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Browning Events In Arctic Ecosystems: Diverse Causes With Common Consequences, Scott Davidson Jan 2025

Browning Events In Arctic Ecosystems: Diverse Causes With Common Consequences, Scott Davidson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Arctic ecosystems are experiencing extreme climatic, biotic and physical disturbance events that can cause substantial loss of plant biomass and productivity, sometimes at scales of >1000 km2. Collectively known as browning events, these are key contributors to the spatial and temporal complexity of Arctic greening and vegetation dynamics. If we are to properly understand the future of Arctic terrestrial ecosystems, their productivity, and their feedbacks to climate, understanding browning events is essential. Here we bring together understanding of browning events in Arctic ecosystems to compare their impacts and rates of recovery, and likely future changes in frequency and distribution. We …

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Developing A Citizen Science Approach To Monitor Stranded Marine Plastics On A Remote Small Island In Indonesia, Radisti A. Praptiwi, Carya Maharja, Fauzan Cholifatullah, Dwi Cj Subroto, Sainal Sainal, Peter I. Miller, Vikki Cheung, Tatang Mitra Setia, Nasruddin, Datu, Jito Sugardjito, Melanie Austen Jan 2025

Developing A Citizen Science Approach To Monitor Stranded Marine Plastics On A Remote Small Island In Indonesia, Radisti A. Praptiwi, Carya Maharja, Fauzan Cholifatullah, Dwi Cj Subroto, Sainal Sainal, Peter I. Miller, Vikki Cheung, Tatang Mitra Setia, Nasruddin, Datu, Jito Sugardjito, Melanie Austen

School of Psychology

Marine plastics stranded on the coastlines of remote small islands threaten both the ecological integrity of local ecosystems and communities’ well-being. However, despite the growing quantities of stranded plastics in these locations, the remote nature of these sites renders monitoring and intervention efforts difficult to undertake. Within this context, we developed a citizen science approach to monitor stranded marine plastics in collaboration with villagers living on a remote small island in Indonesia. This study reports the co-development and application of an approach that can be used and maintained independently by remote coastal communities. In the monitoring stage, the participants quantified …

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Impact Of Autolysed Brewer’S Yeast And Soluble Dried Yeast Extract On Growth Performance And Mucosal Health Of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Parr, Daniel L. Merrifield, Sheu G. Odu-Onikosi, Taofik A. Momoh, Sherilyn T. Abarra, Noah E. Wood, Folasade D. Amulejoye, Matthew Emery, Glenn M. Harper, Benjamin Eynon, Victor Kuri, Holger Kühlwein Jan 2025

Impact Of Autolysed Brewer’S Yeast And Soluble Dried Yeast Extract On Growth Performance And Mucosal Health Of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Parr, Daniel L. Merrifield, Sheu G. Odu-Onikosi, Taofik A. Momoh, Sherilyn T. Abarra, Noah E. Wood, Folasade D. Amulejoye, Matthew Emery, Glenn M. Harper, Benjamin Eynon, Victor Kuri, Holger Kühlwein

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Yeast-based feed additives have emerged as promising functional feed additives (FFAs) to promote sustainable aquaculture development through enhanced gut health and immune modulation in fish. The present study evaluated the impact of autolysed brewer’s yeast (ABY) and soluble dried yeast extract (SDYE) in improving the intestinal and skin histology, immune response, and intestinal microbiome of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) over a 9-week feeding trial. Three experimental diets were produced: a control diet, a diet supplemented with ABY at 2.5 g/kg, and a diet supplemented with SDYE at 2.5 g/kg. These diets were administered to triplicate tanks of Atlantic salmon. …

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Salinity Does Not Affect Late-Stage In-Egg Embryonic Or Immediate Post-Hatch Development In An Ecologically Important Land Crab Species, Lucy M. Turner, Katharine A. Clayton, Linn Wiberg, Charlotte H. Wilson, Ziad Ibbini, Oliver Tills, John I. Spicer Jan 2025

