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Determination Of The Forms And Stability Of Phosphorus In Wastewater Effluent From A Variety Of Treatment Processes, Sean Comber, Mike Gardner, Jana Darmovzalova, Brian Ellor Oct 2015

Determination Of The Forms And Stability Of Phosphorus In Wastewater Effluent From A Variety Of Treatment Processes, Sean Comber, Mike Gardner, Jana Darmovzalova, Brian Ellor

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Eutrophication of surface waters is a major issue across the planet, with diffuse (agricultural) and point sources (wastewater treatment works, WwTW) being the main inputs. In the UK WwTW effluent discharges are currently permitted for discharge based on total phosphorus concentration, whereas environmental quality standards (EQS) are set as soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), which better reflects the bioavailable fraction of phosphorus present in water. This study reports for the first time, concentrations and relative proportions of SRP in effluent from a number of different WwTW employing aluminium and iron dosing for phosphorus removal. In the case of aluminium treatment, SRP …


Why Robots Should Be Social: Enhancing Machine Learning Through Social Human-Robot Interaction, Greeff J De, T Belpaeme Sep 2015

Why Robots Should Be Social: Enhancing Machine Learning Through Social Human-Robot Interaction, Greeff J De, T Belpaeme

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.


Erratum: How Long Is Too Long In Contemporary Peer Review? Perspectives From Authors Publishing In Conservation Biology Journals (Plos One (2015) 10:9 E0139783)), V. M. Nguyen, N. R. Haddaway, L. F.G. Gutowsky, A. D.M. Wilson, A. J. Gallagher, M. R. Donaldson Sep 2015

Erratum: How Long Is Too Long In Contemporary Peer Review? Perspectives From Authors Publishing In Conservation Biology Journals (Plos One (2015) 10:9 E0139783)), V. M. Nguyen, N. R. Haddaway, L. F.G. Gutowsky, A. D.M. Wilson, A. J. Gallagher, M. R. Donaldson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


International Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies New Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Risk Loci And Targetable Pathogenic Pathways, Heather J. Cordell, Younghun Han, George F. Mells, Y Li, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Casey S. Greene, Gang Xie, Brian D. Juran, Dakai Zhu, David C. Qian, James A.B. Floyd, Katherine I. Morley, Daniele Prati, Ana Lleo, Daniele Cusi, Erik M. Schlicht, Craig Lammert, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Ll Chan, Andrade M De, Tobias Balschun, Andrew L. Mason, Robert P. Myers, Jinyi Zhang, Piotr Milkiewicz, Jia Qu, Joseph A. Odin, Velimir A. Luketic, Bruce R. Bacon, Henry C. Bodenheimer Sep 2015

International Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies New Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Risk Loci And Targetable Pathogenic Pathways, Heather J. Cordell, Younghun Han, George F. Mells, Y Li, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Casey S. Greene, Gang Xie, Brian D. Juran, Dakai Zhu, David C. Qian, James A.B. Floyd, Katherine I. Morley, Daniele Prati, Ana Lleo, Daniele Cusi, Erik M. Schlicht, Craig Lammert, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Ll Chan, Andrade M De, Tobias Balschun, Andrew L. Mason, Robert P. Myers, Jinyi Zhang, Piotr Milkiewicz, Jia Qu, Joseph A. Odin, Velimir A. Luketic, Bruce R. Bacon, Henry C. Bodenheimer

Peninsula Medical School

AbstractPrimary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10−8) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine–cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.


Lithium Decreases Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein In A Mouse Model Of Alexander Disease, Daniels Cm Lapash, E Paffenroth, Ev Austin, K Glebov, D Lewis, J Walter, A Messing Sep 2015

Lithium Decreases Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein In A Mouse Model Of Alexander Disease, Daniels Cm Lapash, E Paffenroth, Ev Austin, K Glebov, D Lewis, J Walter, A Messing

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.


Gradient Transparency: Marine Animals As A Source Of Inspiration Exploring Material Bio-Mimicry Through The Latest 3d Printing Technology In Architectural Surfaces, S Vamvakidis Sep 2015

Gradient Transparency: Marine Animals As A Source Of Inspiration Exploring Material Bio-Mimicry Through The Latest 3d Printing Technology In Architectural Surfaces, S Vamvakidis

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Digital fabrication technologies are changing rapidly the way we design, as any other tool would affect the way we produce space. Multi layered 3D printing is already allowing architects, designers and engineers to experiment with new design processes and new ways of production. At the same time, little research has being done in the way gradient transparency (through multiple layered surfaces) can affect the design process through computation; a field that deserves further investigation. The focus of this paper is to explore bio-inspired material finding design processes while combining biology, architecture and material science.We explore performance driven design possibilities through …


Testing The Resilience Of Dead Maerl Infaunal Assemblages To The Experimental Removal And Re-Lay Of Habitat, Emma V. Sheehan, Danielle Bridger, Sophie L. Cousens, Martin J. Attrill Sep 2015

Testing The Resilience Of Dead Maerl Infaunal Assemblages To The Experimental Removal And Re-Lay Of Habitat, Emma V. Sheehan, Danielle Bridger, Sophie L. Cousens, Martin J. Attrill

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Characterization Of Leucetta Prolifera, A Calcarean Cyanosponge From South-Western Australia, And Its Symbionts, J Fromont, Mj Huggett, Sk Lengger, K Grice, Chl Schönberg Sep 2015

Characterization Of Leucetta Prolifera, A Calcarean Cyanosponge From South-Western Australia, And Its Symbionts, J Fromont, Mj Huggett, Sk Lengger, K Grice, Chl Schönberg

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The biology and ecology of calcarean sponges are not as well understood as they are for demosponges. Here, in order to gain new insights, particularly about symbiotic relationships, the calcarean sponge Leucetta prolifera was sampled from south-western Australia and examined for its assumed photosymbionts. Pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry and extraction of photopigments established that the sponge was photosynthetic. Molecular analysis of the bacterial symbionts via sequencing of the V1–V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene confirmed that between 5 and 22% of all sequences belonged to the phylum Cyanobacteria, depending on the individual sample, with the most dominant strain aligning …


Local Anesthetics Induce Autophagy In Young Permanent Tooth Pulp Cells, H Zhuang, D Hu, D Singer, Jv Walker, Rb Nisr, K Tieu, K Ali, C Tredwin, S Luo, S Ardu, B Hu Sep 2015

Local Anesthetics Induce Autophagy In Young Permanent Tooth Pulp Cells, H Zhuang, D Hu, D Singer, Jv Walker, Rb Nisr, K Tieu, K Ali, C Tredwin, S Luo, S Ardu, B Hu

Peninsula Dental School

No abstract provided.


Hypoxic Regulation Of Riok3 Is A Major Mechanism For Cancer Cell Invasion And Metastasis, Dc Singleton, P Rouhi, Ce Zois, S Haider, Et Al Sep 2015

Hypoxic Regulation Of Riok3 Is A Major Mechanism For Cancer Cell Invasion And Metastasis, Dc Singleton, P Rouhi, Ce Zois, S Haider, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

Hypoxia is a common feature of locally advanced breast cancers that is associated with increased metastasis and poorer survival. Stabilisation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in tumours causes transcriptional changes in numerous genes that function at distinct stages of the metastatic cascade. We demonstrate that expression of RIOK3 (RIght Open reading frame kinase 3) was increased during hypoxic exposure in an HIF1α-dependent manner. RIOK3 was localised to distinct cytoplasmic aggregates in normoxic cells and underwent redistribution to the leading edge of the cell in hypoxia with a corresponding change in the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton. Depletion of RIOK3 expression caused …


Mapping The Stray Domestic Cat (Felis Catus) Population In New Zealand: Species Distribution Modelling With A Climate Change Scenario And Implications For Protected Areas, Gd Aguilar, Mj Farnworth, L Winder Sep 2015

Mapping The Stray Domestic Cat (Felis Catus) Population In New Zealand: Species Distribution Modelling With A Climate Change Scenario And Implications For Protected Areas, Gd Aguilar, Mj Farnworth, L Winder

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Species distribution models of stray cats were developed using two types of occurrence data: (i) a combined dataset of stray cats and cat colonies in Auckland and projected to the wider New Zealand area; and (ii) population density as an analogue for country-wide stray cat occurrence. These occurrence data, together with sets of environmental variables were used as input to the Maxent modelling tool to produce maps of suitability for the species. Environmental variables used in the models consist of current bioclimatic conditions, and a future climate scenario (RCP8.5 for year 2070 CCSM model). Commonly occurring bias in the modelling …


Shape Recognition: Convexities, Concavities And Things In Between, G Schmidtmann, B Jennings, F Kingdom Sep 2015

Shape Recognition: Convexities, Concavities And Things In Between, G Schmidtmann, B Jennings, F Kingdom

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.


Internal Tides Near The Celtic Sea Shelf Break: A New Look At A Well Known Problem, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk Sep 2015

Internal Tides Near The Celtic Sea Shelf Break: A New Look At A Well Known Problem, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Internal waves generated by tides in the Celtic Sea were investigated on the basis of in situ data collected at the continental slope in July 2012, and theoretically using a weakly nonlinear theory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. It was found that internal solitary waves generated over the shelf break and propagated seaward did not survive in the course of their evolution. Due to the large bottom steepness they disintegrated locally over the continental slope radiating several wave systems seaward and transforming their energy to higher baroclinic modes. In the open part of the sea, i.e. …


Experimental And Modelling Investigations Of Air Exchange And Infection Transfer Due To Hinged-Door Motion In Office And Hospital Settings, A Hathway, I Papakonstantis, A Bruce-Konuah, W Brevis Sep 2015

Experimental And Modelling Investigations Of Air Exchange And Infection Transfer Due To Hinged-Door Motion In Office And Hospital Settings, A Hathway, I Papakonstantis, A Bruce-Konuah, W Brevis

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Occupants spend a significant amount of time indoors where temperature and air quality has an important impact on their comfort, health and work performance. Understanding the role of airflow exchange between spaces is crucial to describe the processes of mixing and transport of substances driven by air motion and therefore essential for evaluating indoor air quality. This work presents the results of field measurements and laboratory experiments designed to characterise door operation and to quantify its influence on air volumes exchanged between rooms due to door motion. The field study was conducted to identify typical total door cycle times in …


The Role Of Advection In The Distribution Of Plankton Populations At A Moored 1-D Coastal Observatory, Jaimie Cross, W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith, Philip J. Hosegood, Ricardo Torres Sep 2015

The Role Of Advection In The Distribution Of Plankton Populations At A Moored 1-D Coastal Observatory, Jaimie Cross, W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith, Philip J. Hosegood, Ricardo Torres

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The degree to which advection modulates the distribution of plankton populations at a 1-D coastal observatory was assessed at station L4 in the western English Channel (50°15'N 4°13'W, depth 50m), part of the Western Channel Observatory (WCO). Five tidal-cycle surveys were conducted, three in spring and two in summer 2010. Observations of the physical characteristics of L4 were obtained by using a moored acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a free-falling microstructure sensor (MSS). The moored ADCP highlighted the presence of vertical shear, with typical values of U during spring tides of ~0.5ms-1 at the surface and ~0.2ms-1 …


The Maternal Social Environment Shapes Offspring Growth, Physiology, And Behavioural Phenotype In Guinea Pigs., N Von Engelhardt, Gj Kowalski, A Guenther Aug 2015

The Maternal Social Environment Shapes Offspring Growth, Physiology, And Behavioural Phenotype In Guinea Pigs., N Von Engelhardt, Gj Kowalski, A Guenther

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Prenatal conditions influence offspring development in many species. In mammals, the effects of social density have traditionally been considered a detrimental form of maternal stress. Now their potential adaptive significance is receiving greater attention.Sex-specific effects of maternal social instability on offspring in guinea pigs (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) have been interpreted as adaptations to high social densities, while the effects of low social density are unknown. Hence, we compared morphological, behavioural and physiological development between offspring born to mothers housed either individually or in groups during the second half of pregnancy.Females housed individually and females housed in groups gave birth …


An Efficient And Versatile System For Visualization And Genetic Modification Of Dopaminergic Neurons In Transgenic Mice, Karsten Tillack, Helia Aboutalebi, Edgar R. Kramer Aug 2015

An Efficient And Versatile System For Visualization And Genetic Modification Of Dopaminergic Neurons In Transgenic Mice, Karsten Tillack, Helia Aboutalebi, Edgar R. Kramer

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.


Geoheritage, A National Inventory In France, P De Wever, Kn Page, I Alterio, G Egoroff, Et Al Aug 2015

Geoheritage, A National Inventory In France, P De Wever, Kn Page, I Alterio, G Egoroff, Et Al

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Good protection measures for geological heritage should begin with an inventory of geosites. In France, for example, a law enacted in 2002 grants formal recognition to the notion of geological heritage. An inventory and evaluation were then established on a region-by-region basis. By April 2007, the French Ministry of Environment launched the inventory programme for the nation’s geological heritage and the data are now being collected at a regional scale. The data are being gathered and homogenised, and then transferred to the French National Museum of Natural History for examination. The ratified site data are stored and available for public …


Ocean Acidification Bends The Mermaid’S Wineglass, Laura A. Newcomb, Marco Milazzo, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Emily Carrington Aug 2015

Ocean Acidification Bends The Mermaid’S Wineglass, Laura A. Newcomb, Marco Milazzo, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Emily Carrington

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


An Instrument For Rapid Mesozooplankton Monitoring At Ocean Basin Scale, Pf Culverhouse, C Gallienne, R Williams, J Tilbury Aug 2015

An Instrument For Rapid Mesozooplankton Monitoring At Ocean Basin Scale, Pf Culverhouse, C Gallienne, R Williams, J Tilbury

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The development and testing of a new imaging and classification system for mesozooplankton sampling over very large spatial and temporal scales is reported. The system has been evaluated on the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT), acquiring nearly one million images of planktonic particles over a transect of 13,500km. These images have been acquired at a flow rate of 12.5L per minute, in near-continuous underway mode from the ships seawater supply and in discrete mode using integrated vertical net haul samples. The aim of this development is to produce an instrument capable of delivering autonomously acquired and processed data on the biomass …


Observation And Prediction Of Three-Dimensional Morphology At A High-Energy Macrotidal Beach, Christopher Stokes, Mark Davidson, Paul Russell Aug 2015

Observation And Prediction Of Three-Dimensional Morphology At A High-Energy Macrotidal Beach, Christopher Stokes, Mark Davidson, Paul Russell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


When Ideas Migrate: A Postcolonial Perspective On Biomodd [Lba2], Ds Maranan, Acj Vermeulen Aug 2015

When Ideas Migrate: A Postcolonial Perspective On Biomodd [Lba2], Ds Maranan, Acj Vermeulen

School of Art, Design and Architecture

Biomodd is a global series of art installations in which computer technology and ecology converge. Computer networks built from upcycled computer components are provided with living internal ecosystems. In a symbiotic exchange, plants and algae live alongside electronics and use the latter’s waste heat to thrive. Sensors and robotics provide additional interaction possibilities with the organisms. The first version of the project was completed in the US, while the second version was built in the Philippines. Using a postcolonial stance, we reflect on the challenges involved in translating the project from one context to another. We focus on issues related …


Carbonic Anhydrase Ix Induction Defines A Heterogeneous Cancer Cell Response To Hypoxia And Mediates Stem Cell-Like Properties And Sensitivity To Hdac Inhibition, I Ledaki, A Mcintyre, S Wigfield, F Buffa, Et Al Aug 2015

Carbonic Anhydrase Ix Induction Defines A Heterogeneous Cancer Cell Response To Hypoxia And Mediates Stem Cell-Like Properties And Sensitivity To Hdac Inhibition, I Ledaki, A Mcintyre, S Wigfield, F Buffa, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is strongly induced by hypoxia and its overexpression is associated with poor therapeutic outcome in cancer. Here, we report that hypoxia promotes tumour heterogeneity through the epigenetic regulation of CAIX. Based on hypoxic CAIX expression we identify and characterize two distinct populations of tumour cells, one that has inducible expression of CAIX and one that does not. The CAIX+ve population is enriched with cells expressing cancer stem cell markers and which have high self-renewal capacity. We show that differential CAIX expression is due to differences in chromatin structure. To further investigate the relationship between chromatin organization …


Historical Comparisons Reveal Multiple Drivers Of Decadal Change Of An Ecosystem Engineer At The Range Edge, Lb Firth, N Mieszkowska, Lm Grant, Le Bush, Et Al Aug 2015

Historical Comparisons Reveal Multiple Drivers Of Decadal Change Of An Ecosystem Engineer At The Range Edge, Lb Firth, N Mieszkowska, Lm Grant, Le Bush, Et Al

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Biogenic reefs are important for habitat provision and coastal protection. Long-term datasets on the distribution and abundance of Sabellaria alveolata (L.) are available from Britain. The aim of this study was to combine historical records and contemporary data to (1) describe spatiotemporal variation in winter temperatures, (2) document short-term and long-term changes in the distribution and abundance of S. alveolata and discuss these changes in relation to extreme weather events and recent warming, and (3) assess the potential for artificial coastal defense structures to function as habitat for S. alveolata. A semi-quantitative abundance scale (ACFOR) was used to compare broadscale, …


On The Mechanism By Which Dietary Nitrate Improves Human Skeletal Muscle Function, Charles Affourtit, Stephen J. Bailey, Andrew M. Jones, Miranda J. Smallwood, Paul G. Winyard Jul 2015

On The Mechanism By Which Dietary Nitrate Improves Human Skeletal Muscle Function, Charles Affourtit, Stephen J. Bailey, Andrew M. Jones, Miranda J. Smallwood, Paul G. Winyard

School of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Modelling The Morphodynamics Of Gravel Beaches During Storms With Xbeach-G, R. T. Mccall, G. Masselink, T. G. Poate, J. A. Roelvink, L. P. Almeida Jul 2015

Modelling The Morphodynamics Of Gravel Beaches During Storms With Xbeach-G, R. T. Mccall, G. Masselink, T. G. Poate, J. A. Roelvink, L. P. Almeida

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Didactic Disruption: Roy Ascott’S Models For Arts Education And Research, Ml Phillips, P Anders, E Ayiter, D Gromala, P Thomas Jul 2015

Didactic Disruption: Roy Ascott’S Models For Arts Education And Research, Ml Phillips, P Anders, E Ayiter, D Gromala, P Thomas

School of Art, Design and Architecture

This paper summarizes a panel discussion held at ISEA2015 in Vancouver B.C. Its subject was artist and educator Roy Ascott’s development of models for interdisciplinary studies in universities and distributed research centers.


Novel Human Embryonic Stem Cell Regulators Identified By Conserved And Distinct Cpg Island Methylation State, Steve Pells, Eirini Koutsouraki, Sofia Morfopoulou, Sara Valencia-Cadavid, Simon R. Tomlinson, Ravi Kalathur, Matthias E. Futschik, Sousa Pa De Jul 2015

Novel Human Embryonic Stem Cell Regulators Identified By Conserved And Distinct Cpg Island Methylation State, Steve Pells, Eirini Koutsouraki, Sofia Morfopoulou, Sara Valencia-Cadavid, Simon R. Tomlinson, Ravi Kalathur, Matthias E. Futschik, Sousa Pa De

School of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Epstein–Barr Virus-Encoded Microrna Bart1 Induces Tumour Metastasis By Regulating Pten-Dependent Pathways In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, L Cai, Y Ye, Q Jiang, Y Chen, Et Al Jul 2015

Epstein–Barr Virus-Encoded Microrna Bart1 Induces Tumour Metastasis By Regulating Pten-Dependent Pathways In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, L Cai, Y Ye, Q Jiang, Y Chen, Et Al

Peninsula Medical School

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), aetiologically linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), is the first human virus found to encode many miRNAs. However, how these viral miRNAs precisely regulate the tumour metastasis in NPC remains obscure. Here we report that EBV-miR-BART1 is highly expressed in NPC and closely associated with pathological and advanced clinical stages of NPC. Alteration of EBV-miR-BART1 expression results in an increase in migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro and causes tumour metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, EBV-miR-BART1 directly targets the cellular tumour suppressor PTEN. Reduction of PTEN dosage by EBV-miR-BART1 activates PTEN-dependent pathways including PI3K-Akt, FAK-p130Cas and Shc-MAPK/ERK1/2 …


Human Impacts On Nitrogen And Phosphorus Concentrations In The North Sea, Craig Weatherhead Jul 2015

Human Impacts On Nitrogen And Phosphorus Concentrations In The North Sea, Craig Weatherhead

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This study evaluates the temporal and spatial variations in nutrient concentrations within the period of 1990-2011, with the aim to assess the effectiveness of legislative implementation and associated control measures within the period. Annual nutrient emission data were been obtained from OSPAR’s Joint Assessment Monitoring Programmes (JAMP’s) to provide values of riverine flow, direct discharge and atmospheric concentration. Temporal assessments of annual nutrient emissions were carried out on a European and national scale, using statistical analysis within periods of legislative change to assess the regional and sub-regional response to legislative implementation. Nutrient data were also obtained from the EEA database …