Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (28)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (28)
- Engineering (26)
- Psychiatry and Psychology (24)
- Life Sciences (18)
-
- Marine Biology (11)
- Biology (6)
- Business (4)
- Tourism and Travel (4)
- Education (3)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (2)
- Aerospace Engineering (1)
- Anthropology (1)
- Art and Design (1)
- Arts and Humanities (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Cognitive Science (1)
- Dance (1)
- Disability and Equity in Education (1)
- East Asian Languages and Societies (1)
- Educational Methods (1)
- Educational Psychology (1)
- Educational Sociology (1)
- English Language and Literature (1)
- Environmental Sciences (1)
- Film and Media Studies (1)
- Gender Equity in Education (1)
- Gender and Sexuality (1)
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Media (1)
- Japanese Studies (1)
- Keyword
-
- Humans (142)
- Animals (92)
- Female (59)
- Climate change (58)
- Male (58)
-
- Biodiversity (50)
- Adult (35)
- Aquaculture (35)
- Conservation (34)
- Ecology (32)
- Middle Aged (31)
- Ecosystem (29)
- Microplastics (24)
- Fish (23)
- Marine (23)
- Models (22)
- Aged (20)
- Behaviour (20)
- Meningioma (20)
- Ocean acidification (20)
- Young Adult (20)
- Microplastic (19)
- Biogeography (18)
- Climate Change (18)
- Education (18)
- Sustainability (18)
- Ecosystem services (17)
- Environment (17)
- Fisheries (17)
- Hypoxia (17)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences (2061)
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (631)
- Peninsula Medical School (535)
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses (432)
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics (388)
-
- School of Psychology (343)
- School of Biomedical Sciences (341)
- The Plymouth Student Scientist (281)
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses (215)
- Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses (201)
- School of Health Professions (158)
- School of Art, Design and Architecture (144)
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses (115)
- School of Nursing and Midwifery (110)
- Peninsula Dental School (106)
- Other Faculty of Health Theses (93)
- Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses (92)
- School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences (62)
- School of Psychology Theses (52)
- More Faculty of Science and Engineering Research (45)
- Plymouth Business School (42)
- More Faculty of Health Research (38)
- Peninsula Medical School Theses (35)
- School of Art, Design and Architecture Theses (35)
- School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences Theses (34)
- Plymouth Institute of Education (26)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Datasets (22)
- Plymouth Business School Theses (21)
- School of Biomedical Sciences Theses (19)
- The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review (19)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 5791 - 5820 of 6794
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Can Oxygen Set Thermal Limits In An Insect And Drive Gigantism?, Wilco C.E.P. Verberk, David T. Bilton
Can Oxygen Set Thermal Limits In An Insect And Drive Gigantism?, Wilco C.E.P. Verberk, David T. Bilton
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
BACKGROUND: Thermal limits may arise through a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand in a range of animal taxa. Whilst this oxygen limitation hypothesis is supported by data from a range of marine fish and invertebrates, its generality remains contentious. In particular, it is unclear whether oxygen limitation determines thermal extremes in tracheated arthropods, where oxygen limitation may be unlikely due to the efficiency and plasticity of tracheal systems in supplying oxygen directly to metabolically active tissues. Although terrestrial taxa with open tracheal systems may not be prone to oxygen limitation, species may be affected during other life-history stages, particularly …
Morphodynamic Characteristics And Classification Of Beaches In England And Wales, Tim Scott, Gerhard Masselink, Paul Russell
Morphodynamic Characteristics And Classification Of Beaches In England And Wales, Tim Scott, Gerhard Masselink, Paul Russell
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Changes In Iron-Regulatory Gene Expression Occur In Human Cell Culture Models Of Parkinson's Disease., C. B. Carroll, M. L. Zeissler, N. Chadborn, K. Gibson, G. Williams, J. P. Zajicek, K. E. Morrison, C. O. Hanemann
Changes In Iron-Regulatory Gene Expression Occur In Human Cell Culture Models Of Parkinson's Disease., C. B. Carroll, M. L. Zeissler, N. Chadborn, K. Gibson, G. Williams, J. P. Zajicek, K. E. Morrison, C. O. Hanemann
Peninsula Medical School
BACKGROUND: Neuronal iron accumulation is thought to be relevant to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), although the mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that neuronal iron uptake may be stimulated by functional mitochondrial iron deficiency. OBJECTIVE: To determine firstly whether the mitochondrial toxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP(+)), results in upregulation of iron-import proteins and transporters of iron into the mitochondria, and secondly whether similar changes in expression are induced by toxins with different mechanisms of action. METHODS: We used quantitative PCR and Western blotting to investigate expression of the iron importers, divalent metal transporter, transferrin receptor 1 and 2 (TfR1 and …