Salinity Does Not Affect Late-Stage In-Egg Embryonic Or Immediate Post-Hatch Development In An Ecologically Important Land Crab Species, Lucy M. Turner, Katharine A. Clayton, Linn Wiberg, Charlotte H. Wilson, Ziad Ibbini, Oliver Tills, John I. Spicer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Environmental drivers such as salinity can impact the timing and duration of developmental events in aquatic early life stages of crustaceans, including terrestrial crabs of the family Gecarcinidae. Low salinity delays larval development in land crabs, but nothing is known about its influence on the crucial late-stage encapsulated embryonic or immediate post-hatch development. Therefore, we exposed fertilised late-stage embryos of the Christmas Island red crab (Gecarcoidea natalis) to differing salinities (100%, 75%, 50% or 25% sea water) for 24 h during their spawning period and measured some key developmental and physiological traits. We found no effect of salinity on time …

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Ocean Crustal Veins Record Dynamic Interplay Between Plate-Cooling-Induced Cracking And Ocean Chemistry, Aled D. Evans, Rosalind M. Coggon, Michelle Harris, Elliot J. Carter, Elmar Albers, Gilles M. Guérin, Thomas M. Belgrano, Mallika Jonnalagadda, Lewis J.C. Grant, Pamela D. Kempton, David J. Sanderson, James A. Milton, Timothy J. Henstock, Jeff C. Alt, Damon A.H. Teagle Jan 2025

Ocean Crustal Veins Record Dynamic Interplay Between Plate-Cooling-Induced Cracking And Ocean Chemistry, Aled D. Evans, Rosalind M. Coggon, Michelle Harris, Elliot J. Carter, Elmar Albers, Gilles M. Guérin, Thomas M. Belgrano, Mallika Jonnalagadda, Lewis J.C. Grant, Pamela D. Kempton, David J. Sanderson, James A. Milton, Timothy J. Henstock, Jeff C. Alt, Damon A.H. Teagle

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

As ocean crust traverses away from spreading ridges, low-temperature hydrothermal minerals fill cracks to form veins, transforming the physical and chemical properties of ocean crust whilst also modifying the composition of seawater. Vein width and frequency observations compiled from the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) South Atlantic Transect (∼31°S) and previous scientific ocean drilling holes show that vein width distributions progressively broaden and observed strain (Σmveins/mcore) increases with crustal age, whereas vein densities (#veins/mcore) remain approximately constant. Elemental mapping and textural observations illuminate multiple precipitation and fracturing episodes that continue as the …

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A Pilot And Feasibility Study Investigating The Abundance And Activity Of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria In Women With Pre-Eclampsia, Lisa Du Toit, Ifeoma Offiah, Alvaro Redondo-Rio, Tanya Kahawita, Michele Kiernan, Yen Ming Lin, Louise A. Belfield, Gemma Montagut, Alicia Benavente, Tomas Nicholas, Amazon Doble, Renske Dikkers, Robert Freeman, Toni Gabaldón, Zoe Brookes, Raul Bescos Garcia Jan 2025

A Pilot And Feasibility Study Investigating The Abundance And Activity Of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria In Women With Pre-Eclampsia, Lisa Du Toit, Ifeoma Offiah, Alvaro Redondo-Rio, Tanya Kahawita, Michele Kiernan, Yen Ming Lin, Louise A. Belfield, Gemma Montagut, Alicia Benavente, Tomas Nicholas, Amazon Doble, Renske Dikkers, Robert Freeman, Toni Gabaldón, Zoe Brookes, Raul Bescos Garcia

Peninsula Dental School

BackgroundOral health may influence blood pressure control by modulating the abundance and activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria, which are essential for enhancing nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This study aimed to investigate the oral health and microbiome composition of women with pre-eclampsia (PET) compared to healthy controls (CN).MethodsTen PET and eleven CN women participated in this study, respectively. An oral health examination was conducted in all the participants. Saliva and blood samples were collected for analysis of the oral microbiome and NO biomarkers.ResultsHigher plaque levels were observed in the PET group compared to the CN group (P = 0.038). The …

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Exploring The Experiences Of Autistic Girls Within Mainstream Primary Education In England, Olivia Jones Jan 2025

Exploring The Experiences Of Autistic Girls Within Mainstream Primary Education In England, Olivia Jones

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that causes social difficulties such as making and maintaining friendships and sensory difficulties that cause distress triggered by light, sound or smell stimuli that significantly impact daily life. Roughly 1 in every 100 children are diagnosed with ASD (NHS Inform, 2023). However, females are notably less likely to receive a formal diagnosis than males, which leads to higher rates of poor mental health and lack of self-acceptance. Females with ASD are likely not to receive their diagnosis or support for their difficulties until late teens or early adulthood. Those diagnosed with ASD …

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Naming Names: Phenomenology And Pseudonyms, Rebecca Woods Jan 2025

Naming Names: Phenomenology And Pseudonyms, Rebecca Woods

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

This short opinion piece uses my experiences of formulating pseudonyms during my doctoral project as a way of examining this task. Names are our public labels and as such they are part of self-perception and are catalysts for responses to others. Pseudonyms are not empty; they are cultural artefacts in academia which form connections with participants. The issues addressed with regard to re-naming are research context, ontology, method, navigating sensitivities, contextual determination, concluding with a review of congruence and robustness. The task of generating pseudonyms has the potential for being an exciting way of encapsulating how researchers consider participants and …

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Soluble Herpes Virus Entry Mediator And Type Ii/Iii Interferons Are Upregulated In Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Yooyun Chung, Hio Lam Phoebe Tsou, Michael A Heneghan, Shilpa Chokshi, Antonio Riva Jan 2025

Soluble Herpes Virus Entry Mediator And Type Ii/Iii Interferons Are Upregulated In Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Yooyun Chung, Hio Lam Phoebe Tsou, Michael A Heneghan, Shilpa Chokshi, Antonio Riva

Peninsula Medical School

Bacterial translocation-induced inflammation and immune dysfunction are recognised factors contributing to the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, the specific involvement of interferons (IFNs) and soluble checkpoints (sol-CRs) in shaping the immune landscape in PBC patients remains unexplored. Furthermore, the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) on these immune mediators is unknown. Twenty-eight cytokines and 14 sol-CRs were quantified by Luminex assays in plasma samples from 64 PBC patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs). D-lactate was measured as a marker of bacterial translocation. The PBC subgroups were: 24 UDC responders (UDCRs), 18 UDC non-responders (UDCNRs) and 22 patients with end-stage …

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Cross-Domain Transfer Learning For Domain Adaptation In Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis, Kush Gupta, Amir Aly, Emmanuel Ifeachor Jan 2025

Cross-Domain Transfer Learning For Domain Adaptation In Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis, Kush Gupta, Amir Aly, Emmanuel Ifeachor

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

A cross-domain transfer learning approach is introduced to address the challenges of diagnosing individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using small-scale fMRI datasets. Vision Transformer (ViT) and TinyViT models pre-trained on the ImageNet, were employed to transfer knowledge from the natural image domain to the brain imaging domain. The models were fine-tuned on ABIDE and CMI-HBN, using a teacher student framework with knowledge distillation loss. Experimental results demonstrated that our method outperformed previous studies, ViT models, and CNN-based models. Our approach achieved competitive performance (F-1 score 78.72%) with a much smaller parameter size. This study highlights the effectiveness of cross-domain …

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Intervention Strategies To Prevent Mental Health Problems And Improve Resilience In Employed Parents From Conception Until The Child Is 5 Years Of Age: A Scoping Review, Neeltje Crombag, Bieke Bollen, Eline Vancoppenolle, Thomas Vandendriessche, Dagmar Versmissen, Martha Paisi, Jill Shawe, Susan Garthus-Niegel, Annick Bogaerts Jan 2025

Intervention Strategies To Prevent Mental Health Problems And Improve Resilience In Employed Parents From Conception Until The Child Is 5 Years Of Age: A Scoping Review, Neeltje Crombag, Bieke Bollen, Eline Vancoppenolle, Thomas Vandendriessche, Dagmar Versmissen, Martha Paisi, Jill Shawe, Susan Garthus-Niegel, Annick Bogaerts

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Aim: To understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the effectiveness of intervention strategies targeting working pregnant women, and their partners, for the prevention of mental health problems (depression, anxiety) and improving resilience, from conception until the child is 5 years of age. Methods: A scoping review was conducted searching Pubmed (including Medline), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were based on population (employed parents), context (from -9 months to 5 years postpartum) and concept (mental health problems, resilience and prevention/ preventative interventions). Results: Of the 17,699 papers screened, 3 full text papers …

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Ambient Writing In A Terrain Of Threatened Subjectivity: Unfolding Codes, Tainted Models And Holey Spaces, Phil Smith Jan 2025

Ambient Writing In A Terrain Of Threatened Subjectivity: Unfolding Codes, Tainted Models And Holey Spaces, Phil Smith

School of Art, Design and Architecture

No abstract provided.

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A New Approach: Using Biometric Technology To Explore The Physiological Stress Of Working In Child Welfare, Austin Griffiths, Kim Link, Kara Haughtigan, Oliver Beer, Lindsey Powell, David Royse Jan 2025

A New Approach: Using Biometric Technology To Explore The Physiological Stress Of Working In Child Welfare, Austin Griffiths, Kim Link, Kara Haughtigan, Oliver Beer, Lindsey Powell, David Royse

School of Health Professions

Job stress among child welfare professionals affects their mental and physical health and is associated with negative outcomes. Researchers have used self-report measures to document the stress experienced by those in the child welfare field, and this is the first study to use biometric technology across 72 h to identify physiological indicators of stress, recovery, and sleep in frontline child welfare workers in mostly rural areas (n = 32). A stress profile of the participants is presented on their heart rates, mean time-stressed, percent of time stressed, mean time relaxed, percent of time relaxed, mean sleep time, mean RMSSD in …

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A Discussion On The Involvement Of Somalia's Children In Armed Conflict, Matilda Nash Jan 2025

A Discussion On The Involvement Of Somalia's Children In Armed Conflict, Matilda Nash

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

This paper discusses the issue of children’s involvement in armed conflict across the historically war-torn country of Somalia. This serious breach of a child’s rights is often kept ‘under the radar’ and needs voice. Here, the immediate, short term impacts are explored in addition to the life-long consequences for a child currently involved in armed conflict and for those who have had previous experience of it. Drawing on the work of a London-based non-governmental organisation (NGO), Peace Direct, this article highlights the key challenges faced by those who attempt to tackle the problem and offers a thought-provoking, locally-led concept that …

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Work-Based Learning And An Investigation Into Racial Hostility, An Autoethnographic Study, Emma Jones Jan 2025

Work-Based Learning And An Investigation Into Racial Hostility, An Autoethnographic Study, Emma Jones

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

The purpose of this research enquiry was to explore autoethnography as a useful and valid form of sociological research. To gain an understanding of its complex ethical considerations that differ from other methodologies and create an autoethnographical focus on experiences within a work based learning environment. This enquiry explores the thoughts, emotions and reactions provoked by a critical incident relating to racial hostility that stemmed from reactions to the days top news story. Investigating racism from biological and cultural aspects and examining critical race theory creates a perspective on how racist events can occur, develop and be maintained or reproduced. …

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Investigating The Metabolic Impact Of Metformin And Berberine In Combination With Venetoclax For Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Treatment, Samantha Robins Jan 2025

Investigating The Metabolic Impact Of Metformin And Berberine In Combination With Venetoclax For Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Treatment, Samantha Robins

School of Biomedical Sciences Theses

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) stands as a significant challenge in haematological malignancies, particularly due to poor outcomes in older patients and resistance to therapy. BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is overexpressed in AML. The BCL-2 antagonist Venetoclax inhibits OXPHOS and induces apoptosis in AML cells, which is potentiated when combined with Metformin an anti-hyperglycaemic agent used to treat type 2 diabetes, which also has anti-cancer properties. This study explored the effects of Venetoclax combined with Metformin or Berberine, an herbal supplement with a similar mechanism of action to metformin, on AML cell death and metabolic changes. The combination of Metformin and …

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Development Of Welfare Assessment Strategies For Indonesian Zoos, Yonathan Yonathan Jan 2025

Development Of Welfare Assessment Strategies For Indonesian Zoos, Yonathan Yonathan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Animal welfare assessment is a core element of zoo management, helping zoos achieve positive welfare state for their animals. Welfare should be assessed regularly to evaluate, monitor, and improve the standards of care. The research on welfare assessment and its development process increased after the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) launched the 2023 Animal Welfare Goals, which include mandatory welfare assessment process for national and regional zoo associations. In Indonesia, many zoos don’t have their own welfare assessment and find it difficult to adapt generic tools due to variation in husbandry, resources, and facilities. This project aims to …

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Tattooed Geographies: Exploring Tattoos And Its Relationship With Breast Cancer And Emotional Well-Being, Pearlin Teow Jan 2025

Tattooed Geographies: Exploring Tattoos And Its Relationship With Breast Cancer And Emotional Well-Being, Pearlin Teow

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This thesis examined the lived experiences of breast cancer through the lens of survivability. Drawing on the embodied, spatial, temporal, emotional-affective experiences of women after the end of breast cancer treatment, this thesis unpacks the geographies present within the everyday life of living with, through and on from breast cancer. This thesis also examined how women living with breast cancer engaged with different forms of breast cancer related tattoos to understand and negotiate with their lived experiences. It also examined the different spaces and relations of care present within the practice of breast cancer related tattooing. Methodology wise, this research …

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An Investigation Of The Biogeochemical Exchange Of The Macro Plant Nutrients Phosphorus And Nitrogen On Rewetted Peat Soil On The Somerset Levels And Moors., Natasha Underwood Jan 2025

An Investigation Of The Biogeochemical Exchange Of The Macro Plant Nutrients Phosphorus And Nitrogen On Rewetted Peat Soil On The Somerset Levels And Moors., Natasha Underwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Phosphorus, an essential nutrient for life, excess phosphorus is a common ecological concern in watercourses worldwide leading to eutrophication and pollution of natural water systems. In the UK, eutrophication of freshwater systems is one of the most common cause of water bodies not achieving good ecological status by the Environment Agency. The Somerset Levels and Moors (SLMs) condition status is described, by Natural England and the Environmental Agency, as ‘unfavourable declining’ due to the phosphate levels being up to three times higher than the Common Standards Monitoring Guidance targets of 0.1 mg/l total phosphate. Housing development on the SLMs has …

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Glaciers As A Secondary Source Of Anthropogenic Contaminants: An Emerging Socio-Environmental Challenge, Dylan Beard Jan 2025

Glaciers As A Secondary Source Of Anthropogenic Contaminants: An Emerging Socio-Environmental Challenge, Dylan Beard

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Glaciers provide vital ecosystem services, including water resources, habitat provision, and food and energy security. Once considered pristine, glaciers are now known to accumulate various contaminants, including fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs), which can pose risks to downstream communities when released through meltwater. This thesis examines the accumulation and potential release of contaminants from glacial environments, with a focus on cryoconite, a contaminant-rich material found on glacier surfaces.Primary data collection and laboratory analyses were conducted on cryoconite samples from the High Arctic and the Peruvian Andes to assess spatial variability in contaminant levels and chemical availability. Additionally, …

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Characterization And Photodegradation Of Isolated Chemical Classes From Crude Oil., Alex Mead Jan 2025

Characterization And Photodegradation Of Isolated Chemical Classes From Crude Oil., Alex Mead

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Compounds in crude oil are photoactive and can be toxic to marine ecosystems. However, chemical characterisation of crude oil poses a significant analytical challenge owing to its complexity. This challenge is further exacerbated by the photodegradation of crude oils in the environment. The aim of the work herein was to first isolate and characterise targeted fractions from crude oil and then assess the fractions after photodegradation, to better understand the composition of crude oil and photochemical transformation of individual chemical classes.Isolation of target fractions was achieved by validating a solid phase extraction (SPE) method using ion exchange SPE to fractionate …

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Beyond The Drill: Understanding Empathy Among Undergraduate Dental Students, Muhammad Qasim Javed, Zaina Ahmad, Muhammad Muhammad, Kamran Ali, Arham Riaz, Rebecca Glanville Jan 2025

Beyond The Drill: Understanding Empathy Among Undergraduate Dental Students, Muhammad Qasim Javed, Zaina Ahmad, Muhammad Muhammad, Kamran Ali, Arham Riaz, Rebecca Glanville

Peninsula Dental School

Introduction: Compassionate care and empathy are fundamental components of health care which contribute to the social construction of physician–patient relationship to meet the expectations of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical empathy among undergraduate dental students at a University in the Middle East. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study which used purposive sampling to recruit undergraduate dental students from five academic years. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Profession Students was used, a reliable 20-item tool with a total score ranging from 20 to 140. Data collection was done online using Google Forms. …

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Exploring The Role Of Irf4 In The Sensitivity Of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells To Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Artjoms Portnojs Jan 2025

Exploring The Role Of Irf4 In The Sensitivity Of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells To Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Artjoms Portnojs

Peninsula Medical School Theses

Introduction and aim: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of B-cell lymphoma. Therapy using Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors has improved clinical outcomes but primary and secondary resistance to BTK inhibitor (BTKi) therapy affects more than half of MCL patients. Resistance most often arises through gene mutations in cells protected from BTKi effects within the local tissue microenvironment. This thesis develops previous work by the group identifying IRF4 as a central mediator of resistance to BTK inhibitors in MCL; the thesis aims to understand how resistance develops and to identify mechanisms to prevent or overcome BTKi resistance in …

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Mishra L, Francis T, Nooji D, Aggarwal H, Mccoll E, Eachempati P. Current Concepts In Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth., Lora Mishra, Prashanti Eachempati, Tony Francis, Devi Prasad Nooji, Himanshi Aggarwal, Ewen Mccoll Jan 2025

Mishra L, Francis T, Nooji D, Aggarwal H, Mccoll E, Eachempati P. Current Concepts In Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth., Lora Mishra, Prashanti Eachempati, Tony Francis, Devi Prasad Nooji, Himanshi Aggarwal, Ewen Mccoll

Peninsula Dental School

Restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is crucial for long-term success. This article reviews current concepts in restoringETT, which focuses on structural integrity and functional performance. Key factors, including residual tooth structure, ferrule effect and pericervical dentine preservation, are discussed alongside advances in conservative access designs, biomimetic protocols and innovative materials,such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibres. Decision-making frameworks, including the Restorative Difficulty Evaluation System(RDES), are highlighted to support clinicians in achieving predictable outcomes, ensuring tooth survival and patient satisfaction.CPD/Clinical Relevance: The long-term success of endodontically treated teeth depends on selecting appropriate restorative strategiesthat ensure structural integrity, functional performance and …

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Considering Behaviour In Genetic Sampling – A Case Study With Grey Seals, Kathryn Wiltshire Jan 2025

Considering Behaviour In Genetic Sampling – A Case Study With Grey Seals, Kathryn Wiltshire

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Genetic variations are increasingly linked to intra-specific behavioural variations. Advancing our knowledge of behavioural genetics could make screening populations for genetic polymorphisms associated with behavioural variations possible. Genetic-behaviour links have been increasingly discovered in terrestrial mammals, but there are few comparable studies in marine mammals. Developing efficient and cost-effective genetic sampling techniques is essential to allow more studies on behavioural genetics in lesser researched marine mammals. This study explores the potential of a sampling technique, still in its infancy in marine mammal studies, that has potential to cause minimal stress to the animals. Buccal swabs were tested in a group …

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An Assessment Of The Dietary Bioavailability Of Tio2 And Inorganically Carbon-Based Nanomaterials In Rainbow Trout, Using The Ex Vivo Gut Sac Technique And A In Chemico Digestibility Assay, Craig Mchardy Jan 2025

