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Orthophosphate-P In The Nutrient Impacted River Taw And Its Catchment (Sw England) Between 1990 And 2013., Alan D. Tappin, Sean Comber, Paul J. Worsfold May 2016

Orthophosphate-P In The Nutrient Impacted River Taw And Its Catchment (Sw England) Between 1990 And 2013., Alan D. Tappin, Sean Comber, Paul J. Worsfold

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Excess dissolved phosphorus (as orthophosphate-P) contributes to reduced river water quality within Europe and elsewhere. This study reports results from analysis of a 23 year (1990-2013) water quality dataset for orthophosphate-P in the rural Taw catchment (SW England). Orthophosphate-P and river flow relationships and temporal variations in orthophosphate-P concentrations indicate the significant contribution of sewage (across the catchment) and industrial effluent (upper R. Taw) to orthophosphate-P concentrations (up to 96%), particularly during the low flow summer months when maximum algal growth occurs. In contrast, concentrations of orthophosphate-P from diffuse sources within the catchment were more important (>80%) at highest …


Standing Up In Multiple Sclerosis (Sums): Protocol For A Multi-Centre Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating The Clinical And Cost Effectiveness Of A Home-Based Self-Management Standing Frame Programme In People With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis., J. A. Freeman, W. Hendrie, S. Creanor, L. Jarrett, A. Barton, C. Green, J. Marsden, E. Rogers, J. Zajicek May 2016

Standing Up In Multiple Sclerosis (Sums): Protocol For A Multi-Centre Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating The Clinical And Cost Effectiveness Of A Home-Based Self-Management Standing Frame Programme In People With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis., J. A. Freeman, W. Hendrie, S. Creanor, L. Jarrett, A. Barton, C. Green, J. Marsden, E. Rogers, J. Zajicek

School of Health Professions

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable, unpredictable but typically progressive neurological condition. It is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults. Within 15 years of diagnosis, approximately 50 % of affected people are unable to walk unaided, and over time an estimated 25 % depend on a wheelchair. Typically, people with such limited mobility are excluded from clinical trials. Severely impaired people with MS spend much of their day sitting, often with limited ability to change position. In response, secondary complications can occur including: muscle wasting, pain, reduced skin integrity, spasms, limb stiffness, constipation, and associated psychosocial …


Defining Disease Phenotypes In Primary Care Electronic Health Records By A Machine Learning Approach: A Case Study In Identifying Rheumatoid Arthritis, Shang Ming Zhou, Fabiola Fernandez-Gutierrez, Jonathan Kennedy, Roxanne Cooksey, Mark Atkinson, Spiros Denaxas, Stefan Siebert, William G. Dixon, Tw O’Neill, Ernest Choy, Cathie Sudlow, Sinead Brophy May 2016

Defining Disease Phenotypes In Primary Care Electronic Health Records By A Machine Learning Approach: A Case Study In Identifying Rheumatoid Arthritis, Shang Ming Zhou, Fabiola Fernandez-Gutierrez, Jonathan Kennedy, Roxanne Cooksey, Mark Atkinson, Spiros Denaxas, Stefan Siebert, William G. Dixon, Tw O’Neill, Ernest Choy, Cathie Sudlow, Sinead Brophy

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.


Diploptene Δ13C Values From Contemporary Thermokarst Lake Sediments Show Complex Spatial Variation, Kl Davies, Rd Pancost, Me Edwards, Et Al May 2016

Diploptene Δ13C Values From Contemporary Thermokarst Lake Sediments Show Complex Spatial Variation, Kl Davies, Rd Pancost, Me Edwards, Et Al

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Abstract. Cryospheric changes in northern high latitudes are linked to significant greenhouse gas flux to the atmosphere, for example, methane that originates from organic matter decomposition in thermokarst lakes. The set of pathways that link methane production in sediments, via oxidation in the lake system, to the flux of residual methane to the atmosphere is complex and exhibits temporal and spatial variation. The isotopic signal of bacterial biomarkers (hopanoids, e.g. diploptene) in sediments has been used to identify contemporary ocean-floor methane seeps and, in the geological record, periods of enhanced methane production (e.g. the PETM). The biomarker approach could potentially …