Phytoestrogens Directly Inhibit Tnf-Α-Induced Bone Resorption In Raw264.7 Cells By Suppressing C-Fos-Induced Nfatc1 Expression., S Karieb, Sw Fox
Phytoestrogens Directly Inhibit Tnf-Α-Induced Bone Resorption In Raw264.7 Cells By Suppressing C-Fos-Induced Nfatc1 Expression., S Karieb, Sw Fox
School of Biomedical Sciences
TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis is central to post-menopausal and inflammatory bone loss, however, the effect of phytoestrogens on TNF-α-induced bone resorption has not been studied. The phytoestrogens genistein, daidzein, and coumestrol directly suppressed TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. TRAP positive osteoclast formation and resorption area were significantly reduced by genistein (10(-7) M), daidzein (10(-5) M), and coumestrol (10(-7) M), which was prevented by the estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780. TRAP expression in mature TNF-α-induced osteoclasts was also significantly reduced by these phytoestrogen concentrations. In addition, in the presence of ICI 182,780 genistein and coumestrol (10(-5) -10(-6) M) augmented TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and resorption. …
Isolation Of Bacterial Extrachromosomal Dna From Human Dental Plaque Associated With Periodontal Disease, Using Transposon-Aided Capture (Traca), Philip J. Warburton, Elaine Allan, Stephanie Hunter, John Ward, Veronica Booth, William G. Wade, Peter Mullany
Isolation Of Bacterial Extrachromosomal Dna From Human Dental Plaque Associated With Periodontal Disease, Using Transposon-Aided Capture (Traca), Philip J. Warburton, Elaine Allan, Stephanie Hunter, John Ward, Veronica Booth, William G. Wade, Peter Mullany
School of Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
Capture Technique And Fish Personality: Angling Targets Timid Bluegill Sunfish,Lepomis Macrochirus, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Thomas R. Binder, Keegan P. Mcgrath, Steven J. Cooke, Jean Guy J. Godin
Capture Technique And Fish Personality: Angling Targets Timid Bluegill Sunfish,Lepomis Macrochirus, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Thomas R. Binder, Keegan P. Mcgrath, Steven J. Cooke, Jean Guy J. Godin
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Size-selective harvesting associated with commercial and recreational fishing practices has been shown to alter life history traits through a phenomenon known as fishing-induced evolution. This phenomenon may be a result of selection pathways targeting life-history traits directly or indirectly through correlations with behavioral traits. Here, we report on the relationship between individual differences in behavior and capture technique (beach seining versus angling) in wild-caught juvenile bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ). Both fish caught by using a seine net (seined) and fish caught by using a lure (angled) were individually tested under standardized laboratory conditions for their boldness, water-column use, …
The Mechanics Of Embodiment: A Dialogue On Embodiment And Computational Modeling, G Pezzulo, Lw Barsalou, A Cangelosi, Et Al
The Mechanics Of Embodiment: A Dialogue On Embodiment And Computational Modeling, G Pezzulo, Lw Barsalou, A Cangelosi, Et Al
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Embodied theories are increasingly challenging traditional views of cognition by arguing that conceptual representations that constitute our knowledge are grounded in sensory and motor experiences, and processed at this sensorimotor level, rather than being represented and processed abstractly in an amodal conceptual system. Given the established empirical foundation, and the relatively underspecified theories to date, many researchers are extremely interested in embodied cognition but are clamouring for more mechanistic implementations. What is needed at this stage is a push toward explicit computational models that implement sensory-motor grounding as intrinsic to cognitive processes. In this article, six authors from varying backgrounds …
Modeling The Development Of Goal-Specificity In Mirror Neurons, S Thill, H Svensson, T Ziemke
Modeling The Development Of Goal-Specificity In Mirror Neurons, S Thill, H Svensson, T Ziemke
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Neurophysiological studies have shown that parietal mirror neurons encode not only actions but also the goal of these actions. Although some mirror neurons will fire whenever a certain action is perceived (goal-independently), most will only fire if the motion is perceived as part of an action with a specific goal. This result is important for the action-understanding hypothesis as it provides a potential neurological basis for such a cognitive ability. It is also relevant for the design of artificial cognitive systems, in particular robotic systems that rely on computational models of the mirror system in their interaction with other agents. …
Separate Representations Of Dynamics In Rhythmic And Discrete Movements: Evidence From Motor Learning, Ian S. Howard, James N. Ingram, Daniel M. Wolpert
Separate Representations Of Dynamics In Rhythmic And Discrete Movements: Evidence From Motor Learning, Ian S. Howard, James N. Ingram, Daniel M. Wolpert
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
No abstract provided.
Modeling The Development Of Pronunciation In Infant Speech Acquisition., Is Howard, P Messum
Modeling The Development Of Pronunciation In Infant Speech Acquisition., Is Howard, P Messum
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Pronunciation is an important part of speech acquisition, but little attention has been given to the mechanism or mechanisms by which it develops. Speech sound qualities, for example, have just been assumed to develop by simple imitation. In most accounts this is then assumed to be by acoustic matching, with the infant comparing his output to that of his caregiver. There are theoretical and empirical problems with both of these assumptions, and we present a computational model- Elija-that does not learn to pronounce speech sounds this way. Elija starts by exploring the sound making capabilities of his vocal apparatus. Then …
Resolving Ambiguous Behavioral Intentions By Means Of Involuntary Prioritization Of Gaze Processing., Matthew Hudson, Tjeerd Jellema
Resolving Ambiguous Behavioral Intentions By Means Of Involuntary Prioritization Of Gaze Processing., Matthew Hudson, Tjeerd Jellema
School of Psychology
No abstract provided.
A Quantitative, Non-Destructive Methodology For Habitat Characterisation And Benthic Monitoring At Offshore Renewable Energy Developments, Emma V. Sheehan, Timothy F. Stevens, Martin J. Attrill
A Quantitative, Non-Destructive Methodology For Habitat Characterisation And Benthic Monitoring At Offshore Renewable Energy Developments, Emma V. Sheehan, Timothy F. Stevens, Martin J. Attrill
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Mate Choice In Fish: A Review, Hannah Gardner
Mate Choice In Fish: A Review, Hannah Gardner
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Literature review
An Investigation Of The Risks For Human Health From Bio-Available And Bio-Accessible Arsenic In The Tamar Catchment Using Human Hair Bio-Markers And Geochemical Data, Richard Cattan
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Geologic mineralisation and anthropogenic exploitation in the Tamar catchment of south-west England have resulted in an environment enriched with arsenic, a recognised carcinogen and systemic toxicant that can target many organs in the human body. This study examined geochemical data from the catchment and found particularly high arsenic contamination around the historic mining districts of Callington and Gunnislake, where maximum concentrations of 39 µg L-1 in stream waters, 11000 mg kg-1 in stream sediments, and 15000 mg kg-1 in topsoils were found in certain areas. Hair samples from 91 catchment residents were analysed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The arsenic …
The Effect Of Forest Edges On The Community Structure Of Tropical Fruit-Feeding Butterflies, Claire Armstrong
The Effect Of Forest Edges On The Community Structure Of Tropical Fruit-Feeding Butterflies, Claire Armstrong
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Artificial edges in tropical forests are known to have profound effects on microclimate, tree mortality, forest structure, and community composition. While edges between continuous forest and clear felled stands have been well-researched, less attention has been paid to the effects of logging roads and smaller tracks. This study focuses on the effect a small (2-3m wide) road has on the community structure of the guild of fruit-feeding Nymphalidae butterflies in Sabah, Borneo. Traps were hung at ground-level along the road and 100m into the adjacent primary forest. In total, 43 individuals from 17 species were caught. Both the edge and …
Holocene Sea-Level Changes In The Bristol Channel - Evidence From Porlock, Somerset, Uk, Thomas Lawrence
Holocene Sea-Level Changes In The Bristol Channel - Evidence From Porlock, Somerset, Uk, Thomas Lawrence
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The surface distribution and elevation of contemporary intertidal foraminifera can be used as modern analogues to reconstruct former sea levels based on fossil foraminifera assemblages. A transfer function for southwest tide level is applied to fossil foraminiferal assemblages within a sediment core from Porlock Marsh, Somerset, U.K., in order to produce quantified altitudes of palaeo-sea level (‘indicative meanings’). The indicative meanings of fossil foraminifera are compared to the altitudes of two previously published Holocene sea level index points from Porlock. The indicative meanings of fossil foraminifera are also used to provide a palaeo-environmental history of Porlock Marsh. The reconstruction is …
Beneficial Roles Of Microorganisms In The Coral Reef Ecosystem, Katie R. Laming
Beneficial Roles Of Microorganisms In The Coral Reef Ecosystem, Katie R. Laming
