Digital Commons Network^™

The Association Of Seed And Cone Predator Populations And Cone Crop Production In Engelmann Spruce, Dawn E. Cameron

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) exhibits cone crop periodicity, producing seed in a cyclic pattern. Variation in seed production has been noted between individuals of a population, but synchronization on a large scale is common. The theory that ultimately these periodic large cone crops have resulted from the selective pressures of seed and cone predators, referred to as the predator satiation hypothesis, is considered. Assuming predator pressures have operated over evolutionary time to select for periodic synchrony, associations between seed and cone predators and cone crop production levels were anticipated. These potential consequences of predator satiation were …

Honoring The Farm: Identity And Meaning In Personal Narratives, Jeannie Banks Thomas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis employs the literary folklorist methodology to explore personal narratives. Personal narratives told by Elizabeth (Beth) Wyatt Winn were analyzed. It was discovered that these narratives provide an eyewitness account of history, reveal world views, and encapsulate experiences into values and personal meanings. The depth of meaning found in Elizabeth (Beth) Wyatt Winn's personal narratives illustrates the importance of personal narratives in historical research and historical re-creation and simulation.

Appendices include several oral interviews containing personal narratives.

Surfacing And The Diviners: A Comparative Study, Helen Beach Cannon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper explores religio-folkloric connections in two works of Canadian fiction--Surfacing, by Margaret Atwood, and The Diviners, by Margaret Laurence. On several levels these books have striking parallels. They are here treated as novels of quest and in terms of elemental symbology.

Effects Of Exercise And Cheese Supplemented Diet On Cholesterol And Lipoprotein Fractions In Free-Living Young Human Subjects, Kathleen A. Gabel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg …

The Effect Of Reinforcer Type On The Resurgence Of Responding, Lori Light-Richter

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine whether a previously reinforced response would resurge following the reinforcement and subsequent extinction of a second response when the two responses were established using two different reinforcers, and when both responses had been equivalent training. Rats were trained to press either a lever or a key with either food or water as the reinforcer. After this response had been extinguished, the alternative behavior was trained with the alternate reinforcer. Finally, this second behavior was extinguished. Little resurgence of the original response was noted for either subjects trained under same- or different- reinforcer …

Impact Of Development On Traditional Pastoralism In Somalia, Abdulkadir A. Handulle

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The Somali pastoral nomads live in an environmental condition of risk and uncertainty. The scarce and unreliable rainfall is the primary element ·which determines the existence of nomadic pastoralism. The lands devoted to pastoralism in Somalia are those arid and semi-arid areas that could not sustain cropping, so that pastoralism may be considered the only rational utilization of the land resource. Nomads live in an environment where the survival of both animals and plants are constrained by many factors such as droughts. Yet, both nomads and their animals have evolved by learning numerous adaptive strategies to cope with their harsh, …

Investigations Of Field Performance And Physiological Effects Of Metsulfuron And Metsulfuron Combinations On Field Bindweed (Convolvulus Arvensis L.), Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) is a noxious perennial weed of many fallow and cropland fields all over the world. Present control methods are not satisfactory for field bindweed. Metsulfuron, 2[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] benzoic acid, is a new herbicide that has been shown to have activity on bindweed especially when tank mixed with other herbicides. This study was conducted to investigate the field performance and some physiological effects of metsulfuron on field bindweed.

Neither metsulfuron alone nor metsulfuron combinations gave persistent control of field bindweed. Metsulfuron usually increased the activity of other bindweed herbicides. Herbicide application to …

Analysis Of The Effects Of Inhaled Diesel Exhaust On The Alveolar Intravascular And Interstitial Cellular Components Of Rodent Lungs, M. A. Wallace, S. O. Salley, M. I. Barnhart

Scanning Microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the effect of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) on the intravascular and interstitial cellular population of the lungs of exposed rats and guinea pigs. Animals with matched controls were subjected to environments of either 250, 750, 1500 or 6000 μg/m³ for either 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 10 weeks or 18 months. These animals were sacrificed immediately following the exposure periods and their lungs perfused with fixative. Following dissection, random stratified biopsies from the lungs of these animals were made. Ultrathin sections from the alveolar lung were prepared and conventionally processed for TEM …

Germ Cell-Somatic Cell Relationships: A Comparative Study Of Intercellular Junctions During Spermatogenesis In Selected Non-Mammalian Vertebrates, R. L. Sprando, L. D. Russell

