliminated clouding and sharpened diffusion boundaries in casein-agar gels used for the estimation of residual milk clotting enzymes in curd and whey. It also eliminated the need for a highly purified calcium-free agar. The substrate contained .54 percent k-casein, 3.6 percent sodium acetate, .73 percent bacto-agar and 95.13 percent water. The pH was adjusted to 5.9 with .1N hydrochloric acid.

Proteases derived from Mucor pusillus var Lindt, Mucor Miehei and Endothia parasitica, as well as rennet, procine and bovine pepsins were used at recommended levels to set milk for …

The Role Of Zinc In Insulin Metabolism In The Pancreas Of The Rat, Chih-Chi Liaw

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of in vitro trials have been conducted to determine what relationship exists between zinc and the insulin mechanism.

There were no significant differences of the zinc contents in total pancreases excised from the rats thirty minutes after the intraperitoneal glucose dose or from the non-dosed controls. When pancreases were cut into three pieces, and treated in three ways: Incubated without glucose (IWG) followed by isolation of the islets; incubated with glucose (IWG) followed by isolation of the islets; islets were isolated, then incubated with glucose (IWG). The zinc content in the islets was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the first group than the others.

The insulin …

Breeding Biology And Pesticide-Pcb Contamination Of Western Grebe At Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Mark L. Lindvall

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The breeding biology of western grebe was studied at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah in 1973 and 1974. More than 300 nests were located and data gathered on nesting habitat and success. Western grebe at Bear River selected nest sites for nearness to open water of approximately 30 em in depth. At least one young was hatching in 21 percent of the nests. Avian predation and abandonment of nests following drops in water levels caused the greatest loss of nests. Chlorinated hydrocarbons monitored in western grebes showed DDE, DDD, PCB, 1260, and PCB 1254 levels in 24 breast muscle …

Productivity Of Two Utah Deer Herds As Related To Nutrition, Clarence Leon Pack

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study of mule deer occupying deer management units 53 and 54 in south central Utah was conducted from August, 1971 to May, 1974 to determine food habits, caloric requirements, dietary nutritional levels, and productivity. Transects, fecal analyses, weight data, classification counts, and forage analyses were used to accomplish these objectives.

Food habits of deer on the two units were similar, except for higher use of scrub oak on unit 53 and higher use of snowberry on unit 54.

Deer on unit 54 were significantly larger than those on unit 53. Thus, their caloric requirements also were significantly higher.

Deer …

Verbal Memory Of Preschool Indian And Non/Indian Headstart Children, Karen L. Swenson Carter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses l) there is a significant difference between scores of Head Start children on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in Utah and the norms of the Verbal Memory Test from the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities; 2) there will not be an association between being Indian or non-Indian; 3 ) there will be an association between teaching styles and the children's performance on the language test. The T test was used to analyze all of the data. The experimental sample scored lower, but not significantly lower than the standardized norms. …

Reluctant Immigrants Of Utah The Uncompahgre Utes, James W. Wardle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to narrate the history of the Uncompahgre Utes to the time of their removal to Utah territory in 1881. During about three hundred years of Ue-Spanish, Mexican relations, the Uncompahgres were never seriously threatened with subjugation. With the acquisition of the horses and other trade goods from the Spanish, the Uncompahgres developed many traits of the Plains Indians. They ranged over vast areas hunting wild animals, and raiding whites and enemy tribes.

But in less than thirty-three years after the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo which placed all of their domain within the …

The Anti-Thyroid Effects Of Halogenated Phenols And Pyridinols, Leland Steven Beck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research was initiated to determine the mechanism(s) of action that could explain increased weight gain and decreased milk production in dairy cattle fed corn silage containing residues of certain organophosphate pesticides. It was proposed that the mode of action involved and alteration of thyroid physiology by the metabolites of the pesticides, namely halogenated phenols. Studies were carried out to determine the effect of tri-halogenated phenols and pyridinols upon T₄-binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to liver mitochondria isolated from male rats. Using the rat as a model, feeding trials were performed to determine the effect of …