Rising To The Challenge: Acute Stress Appraisals And Selection Centre Performance In Applicants To Postgraduate Specialty Training In Anaesthesia, Martin J. Roberts, Thomas C.E. Gale, John S. Mcgrath, Mark R. Wilson May 2016

Rising To The Challenge: Acute Stress Appraisals And Selection Centre Performance In Applicants To Postgraduate Specialty Training In Anaesthesia, Martin J. Roberts, Thomas C.E. Gale, John S. Mcgrath, Mark R. Wilson

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.


Exceptional Accumulations Of Statoliths In Association With The Christian Malford Lagersta¨ Tte (Callovian, Jurassic) In Wiltshire, United Kingdom, Malcolm B. Hart, Jonghe A De, Kevin N. Page, Gregory D. Price, Christopher W. Smart May 2016

Exceptional Accumulations Of Statoliths In Association With The Christian Malford Lagersta¨ Tte (Callovian, Jurassic) In Wiltshire, United Kingdom, Malcolm B. Hart, Jonghe A De, Kevin N. Page, Gregory D. Price, Christopher W. Smart

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.


A Tale Of Two Lakes: A Multi-Proxy Comparison Of Lateglacial And Holocene Environmental Change In Cappadocia, Turkey, Neil Roberts, Samantha L. Allcock, Fabien Arnaud, Jonathan R. Dean, Warren J. Eastwood, Matthew D. Jones, Melanie J. Leng, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Emmanuel Malet, Jessie Woodbridge, H Yigitbasioglu May 2016

A Tale Of Two Lakes: A Multi-Proxy Comparison Of Lateglacial And Holocene Environmental Change In Cappadocia, Turkey, Neil Roberts, Samantha L. Allcock, Fabien Arnaud, Jonathan R. Dean, Warren J. Eastwood, Matthew D. Jones, Melanie J. Leng, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Emmanuel Malet, Jessie Woodbridge, H Yigitbasioglu

More Faculty of Science and Engineering Research

No abstract provided.


Design, Disability And The Planning Challenge: The Reality Of Living With Severely Disabled Children, Stephen Essex, Jamie Staples Apr 2016

Design, Disability And The Planning Challenge: The Reality Of Living With Severely Disabled Children, Stephen Essex, Jamie Staples

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This paper investigates the effects of the speculative and standardized house building model dominant in the UK on the residential experience of families with severely disabled children and evaluates the barriers to the provision of inclusive accommodation through the planning and development process. Unlike previous studies on the theme, this paper draws together, compares and contrasts, within one location, the experiences of families that include severely disabled members, local planners and housing developers. The results indicate that, as a result of the deficiencies of mainstream housing design and delivery, real and substantial stress can be created for families with disabled …


Determination Of Phosphorus In Natural Waters: A Historical Review., Paul Worsfold, Ian Mckelvie, Phil Monbet Apr 2016

Determination Of Phosphorus In Natural Waters: A Historical Review., Paul Worsfold, Ian Mckelvie, Phil Monbet

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The aim of this paper is to introduce a virtual special issue that reviews the development of analytical approaches to the determination of phosphorus species in natural waters. The focus is on sampling and sample treatment, analytical methods and quality assurance of the data. The export of phosphorus from anthropogenic activities (from diffuse and point sources) can result in increased primary production and eutrophication, and potentially the seasonal development of toxic algal blooms, which can significantly impact on water quality. Therefore the quantification of phosphorus species in natural waters provides important baseline data for studying aquatic phosphorus biogeochemistry, assessing ecosystem …


Prevalence Of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia Coli From Raw Vegetables In Lebanon, Dima Faour-Klingbeil, Victor Kuri, Sukayna Fadlallah, Ghassan M. Matar Apr 2016

Prevalence Of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia Coli From Raw Vegetables In Lebanon, Dima Faour-Klingbeil, Victor Kuri, Sukayna Fadlallah, Ghassan M. Matar

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Endemicity Of Chytridiomycosis Features Pathogen Overdispersion, Laura F. Grogan, Andrea D. Phillott, Benjamin C. Scheele, Lee Berger, Scott D. Cashins, Sara C. Bell, Robert Puschendorf, Lee F. Skerratt Apr 2016

Endemicity Of Chytridiomycosis Features Pathogen Overdispersion, Laura F. Grogan, Andrea D. Phillott, Benjamin C. Scheele, Lee Berger, Scott D. Cashins, Sara C. Bell, Robert Puschendorf, Lee F. Skerratt

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


The Employment Of Ex-Military As Teachers: The Military, Masculinity And Moral Regulation, Peter James Le Gassick Apr 2016

The Employment Of Ex-Military As Teachers: The Military, Masculinity And Moral Regulation, Peter James Le Gassick

Plymouth Institute of Education Theses

This doctoral research has analyzed the employment of ex-military as teachers from a perspective of identity and culture. Using a single case study approach, including focus groups, interviews and observations, the research has explored a military academy within 'College', a further education institute in the south of England. Focusing particularly on the experiences of four teachers who had recently left the British Armed Forces, the analysis employs Pierre Bourdieu's habitus, field and capital to understand the macro, micro and subject level influences that shape field practice. It is proposed that, at a macro level, moralizing discourse regarding undesirable working class …


Dietary Supplement Use And Nosebleeds In Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia - An Observational Study., B Chamali, H Finnamore, R Manning, Ma Laffan, M Hickson, K Whelan, Cl Shovlin Apr 2016

Dietary Supplement Use And Nosebleeds In Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia - An Observational Study., B Chamali, H Finnamore, R Manning, Ma Laffan, M Hickson, K Whelan, Cl Shovlin

School of Health Professions

Understanding potential provocations of haemorrhage is important in a range of clinical settings, and particularly for people with abnormal vasculature. Patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can report haemorrhage from nasal telangiectasia in real time, and suggested dietary factors may precipitate nosebleeds. To examine further, nosebleed severity, dietary supplement use, and blood indices were evaluated in an unselected group of 50 HHT patients recruited from a specialist UK service. Using the validated Epistaxis Severity Score, nosebleed severity ranged from 0 to 9.1 out of 10 (median 3.9). Using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, 24/50 (48%) participants reported use of dietary supplements …


Relative Pitch Perception And The Detection Of Deviant Tone Patterns, Sl Denham, M Coath, Gp Háden, F Murray, I Winkler Apr 2016

Relative Pitch Perception And The Detection Of Deviant Tone Patterns, Sl Denham, M Coath, Gp Háden, F Murray, I Winkler

School of Psychology

Most people are able to recognise familiar tunes even when played in a different key. It is assumed that this depends on a general capacity for relative pitch perception; the ability to recognise the pattern of inter-note intervals that characterises the tune. However, when healthy adults are required to detect rare deviant melodic patterns in a sequence of randomly transposed standard patterns they perform close to chance. Musically experienced participants perform better than naïve participants, but even they find the task difficult, despite the fact that musical education includes training in interval recognition.To understand the source of this difficulty we …


Autophagy In Dental Tissues: A Double-Edged Sword, H. Zhuang, K. Ali, S. Ardu, C. Tredwin, B. Hu Apr 2016

Autophagy In Dental Tissues: A Double-Edged Sword, H. Zhuang, K. Ali, S. Ardu, C. Tredwin, B. Hu

Peninsula Dental School

Tooth development and stem cells Tooth is an essential organ in humans. Tooth development spans from the embryonic to the adolescent stage and can last for more than 10 years, which represents possibly the longest duration among all the human organs.1 The whole tooth development process ranges from the initial oral epithelium thickening to root formation and eruption.1 Early tooth development results in rapid cell proliferation to provide sufficient cell number for populating the organ. The key events during later developments are involved in the differentiation of 'tooth-specific' cells such as ameloblasts, the epithelial origin cells that produce enamel, and …


Innovations And Best Practice In Undergraduate Education, Gr Littlejohn, G Scott, M Williams Apr 2016

Innovations And Best Practice In Undergraduate Education, Gr Littlejohn, G Scott, M Williams

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

University-based scientists hold the collective responsibility for educating the next generation of citizens, scientists and voters, but the degree to which they are individually trained and rewarded for this pursuit is variable. This F1000Research channel has its origin in a Society for Experimental Biology Conference held in Prague, 2015 and brings together researchers who excel at undergraduate education or the scholarship of teaching and learning to discuss challenges and best practices in contemporary higher science education.


Increasing Value And Reducing Waste In Biomedical Research: Who's Listening?, David Moher, Paul Glasziou, Iain Chalmers, Mona Nasser, Patrick M.M. Bossuyt, Daniël A. Korevaar, Ian D. Graham, Philippe Ravaud, Isabelle Boutron Apr 2016

Increasing Value And Reducing Waste In Biomedical Research: Who's Listening?, David Moher, Paul Glasziou, Iain Chalmers, Mona Nasser, Patrick M.M. Bossuyt, Daniël A. Korevaar, Ian D. Graham, Philippe Ravaud, Isabelle Boutron

More Faculty of Health Research

No abstract provided.


Different Attentional Patterns For Regret And Disappointment: An Eye‐Tracking Study, Nadège Bault, Pierre Wydoodt, Giorgio Coricelli Apr 2016

Different Attentional Patterns For Regret And Disappointment: An Eye‐Tracking Study, Nadège Bault, Pierre Wydoodt, Giorgio Coricelli

School of Psychology

AbstractThe unfavorable comparison between the obtained and expected outcomes of our choices may elicit disappointment. When the comparison is made with the outcome of alternative actions, emotions like regret can serve as a learning signal. Previous work showed that both anticipated disappointment and regret influence decisions. In addition, experienced regret is associated with higher emotional responses than disappointment. Yet it is not clear whether this amplification is due to additive effects of disappointment and regret when the outcomes of alternative actions are available, or whether it reflects the learning feature of regret signals. In this perspective, we used eye‐tracking to …


Domestic Shower Hose Biofilms Contain Fungal Species Capable Of Causing Opportunistic Infection, John Moat, Athanasios Rizoulis, Graeme Fox, Mathew Upton Apr 2016

Domestic Shower Hose Biofilms Contain Fungal Species Capable Of Causing Opportunistic Infection, John Moat, Athanasios Rizoulis, Graeme Fox, Mathew Upton

School of Biomedical Sciences

The domestic environment can be a source of pathogenic bacteria. We show here that domestic shower hoses may harbour potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Well-developed biofilms were physically removed from the internal surface of shower hoses collected in four locations in England and Scotland. Amplicon pyrosequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA targets revealed the presence of common aquatic and environmental bacteria, including members of the Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and non-tuberculous Mycobacteria. These bacteria are associated with infections in immunocompromised hosts and are widely reported in shower systems and as causes of water-acquired infection. More importantly, this study represents the first …


Focusing Of Baroclinic Tidal Energy In A Canyon, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk, Mark E. Inall, Marie Porter, Dmitry Aleynik Apr 2016

Focusing Of Baroclinic Tidal Energy In A Canyon, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk, Mark E. Inall, Marie Porter, Dmitry Aleynik