Scanning Microscopy

Specialized germ cell-somatic cell relation-ships were. surveyed in the testis of species representative of four classes of non-mammalian vertebrates. Desmosome-like junctions were present in all classes studied. In the teleost fish studied (bluegill; Lepomis macrochirus) small, infrequent desmosomes, seen between the spherical cyst cells and spermatocytes were characterized by poorly represented subsurface densities. In the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), similar desmosome-like junctions were found between cyst cell processes and spermatocytes. Reptilian. (turtle; Pseudameys scripta) desmosome-like Junctions between Sertoli cells and germ cells were heterogeneous and more numerous than those junctions found in fish and amphibians: In general, …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vascular Corrosion Casts In Comparative Studies On Renal Vascular Structure, H. Ditrich, H. Splechtna

Scanning Microscopy

In comparative microcorrosion casting studies on renal vascular systems the following demands should be met: The preparation procedure (anaesthesia, operation, flushing of the blood vascular system, ...) should be in accord with the specific physiological properties of the animal under investigation and the casting procedure (injection, curing, maceration, ...) should be kept constant as far as possible. If these points are considered, comparative data, even of quantitative nature, can be obtained from corrosion casts. Examples of results at the organ, single vessel and intercellular level as well as correlation of the results with physiological data are given.

Scanning Electron Microscopy In Oral Mucosal Research: A Review, A. Kullaa-Mikkonen

Scanning Microscopy

This review paper highlights some aspects of the contribution of SEM in the field of oral mucosa research. These include 1) different preparative techniques, 2) structure of the oral mucosa and its role in normal function, 3) advances in oral microbiology, 4) development of the oral mucosal epithelium, 5) pathological diagnosis and 6) morphometry.

There are four main ways to study the oral mucosa with SEM; biopsy (autopsy) samples, smears, replica technique, and cell culture techniques. The structural studies can be divided as studies of the surface structure of the superficial cells of the oral mucosa and studies of the …

Enamel Structure In Odontocete Whales, M. Ishiyama

Scanning Microscopy

With regard to the enamel structure of mammals, a large number of studies have been reported in the past. Of them, however, the enamel structure of odontocetes has not yet been sufficiently elucidated. The author therefore observed the enamel structure of 11 species in 7 families of living odontocetes.

A clear prism structure in the enamel is noted in delphinids and Pontoporia blainvillei. Neophocaena phocaenoides has a very simple-structured prism, but even this structure is obvious only in the deep layer of the enamel, disappearing gradually from the mid layer to surface layer.

The prism pattern of delphinids differs …

Utah Science Vol. 48 No. 1, Spring 1987

Utah Science

4 A SEEDBED FOR INNOVATION Doyle J. Matthews

5 A MIRACLE OCCURS ... Plant Science Department

25 AGGIE ICE CREAM V. T. Mendenhall A brief history.

41 THE SCIENCE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Animal, Dairy & Veterinary Sciences Department

55 GOOD FOOD AND SOLID NUTRITION Nutrition and Food Sciences Department

Mineralization Of Normal And Rachitic Chick Growth Cartilage: Vascular Canals, Cartilage Calcification And Osteogenesis, Irving M. Shapiro, Alan Boyde

Scanning Microscopy

This paper reviews recent work in the authors' laboratories that has led to new observations and thoughts concerning the mineralization of normal and rachitic chick growth cartilage. The proximal tibial growth cartilages of normal and rachitic chicks were rapidly frozen and prepared for SEM and biochemical studies. Using a scanning microfluorimetric technique we showed that at the mineralization front of normal and rachitic cartilage there is an abrupt change in chondrocyte metabolism. Thus cells in this region exhibited an increase in NADH and oxidative metabolism. In rickets, there was a decrease in the reduced pyridine nucleotide content of each of …

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of Human Spleen: Relationship Between The Microcirculation And Functions, Makoto Kashimura, Tsuneo Fujita

Scanning Microscopy

This paper reviews scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the circulatory system of the human spleen, based on our findings on freeze-cracked surfaces and vascular casts of the spleen.

Central arteries ran straight in the white pulp without branching out follicular arteries and became penicillar arteries in the red pulp. Some penicillar arteries returned to the marginal zone. Some of their branches ended by opening there, whereas others passed through the marginal zone, entered the white pulp and became follicular arteries. Some of them took the shape of an "arteriolar-capillary bundle". Most of the follicular capillaries ended opening into the …

Distinguishing Adult Pectinophora Scutigera (Holdaway) According To Larval Diet By X-Ray Microanalysis, R. A. Lewis, P. W. Walker

Scanning Microscopy

In an exploratory study using scanning electron microscope (SEM) based energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of X-rays, differences were detected in the elemental compositions of adult Pectinophora scutigera raised on contrasting diets - cotton, Hibiscus tiliaceus and laboratory medium.