Effects Of Forced Exercise On Fertility, Parturition, Mammary Edema, Feed Consumption, And Milk Production In Two-Year-Old Holstein Dairy Heifers, Brent O. Barker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-two springer Holstein heifers were grouped in threes by sire, body weight, and due date. One of each group served as a control (no exercise). One of each group was exercised at 5.5 kilometers per hour for 1.6 kilometers per day, 5 days per week beginning 4 weeks before expected calving date . The third member of each group was exercised the same as the second member, but exercise was continued for 10 days after calving. Exercise was in a circular lane with a motor driven gate. Prepartum exercise increased ease of parturition and reduced the length of time from …

Population Dynamics And Age Determination For Five Utah Deer Herds, David L. Beall

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ages of 213 deer killed during the 1972 hunting season were determined by: (1) eruption-replacement and wear criteria in the field: (2) employing the tooth eruption-replacement and wear criteria under optimum laboratory conditions; and by (3) cementum-annulation counts. Incisors collected for cementum-annulation counts were decalcified in 5 percent nitric acid, sections 16-18 microns were cut on a cryostat and stained in hematoxylin for 18 ± 2 minutes. Age determinations by cementum-annulation counts showed 87 percent agreement with the results obtained by eruption-replacement and wear criteria in the laboratory.

Survival rates were estimated from the age distribution of 740 teeth aged …

Role Theory Considered As An Influence On Criminal And Deviant Behavior In The Utah State Park System -- A Manager Problem, Gerald R. Grove Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individual attitudes toward law enforcement and perceptions of camper role skills, along with a knowledge of park and campground rules, were measured with a questionnaire and compared through Partial Correlation and Pearson Product-Moment Correlations. Demographic information was also gathered and compared with the attitude and rules knowledge data for significance.

Results showed that attitude toward law enforcement and attitude toward camper role skills are significantly related. Attitude toward law enforcement and knowledge of rules also proved to have a significant relationship. However, attitude toward camper role skills had no statistical relationship to rules knowledge. The demographic data was found to …

A Decision Theory Approach To A Resource Management System In Corn Production, James L. Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The major purpose of this study is to make additional information available to the farm manager through the use of decision theory. This will enable him to improve the decision-making process relating to corn production. The goal is to use the resources at his disposal more efficiently and profitably. This study is primarily concerned with factors that influence planting date and corn variety selection. Within the framework of decision theory analysis, a priori and posteriori probabilities are employed to calculate the losses that may occur to corn crops in the Cache Valley area of Utah because of harmful spring frosts …

Effects Of Group, Individual, And Isolated Rearing Of Dairy Calves On Weight Gain And Social Development, Val D. Warnick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-six dairy calves were observed for four months to determine the effect of three housing methods, group, individual and isolated on body weight gain, feed consumption, age when started to consume grain, daily activity patterns, open field test of behavior and social rank. Six calves were assigned to each of the three treatments in two separate trials of eighteen calves. These calves were raised in their treatment for approximately two months and then weaned and placed together in a group of eighteen for two more months.

Treatments ranked in order from high to low according to least squares means for …

Feeding Behavior Of Pen Reared Mule Deer Under Winter Range Conditions, Michael A. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined the feeding responses of mule deer to a system of spring livestock grazing. The specific purposes were 1) to determine botanical composition of diets selected by mule deer on a winter range subjected to previous spring grazing by sheep compared to one with no sheep grazing and 2) to develop a basis for predicting selection of individual plants by deer, based on physical characteristics of the plants and the species and physical proximity of associated plants.

The study was conducted within the framework of a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments. Variables controlled for each unit …

Socioecology Of The Vicuna, William L. Franklin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The social organization of the vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) and its relationship to the environment were studied at the Pampa Galeras National Vicuna Reserve in southern Peru from May 1968 to April 1971. Behavioral data were collected on groups within a grid of 12.4 km² during 3,800 hours of observation. The vicuna's alpine grassland environment was characterized by greatly fluctuating and freezing temperatures, light precipitation, high evaporation, wind, short growing seasons, shallow and infertile soils and low plant production. Vicuna habitat quality was dependent upon high producing, preferred vegetation types and close access to permanent water and a …

Food-Searching Behavior Of Free-Living Ferruginous Hawks: Factors Affecting The Use Of Hunting Methods And Hunting Sites, James Stuart Wakeley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Food-searching behavior of two adult male Ferruginous Hawks (Buteo regalis) was studied by direct observation in Curlew Valley, Utah-Idaho, during the nesting seasons of 1974 and 1975. This paper analyzes the effects of vegetation type, prey distribution, cover density, previous experience, and time and energy budgets upon the predators' choice of hunting methods and hunting sites.

Both hawks hunted actively throughout the day (0600 to 2100 hours MDT). Male 1 (1974) and Male 2 (1975) captured an average of 8.7 ± 2.0 and 9.0 ± 1.5 prey items per day, respectively, during the 4-wk observation period in each …

Forage Selection And Nutrition Of Sheep And Goats Grazing In The Tunisian Pre-Sahara, Rudolfo Ricardo Griego

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nomadic pastoralism has been the traditional method of utilizing grazing resources in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa. However, increased sedentarization accompanied by growing human and animal populations during the past two decades is thought to be accelerating the desertification process, or desert expansion. The specific interactions of the grazing animal with this process has been speculated upon but not studied in detail. A comparative study was initiated during the spring grazing season of 1974 to determine sheep and goat nutritional and production responses, as well as patterns of vegetative selection and utilization under the pastoral system currently employed in …

Nitrogen Fertilization Studies In Dryland Winter Wheat And Potential Nitrogen Losses From The Soil At The Blue Creek Experimental Station In Northern Utah, Subhawat Intalap

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study compared the effects of nitrogen sources on the available inorganic soil nitrogen, nitrogen movement, nitrogen losses, and wheat yields when nitrogen fertilizers were applied to soil planted to dryland winter wheat at the Blue Creek Experimental Station in northern Utah.

In the fall 1973 soil samplings, the fertilizers producing the largest mineral nitrogen contents in the 0-30 cm soil depths were ammonium nitrate >ammonium sulfate > S-coated urea, when they were broadcast at the practical rate of 56 kg N/ha. There was no increase in the mineral nitrogen at the dee per depths in the fall or at any …

Effect Of Feeding Frequency And Caloric Intake On Weight Reduction In Obese Females, Richard Robert Weber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-five obese female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups required to consume their daily food intake according to the following feeding frequencies: (a) three isocaloric meals, (b) six isocaloric meals, (c) three isocaloric vii meals, (d) three meals in the proportion of 1/4:1/4:2/4, (e) six isocaloric meals, and (f) ad libitum (i.e., eight or more isocaloric meals). Members of the first two groups received dietary, nutritional, and exercise management information, while women in the remaining groups received instruction in behavioral control procedures in addition to the aforementioned educative treatment.

Experimental manipulations failed to produce a statistically …

Interpersonal Relations And Drug Use And Abuse, Larry J. Carlson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to make comparisons among regular marijuana users, heroin addicts and nondrug users on interpersonal dimensions of personality. Two interpersonal oriented instruments, the Interpersonal Check List (ICL) and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) were used to evaluate differences among these three groups.

The design of this study was a three group comparison. Each of these three groups contained between 28 and 30 subjects with age, education and socioeconomic level being controlled for in selection.

Three hypotheses were made directing investigation of the following three areas: One, discrepancy between the self and the ideal self …

Probability Learning In Prey Selection With A Great Horned Owl And A Red-Tailed Hawk, Deborah L. Mueller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the hunting strategies of birds of prey in a probability learning situation. One great horned owl and one red-tailed hawk served as subjects. Three boxes and associated perches, each representing different potential prey areas, were placed in a room adjacent to the birds' regular housing and served as test apparatus. One box were required to land on a perch in order to gain access to the associated box and to the potential prey. A discrete-trial, self-correction procedure was used. In Experiment I, Box 1 was loaded with a live laboratory mouse on …