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Coral reef biodiversity has declined over the past few decades and despite recent significant scientific interest in reefs in light of noticeable effects of climate change on this fragile habitat there is still much undiscovered about the true diversity of the symbiont community. There is also much to ascertain about underlying holobiont mechanisms relating to beneficial properties resident bacteria possess to help their hosts defend themselves from pathogenic xenobacteria or how symbionts provide the holobiont and other reef organisms with nutrition by utilising the carbon and nitrogen cycles. These are some of the questions addressed in this literature review. It …
The Effect Of Different Dosages Of Caffeine On Time To Exhaustion In Prolonged Exercise In Trained Athletes (A Meta Analysis), Kristina Marshall
The Effect Of Different Dosages Of Caffeine On Time To Exhaustion In Prolonged Exercise In Trained Athletes (A Meta Analysis), Kristina Marshall
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Background The world anti doping organisation removed caffeine from the banned list of substances in 2004; yet, research shows over recent years caffeine has become one of the most widely used ergogenic aids by athletes in the UK. This analysis investigates one of the suggested ergogenic benefits of caffeine, increasing time to exhaustion, and whether this effect relates to specific dosages of caffeine ingested before exercise. Objectives To assess the effects of two different dosages of caffeine on trained athlete’s time to exhaustion in endurance exercise. Search methods “caffeine” and “time to exhaustion” were entered into Pubmed, Scirus and Google …
Mouse Cd8alpha+ Dcs And Human Bdca3+ Dcs Are Major Producers Of Ifn-Lambda In Response To Poly Ic., Henning Lauterbach, Barbara Bathke, Stefanie Gilles, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Christian A. Luber, György Fejer, Marina A. Freudenberg, Gayle M. Davey, David Vremec, Axel Kallies, Li Wu, Ken Shortman, Paul Chaplin, Mark Suter, Meredith O'Keeffe, Hubertus Hochrein
Mouse Cd8alpha+ Dcs And Human Bdca3+ Dcs Are Major Producers Of Ifn-Lambda In Response To Poly Ic., Henning Lauterbach, Barbara Bathke, Stefanie Gilles, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Christian A. Luber, György Fejer, Marina A. Freudenberg, Gayle M. Davey, David Vremec, Axel Kallies, Li Wu, Ken Shortman, Paul Chaplin, Mark Suter, Meredith O'Keeffe, Hubertus Hochrein
School of Biomedical Sciences
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a double-stranded RNA, is an effective adjuvant in vivo. IFN-λs (also termed IL-28/29) are potent immunomodulatory and antiviral cytokines. We demonstrate that poly IC injection in vivo induces large amounts of IFN-λ, which depended on hematopoietic cells and the presence of TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3), IRF3 (IFN regulatory factor 3), IRF7, IFN-I receptor, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL), and IRF8 but not on MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), Rig-like helicases, or lymphocytes. Upon poly IC injection in vivo, the IFN-λ production by splenocytes segregated with cells phenotypically resembling CD8α(+) conventional dendritic cells (DCs [cDCs]). In …
Biparental Mucus Feeding: A Unique Example Of Parental Care In An Amazonian Cichlid., Jonathan Buckley, Richard J. Maunder, Andrew Foey, Janet Pearce, Adalberto L. Val, Katherine A. Sloman
Biparental Mucus Feeding: A Unique Example Of Parental Care In An Amazonian Cichlid., Jonathan Buckley, Richard J. Maunder, Andrew Foey, Janet Pearce, Adalberto L. Val, Katherine A. Sloman
School of Biomedical Sciences
Vertebrates display a wide variety of parental care behaviours, including the guarding of offspring pre and post nutritional independence as well as the direct provision of nutrients during the early development period. The Amazonian cichlid Symphysodon spp. (discus fish) is unusual among fish species, in that both parents provide offspring with mucus secretions to feed from after hatching. This extensive provision of care, which can last up to a month, imposes a physiological demand on both parents and gives rise to conflict between the parent and offspring. Here, we investigated the relationship between parents and offspring during a breeding cycle, …
Effects Of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide (Mos) Supplementation In Relation To Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, Health And Production Of Cultured Fish Species, Arkadios Dimitroglou
Effects Of Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide (Mos) Supplementation In Relation To Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, Health And Production Of Cultured Fish Species, Arkadios Dimitroglou
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
A series of investigations were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of MOS supplementation in finfish aquaculture. Fish with great potential in aquaculture industry were tested with regards to effect of dietary MOS supplementation on intestinal histology and microbiology as well as overall animal health and production. Two levels of MOS supplementation were applied 0.2% and 0.4%. Experimental fish were Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchys mykiss), sole (Solea senegalensis) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The results from the sea bream studies revealed that MOS supplementation may have a beneficial effect on growth performance of fish greater …
Climate Change And The Green Energy Paradox: The Consequences For Twaite Shad Alosa Fallax From The River Severn, U.K., Mw Aprahamian, Cd Aprahamian, Am Knights
Climate Change And The Green Energy Paradox: The Consequences For Twaite Shad Alosa Fallax From The River Severn, U.K., Mw Aprahamian, Cd Aprahamian, Am Knights
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
A stock–recruitment model with a temperature component was used to estimate the effect of an increase in temperature predicted by climate change projections on population persistence and distribution of twaite shad Alosa fallax. An increase of 1 and 2° C above the current mean summer (June to August) water temperature of 17·8° C was estimated to result in a three and six-fold increase in the population, respectively. Climate change is also predicted to result in an earlier commencement to their spawning migration into fresh water. The model was expanded to investigate the effect of any additional mortality that might arise …
Association Between The Squat Lobster Gastroptychus Formosus And Cold-Water Corals In The North Atlantic, Guilloux E Le, J. M. Hall-Spencer, M. K. Söffker, K. Olu
Association Between The Squat Lobster Gastroptychus Formosus And Cold-Water Corals In The North Atlantic, Guilloux E Le, J. M. Hall-Spencer, M. K. Söffker, K. Olu
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Although there are no previous descriptions of the habits of chirostylids in the North Atlantic, it is likely that species in the genera Uroptychus, Eumunida and Gastroptychus have close ecological ties with deep-sea corals since they have all been recorded in trawl samples containing corals from ∼200m depth. We analysed in situ distribution of Gastroptychus formosus and potential hosts using a ROV at a range of north-eastern Atlantic sites and found that this species forms a close association with deep-sea corals that resembles the chirostylid-anthozoan associations reported in shallow Indo-Pacific waters. We update the known distribution for G. formosus, confirming …
Exploring The Grocery Store Satisfaction Of England's Older Population: An Evaluation Of Antecedents And Consequences Using Structural Equation Modelling, Robert Angell
Plymouth Business School Theses
The number of people aged 60 years and above is increasing in the UK. In total, this age group represents 22% of the population with estimates indicating a rise to 29% by 2050 (United Nations, 2009). One market sector that is extremely important to the health and wellbeing of older people is grocery retail (Khan, 1981). However, little previous research has addressed how older people rate the service delivered by their grocery provider, particularly in regard to satisfaction. To reconcile this gap in theoretical understanding, a sequential transformative mixed-method research design was specified using 36 qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires …
Impaired Immune Tolerance ToPorphyromonas GingivalisLipopolysaccharide Promotes Neutrophil Migration And Decreased Apoptosis, S Zaric, C Shelburne, R Darveau, Dj Quinn, Et Al
Impaired Immune Tolerance ToPorphyromonas GingivalisLipopolysaccharide Promotes Neutrophil Migration And Decreased Apoptosis, S Zaric, C Shelburne, R Darveau, Dj Quinn, Et Al
Peninsula Dental School
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth, is characterized by an exaggerated host immune and inflammatory response to periopathogenic bacteria. Toll-like receptor activation, cytokine network induction, and accumulation of neutrophils at the site of inflammation are important in the host defense against infection. At the same time, induction of immune tolerance and the clearance of neutrophils from the site of infection are essential in the control of the immune response, resolution of inflammation, and prevention of tissue destruction. Using a human monocytic cell line, we demonstrate that Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a major etiological …
Future Sustainability Of Organic Vegetable Production In The Uk: Perception Of The Growers, Pankaj Kumar Banik
Future Sustainability Of Organic Vegetable Production In The Uk: Perception Of The Growers, Pankaj Kumar Banik
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
A study was carried out to investigate future sustainability of organic vegetable production in the UK based on perception of the vegetable growers. The objectives were to determine the economic and social sustainability of organic vegetables production and to examine whether there are any relationships between economic and social indicators. Data and opinions were collected by interviewing and through a postal questionnaire. Only 14% growers (26 out of 175) had replied by post. About 61% of the respondents had been farming in the conventional way before switching to organic and 39% growers started organic farming straightway. Those who started organic …
Marine Plankton Phenology And Life History In A Changing Climate: Current Research And Future Directions, R Ji, M Edwards, Dl Mackas, Ja Runge, Ac Thomas
Marine Plankton Phenology And Life History In A Changing Climate: Current Research And Future Directions, R Ji, M Edwards, Dl Mackas, Ja Runge, Ac Thomas
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Increasing availability and extent of biological ocean time series (from both in situ and satellite data) have helped reveal significant phenological variability of marine plankton. The extent to which the range of this variability is modified as a result of climate change is of obvious importance. Here we summarize recent research results on phenology of both phytoplankton and zooplankton. We suggest directions to better quantify and monitor future plankton phenology shifts, including (i) examining the main mode of expected future changes (ecological shifts in timing and spatial distribution to accommodate fixed environmental niches vs. evolutionary adaptation of timing controls to …
New Mechanism For Notch Signaling To Endothelium At A Distance By Delta-Like 4 Incorporation Into Exosomes, H Sheldon, E Heikamp, H Turley, R Dragovic, Et Al
New Mechanism For Notch Signaling To Endothelium At A Distance By Delta-Like 4 Incorporation Into Exosomes, H Sheldon, E Heikamp, H Turley, R Dragovic, Et Al
School of Biomedical Sciences
Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway that is mediated by cell-cell contact. It is involved in a variety of developmental processes and has an essential role in vascular development and angiogenesis. Delta-like 4 (Dll4) is a Notch ligand that is up-regulated during angiogenesis. It is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates the differentiation between tip cells and stalk cells of neovasculature. Here, we present evidence that Dll4 is incorporated into endothelial exosomes. It can also be incorporated into the exosomes of tumor cells that overexpress Dll4. These exosomes can transfer the Dll4 protein to other endothelial cells and incorporate …
Selecting Glp-1 Agonists In The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Pharmacology And Therapeutic Benefits Of Liraglutide And Exenatide., J Pinkney, T Fox, L Ranganath
Selecting Glp-1 Agonists In The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Pharmacology And Therapeutic Benefits Of Liraglutide And Exenatide., J Pinkney, T Fox, L Ranganath
Peninsula Medical School
Failure of secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a prominent role in type 2 diabetes, and restoration of GLP-1 action is an important therapeutic objective. Although the short duration of action of GLP-1 renders it unsuited to therapeutic use, 2 long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists, exenatide and liraglutide, represent a significant advance in treatment. In controlled trials, both produce short-term glucose-lowering effects, with the reduction in hemoglobin A(1c) of up to 1.3%. These responses are often superior to those observed with additional oral agents. However, unlike sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, or insulin, all of which lead to significant weight gain, …
Stereotyping Starlings Are More ‘Pessimistic’, Bo Brilot, L Asher, M Bateson
Stereotyping Starlings Are More ‘Pessimistic’, Bo Brilot, L Asher, M Bateson
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Negative affect in humans and animals is known to cause individuals to interpret ambiguous stimuli pessimistically, a phenomenon termed 'cognitive bias'. Here, we used captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test the hypothesis that a reduction in environmental conditions, from enriched to non-enriched cages, would engender negative affect, and hence 'pessimistic' biases. We also explored whether individual differences in stereotypic behaviour (repetitive somersaulting) predicted 'pessimism'. Eight birds were trained on a novel conditional discrimination task with differential rewards, in which background shade (light or dark) determined which of two covered dishes contained a food reward. The reward was small when …