X-ray spectra were collected from the thorax and abdomen of 13 male and 13 female moths. X-ray yields are optimised by ashing the insects for 1 h at 400-600°C, and by operating the SEM at 25 kV.

Spectrum matching, element matching, discriminant analysis and principal components analysis were used to classify the specimens on the basis of diet with 54-100% success. Spectra …

A Comparative Study On In Vitro Invasion Rates By Melanoma Cells In The Human Amniotic Basement Membrane Model Versus In Vivo Tumor Nodule Formation In C57bl6 Mice, B. Persky, G. W. Chmielewski

Scanning Microscopy

Invasion by murine B16-F10 melanoma cells was studied using the human amniotic basement membrane (HABM) assay. B16-F10 cells were collected after a single passage through the amnion and grown to near confluency. The cycle of plating, passaging, collecting, and culturing B16-F10 cells was repeated five times. The invasion rate for B16-F10 cells remained relatively unchanged after six passages through the amnion. Injection of first-passage B16-F10 cells into C57BL6 mice resulted in 29 lung tumors per animal whereas sixth-passage cells resulted in 300+ lung tumors. While there exists no correlation of the number of cells penetrating the amnion with colonization number, …

Study Of Rat Lung Alveoli Using Corrosion Casting And Freeze Fracture Methods Coupled With Digital Image Analysis, Alan C. Nelson

Scanning Microscopy

Relative areas and volumes can be estimated from vascular corrosion casts of rat lung alveoli using a calibration obtained from bulk frozen hydrated tissue. These morphometric measurements are roughly independent of the shrinkage and distortion artifacts known to arise in the corrosion casting procedure. Digital image processing of the SEM micrographs is employed to facilitate the measurement of casts and frozen tissue.

The vascular corrosion casting technique is modified also to permit successful casting of alveolar air passages. The modified technique produces faithful casts of dead-ended luminal structures where continuous perfusion of casting medium into the tissue is not possible. …

Cracks In Fossil Enamels Resulting From Premortem Vs. Postmortem Events, John M. Rensberger

Scanning Microscopy

Vertebrate enamel preserves a record of fracture-producing strain. Fracturing during the life of the individual is potentially a source of selection for stronger enamel in the course of evolution. To determine if it is possible to recognize such fractures in fossil enamel, cracks in a variety of fossil materials, including enamel-covered holostean scales, crocodilian teeth, theropod and hadrosaurid dinosaur teeth, and mammalian teeth were examined. Cracks that occurred during the life of the individual could be recognized by abrasive wear on edges exposed at the surface of the enamel in areas worn by oral or locomotor abrasion. Certain distinctive crack …

Tumor Vasculature In Young And Old Hosts: Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Microcorrosion Casts With Microangiography, Light Microscopy And Transmission Electron Microscopy, James G. Walmsley, Scott R. Granter, Miles P. Hacker, Ann L. Moore, William B. Ershler

Scanning Microscopy

Tumor growth in vivo is dependent upon new blood vessel formation. When B16-F10 melanoma cells are implanted subcutaneously in young (3 mo) and old (24 mo) C57BL/6 mice the rate of growth is dependent on the age of the mice. This study involved a wide range of histological and microscopic techniques but was limited primarily to the initial phase of tumor growth. Stereological point counting from light microscopy (LM) of standard histological sections has been used to yield data regarding blood content. Tumor-bearing mice were perfused through the aorta with a fixation solution and were infused with a low-viscosity radiopaque …

Morphological Criteria For Comparing Effects Of X-Rays And Neon Ions On Mouse Small Intestine, K. E. Carr, T. L. Hayes, M. Indran, S. J. Bastacky, G. Mcalinden, E. J. Ainsworth, S. Ellis

Scanning Microscopy

Several techniques have been used to assess changes in different parts of mouse small intestine three days after a single dose of either 16.5 Gy X-rays or 11 Gy neon beam. The doses were chosen to be approximately equivalent in terms of their effect on the number of microcolonies present.

In qualitative terms, villous damage was seen after both types of radiation exposure: collared crypts, similar to those seen in biopsies taken from patients suffering from coeliac disease, were conspicuous after neon irradiation.