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Strong three-dimensional focusing of internal tidal energy in the Petite Sole Canyon in the Celtic Sea is analyzed using observational data and numerical modeling. In a deep layer (500-800 m) in the center of the canyon, shear variance was elevated by an order of magnitude. Corresponding large vertical oscillations of deep isotherms and a local maximum of horizontal velocity were replicated numerically using the MITgcm. The elevated internal tidal activity in the deep part of the canyon is explained in terms of the downward propagation and focusing of multiple internal tidal beams generated at the shelf break. The near-circular shape …


Oil Price Forecasting Using Gene Expression Programming And Artificial Neural Networks, Aa El-Masry, M Mostafa Apr 2016

Oil Price Forecasting Using Gene Expression Programming And Artificial Neural Networks, Aa El-Masry, M Mostafa

Plymouth Business School

This study aims to forecast oil prices using evolutionary techniques such as gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural network (NN) models to predict oil prices over the period from January 2, 1986 to June 12, 2012. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models are employed to benchmark evolutionary models. The results reveal that the GEP technique outperforms traditional statistical techniques in predicting oil prices. Further, the GEP model outperforms the NN and the ARIMA models in terms of the mean squared error, the root mean squared error and the mean absolute error. Finally, the GEP model also has the highest …


Effect Of Dietary Components On The Gut Microbiota Of Aquatic Animals. A Never-Ending Story?, E. Ringø, Z. Zhou, J. L.G. Vecino, S. Wadsworth, J. Romero, Krogdahl, R. E. Olsen, A. Dimitroglou, A. Foey, S. Davies, M. Owen, H. L. Lauzon, L. L. Martinsen, P. De Schryver, P. Bossier, S. Sperstad, D. L. Merrifield Apr 2016

Effect Of Dietary Components On The Gut Microbiota Of Aquatic Animals. A Never-Ending Story?, E. Ringø, Z. Zhou, J. L.G. Vecino, S. Wadsworth, J. Romero, Krogdahl, R. E. Olsen, A. Dimitroglou, A. Foey, S. Davies, M. Owen, H. L. Lauzon, L. L. Martinsen, P. De Schryver, P. Bossier, S. Sperstad, D. L. Merrifield

School of Biomedical Sciences

It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well-being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as autochthonous or indigenous, when they are able to colonize the host's epithelial surface or are associated with the microvilli, or as allochthonous or transient (associated with digesta or are present in the lumen). Furthermore, the gut microbiota of aquatic animals is more fluidic than that of terrestrial vertebrates and is highly sensitive to dietary changes. In fish, it is demonstrated that [a] dietary form (live feeds or pelleted diets), [b] dietary …


Video-Based Nearshore Bathymetry Estimation In Macro-Tidal Environments, E. W.J. Bergsma, D. C. Conley, M. A. Davidson, T. J. O'Hare Apr 2016

Video-Based Nearshore Bathymetry Estimation In Macro-Tidal Environments, E. W.J. Bergsma, D. C. Conley, M. A. Davidson, T. J. O'Hare

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Seasonal Biochemical And Photophysiological Responses In The Intertidal Macroalga Cystoseira Tamariscifolia (Ochrophyta), Psm Celis-Pla, Zenilda L. Bouzon, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Eder C. Schmidt, Nathalie Korbee, Félix L. Figueroa Apr 2016

Seasonal Biochemical And Photophysiological Responses In The Intertidal Macroalga Cystoseira Tamariscifolia (Ochrophyta), Psm Celis-Pla, Zenilda L. Bouzon, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Eder C. Schmidt, Nathalie Korbee, Félix L. Figueroa

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Sustainable Geoscience, I Stewart Mar 2016

Sustainable Geoscience, I Stewart

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

To the editor – Humankind is using more natural resources than ever before. The way we are using these materials has already started to affect our ecosystem irreversibly. Overuse of the Earth’s natural wealth has the potential to impact our ability to sustain the economy, protect national security and preserve the natural environment. Geoscientists are well placed to make critical contributions to contemporary sustainability issues. Yet, most geologists have little or no direct involvement in the growing societal shift towards sustainable development. Humans are now a dominant geological force on the planet. The cumulative impacts of anthropogenic changes are sufficiently …


Developing Family Interventions For Adolescent Hiv Prevention In South Africa, C Kuo, M Atujuna, C Mathews, Dj Stein, Et Al Mar 2016

Developing Family Interventions For Adolescent Hiv Prevention In South Africa, C Kuo, M Atujuna, C Mathews, Dj Stein, Et Al

Peninsula Medical School

Adolescents and young people account for 40% of all new HIV infections each year, with South Africa one of the hardest hit countries, and having the largest population of people living with HIV. Although adolescent HIV prevention has been delivered through diverse modalities in South Africa, and although family-based approaches for adolescent HIV prevention have great potential for highly affected settings such as South Africa, there is a scarcity of empirically tested family-based adolescent HIV preventive interventions in this setting. We therefore conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with key informants including clinicians, researchers, and other individuals representing organizations providing …


Something In The Air? The Impact Of Volatiles On Mollusc Attack Of Oilseed Rape Seedlings, Roger W.R. Shannon, Anne Emmanuelle Félix, Guy M. Poppy, Philip L. Newland, Nicole M. Van Dam, Mick E. Hanley Mar 2016

Something In The Air? The Impact Of Volatiles On Mollusc Attack Of Oilseed Rape Seedlings, Roger W.R. Shannon, Anne Emmanuelle Félix, Guy M. Poppy, Philip L. Newland, Nicole M. Van Dam, Mick E. Hanley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Background and Aims Mounting concerns about balancing food security with the environmental impacts of agro-chemical use underpin the need to better understand the mechanisms by which crop plants, particularly during the vulnerable seedling stage, attract or repel herbivores. Methods The feeding preferences of the mollusc Helix aspersa were determined for several oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivars and a rank order of acceptability was established. This was compared with glucosinolate concentrations and volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles to determine whether seedling acceptability to molluscs was linked to either form of defence. Key Results While VOC profiles for each oilseed rape cultivar …


Quantitative Estimates Of Sinking Sea Ice Particulate Organic Carbon Based On The Biomarker Ip25, T. A. Brown, S. T. Belt, M. Gosselin, M. Levasseur, M. Poulin, C. J. Mundy Mar 2016

Quantitative Estimates Of Sinking Sea Ice Particulate Organic Carbon Based On The Biomarker Ip25, T. A. Brown, S. T. Belt, M. Gosselin, M. Levasseur, M. Poulin, C. J. Mundy

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.


Understanding Fans' Responses To The Sponsor Of A Rival Team, Robert J. Angell, Matthew Gorton, Paul Bottomley, John White Mar 2016

Understanding Fans' Responses To The Sponsor Of A Rival Team, Robert J. Angell, Matthew Gorton, Paul Bottomley, John White

Plymouth Business School

No abstract provided.


Extreme Wave Activity During 2013/2014 Winter And Morphological Impacts Along The Atlantic Coast Of Europe, Gerd Masselink, Bruno Castelle, Tim Scott, Guillaume Dodet, Serge Suanez, Derek Jackson, France Floc'h Mar 2016

Extreme Wave Activity During 2013/2014 Winter And Morphological Impacts Along The Atlantic Coast Of Europe, Gerd Masselink, Bruno Castelle, Tim Scott, Guillaume Dodet, Serge Suanez, Derek Jackson, France Floc'h

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AbstractStudies of coastal vulnerability due to climate change tend to focus on the consequences of sea level rise, rather than the complex coastal responses resulting from changes to the extreme wave climate. Here we investigate the 2013/2014 winter wave conditions that severely impacted the Atlantic coast of Europe and demonstrate that this winter was the most energetic along most of the Atlantic coast of Europe since at least 1948. Along exposed open‐coast sites, extensive beach and dune erosion occurred due to offshore sediment transport. More sheltered sites experienced less erosion and one of the sites even experienced accretion due to …