An Assessment Of The Dietary Bioavailability Of Tio2 And Inorganically Carbon-Based Nanomaterials In Rainbow Trout, Using The Ex Vivo Gut Sac Technique And A In Chemico Digestibility Assay, Craig Mchardy

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Abstract. Craig McHardyAn assessment of the dietary bioavailability of TiO2 and inorganically carbon-based nanomaterials in rainbow trout, using the ex vivo gut sac technique and a in chemico digestibility assay.Carbon based engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are an emerging contaminant within modern society, as such their environmental risk assessment is of high importance. Testing for their persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential is important for regulatory bodies to fully understand the hazard posed. To date, data on the bioaccumulation potential of these ENMs is lacking, especially within fish. A tiered approach to bioaccumulation testing has been posed in which precursory tests such as …

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Impact Of Dietary Functional Yeast Additives On Growth Performance And Health Of Selected Key Aquaculture Species, Sheu Odu-Onikosi Jan 2025

Impact Of Dietary Functional Yeast Additives On Growth Performance And Health Of Selected Key Aquaculture Species, Sheu Odu-Onikosi

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The aquaculture industry has witnessed remarkable growth in recent decades underscoring its crucial role in global food security. However, this rapid expansion brings challenges, including the need to meet growing fish demand while minimising environmental impacts and managing disease prevalence. Functional feed additives (FFAs) have emerged as sustainable solutions to enhance fish health and performance. Among these, yeast-derived additives have garnered significant attention for their nutritional benefits and proven ability to promote growth and strengthen immune responses in fish.This study evaluates the effects of dietary brewer's yeast-derived additives on fish using a range of in-depth analyses, such as growth performance, …

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Unravelling The Ecological Trade-Offs In Behavioural And Physiological Sexual Traits, Alicia Eveson Jan 2025

Unravelling The Ecological Trade-Offs In Behavioural And Physiological Sexual Traits, Alicia Eveson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Animals experience temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments throughout their lives. Therefore, individuals that are able to plastically adjust their behaviour to the current environment, are able to maximise their fitness. These behavioural adjustments are particularly important where there are trade-offs between investment in different life-history traits. Trade-offs between reproduction and survival have been widely documented, in addition to a body of evidence for trade-offs between mating related traits. How an individual adjusts their mating behaviour in response to their social and biotic environments are important aspects of selection. Changes in the social environment, including sex ratio or population density changes, …

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Factors Controlling Protein Metabolism And Growth In The Common Limpet Patella Vulgata, Ignacio Alvarez-Cienfuegos Jan 2025

Factors Controlling Protein Metabolism And Growth In The Common Limpet Patella Vulgata, Ignacio Alvarez-Cienfuegos

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The intertidal environment is a complex and highly dynamic ecosystem shaped by the interaction of strong abiotic and biotic factors. Organisms living in this habitat present marked physiological and behavioural adaptations to cope with extreme and fluctuating conditions, which make this ecosystem the perfect natural laboratory to analyse the effects of biological interactions and physical stressors in ectotherm protein metabolism and growth in the field. Patella vulgata’s ability to maintain aerobic metabolism out of the water, its homing behaviour, its high abundance, and wide geographical distribution facilitates the study of ectothermic physiological processes in the field. Despite the importance of …

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Effects Of Host-Derived Probiotics On The Growth Performance And Health Of Tilapia And Carp, Sherilyn Abarra Jan 2025

Effects Of Host-Derived Probiotics On The Growth Performance And Health Of Tilapia And Carp, Sherilyn Abarra

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

To address the need for well-characterised probiotic strains for tilapia and carp aquaculture, this study investigated the isolation, characterisation, and application of host-derived candidate probiotics from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio), and their influence on growth, feed utilisation, intestinal integrity and microbiome, and mucosal health of the host.A total of 263 intestinal bacterial isolates were screened in vitro for antagonism against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae. The top 31 isolates with inhibitory effects underwent screening against three further fish pathogens and were assessed for haemolytic activity and extracellular enzyme production in …

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