In semi quantitative terms the doses used, although estimated from previous work to give biologically equivalent damage, …

Expression Of Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens On Macrophages: Correlative Study Using Flow Cytometry, Radioimmunoassay, And Colloidal Gold Immunolabeling, Lynne E. Guagliardi, Donna M. Paulnock, Ralph M. Albrecht

Scanning Microscopy

Correlative scanning electron microscopy (SEM), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and flow cytometric analysis were used to characterize levels of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex-encoded (MHC) antigen expression on peritoneal exudate cells of mice chronically infected with Chlamydia psittaci. Analysis of peritoneal macrophages by all three techniques revealed a marked induction of H-2 K,D (class I) and I-A, l-E (class II) antigens on cells from infected C3H mice when compared to uninfected controls.

Scanning electron micrographs further document that the increases in class I and II MHC antigens are due to an increase in la/H-2 bearing cells as well …

Vascular Casting And Scanning Electron Microscopy In Diabetes, A. W. Fryczkowski

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of the vascular casts of human eyes removed at autopsy from subjects with a long-standing history of Diabetes Type I were performed. Changes in the choroidal vasculature include: Venal focal dilations and narrowings, increased tortuosity, hypercellularity, increased formation of vascular loops and microaneurysms in choriocapillaries and formation of sinus-like structures between choroidal lobules. This study strongly supports earlier light microscopic and transmission electron microscopy observations on changes in the choroid. The retinal vascular changes shown by SEM are microaneurysm formation, drop-out of capillaries and neovascularization. Changes in the choroid, especially in diabetic choriocapillaries can be …

Vascular Changes In Popliteal Lymph Nodes Due To Antigen Challenge In Normal And Lethally Irradiated Mice, Douglas A. Steeber, Chris M. Erickson, Kees C. Hodde, Ralph M. Albrecht

Scanning Microscopy

The microvascular system of the murine popliteal lymph node was investigated using scanning electron microscopy of microcorrosion casts. Time-dependent changes in the microvasculature following regional antigen challenge in normal and lymphocyte-depleted mice were studied. Normal lymph node microvasculature exhibited a significant increase in both the vascular bed and post-capillary venules containing high-endothelium in response to antigen challenge. Lymph nodes of lymphocyte-depleted mice showed no microvascular size increase following antigen challenge and a reduction in the amount of high-endothelium was observed.

The Cytotoxic Effects Of Trimethylpentane On Rat Renal Tissue, William N. Norton, David R. Mattie

Scanning Microscopy

The primary objective of the investigation was to determine the acute cytopathologic effects of 2,3,4 -trimethylpentane, a major constituent of gasoline, on renal tissue of the mature male rat. Three groups of 9 Fischer-344 rats each were administered trimethylpentane by gavage twice weekly for 7, 14, or 28 days at a concentration of 1.5 ml/kg body weight. The tissues were fixed by perfusion, and subsequently processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Al though the manifestations of hydrocarbon toxicity were evident in all experimental tissues examined, the extent and magnitude of cellular lesions increased as the exposure period progressed. The …

Finding The Appropriate Forage Value For Analyzing The Feasibility Of Public Range Improvements, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

To complete economic analysis of range improvements completed on the Oak Creek Management area of central Utah, we needed an estimate of the value of forage. A review of the literature revealed several methods of estimating forage values. These methods yielded eight estimates of public rangeland forage ranging from $1.23 to $30 per animal unit month (AUM). Six of the estimates were based on actual market transactions or current administered prices and were the most reflective of actual economic processes. The best estimates of value were those for leasing similar rangeland in the immediate area.

Influence Of Delignifying Agents On Tissue Structure In Bermudagrass Stems, D. E. Akin, L. L. Rigsby, F. E. Barton, P. Gelfand, D. S. Himmelsbach, W. R. Windham

Food Structure

Permanganate, dioxane, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide, which delignify plant materials, were evaluated for their disruptive action on plant structure, the ir modification of histological reactions for Iignins, and their change in in vitro digestibility by rumen microorganisms of yollng-Tsecond internode from top) and old (fourth and fifth internodes) bermudagrass stems. Epidermis, sclerenchymaring, and vascular tissue (except phloem) gave positive reactions with acid phloroglucinol (AP) or chlorinesulfite (CS) in all samples , whereas cortex and parenchyma in older stems gave a positive reaction with CS. Treatment with delignifying agents reduced the reactions for lignin, with permanganate- treated tissues having the least …

The Impact Of Out-Of-State Markets For Utah Agriculture Products On Utah's Economy, Basudeb Biswas, Tyler Bowles

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Utah farmers, like the rest in the country, are highly productive. It is ironical that their high productivity brings troubles to the farmers. Low income elasticity of demand for agricultural products and high labor productivity in agriculture depress the relative price of agricultural products.

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Insites, Winter 1987, Utah State University

inSites

Magazine of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning