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Articles 3691 - 3720 of 6798
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Consumer Willingness To Pay And Economic Viability Of Speciality Milk Products, Andrew Jones
Consumer Willingness To Pay And Economic Viability Of Speciality Milk Products, Andrew Jones
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Industrial change over the past century has driven a decline in UK dairy farming. This study examines potential diversification within the sector through investigating consumer demand and the economic viability of ‘speciality’ milk products. The data for this study was collected from both consumers and producers in order to produce a model integrating both supply and demand economics. Information from consumers was collected via a questionnaire whereby dairy farming knowledge, opinion and willingness to pay (WTP) for speciality milk products was investigated. As economic or production data for speciality products is not readily available, this information was gathered through multiple …
The Effect Of Rein Type And Bit Type On Rein Tension In The Ridden Horse, Megan O'Neill
The Effect Of Rein Type And Bit Type On Rein Tension In The Ridden Horse, Megan O'Neill
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
An important area of Equitation Science is rein tension; which is used to control ridden and unridden horses primarily using the application of negative reinforcement. Rein tension is affected by several variables including the rider, horse and equipment, although not all aspects of these variables have been studied. The work undertaken for this thesis comprised of three separate yet interlinked sections. The first identified (by qualitative questionnaire) the most commonly used bridle, reins and bit types and why the equestrian population use them. The results produced determined which rein and bit types would be trialled in the second and third …
The Bioavailability And Biological Effects Of Nanomaterials Towards Escherichia Coli: With Reference To The Soil Environment, Joanne Vassallo
The Bioavailability And Biological Effects Of Nanomaterials Towards Escherichia Coli: With Reference To The Soil Environment, Joanne Vassallo
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are specifically designed with different functionalities to satisfy required industrial, medical or commercial purposes. The inevitable release of these materials to the environment may impact negatively bacteria that are essential for the ecosystem’s well-being. This work aimed to identify features that determine the hazardous nature of nanomaterials to bacteria. At first, the bacterial growth inhibition concentrations for silver (Ag), cupric oxide (CuO), cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs), titanium dioxide (TiO2), nanodiamonds and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were determined on Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 grown in 96-well plates. The nano-forms of Ag, CuO, TiO2 and the CdTe QDs …
Mixing And Dispersion Of A Small Estuarine Plume, Megan Sheridan
Mixing And Dispersion Of A Small Estuarine Plume, Megan Sheridan
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Entrainment velocity, salt flux and the turbulent diffusivity of salt are estimated in the outflow of a small, radially spreading buoyant outflow, just outside of the Teign Estuary mouth, as a means to compare mixing dynamics between very small and larger–scale estuarine and river plumes, and build on a scant knowledge base regarding the former. The analysis was made using a control volume approach, based on the conservation of momentum, volume and salt, from a Lagrangian perspective. Drifting buoys were used to accomplish this. The analysis was based on that employed by McCabe et al. (2008), with some modifications to …
Patterns And Process: Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function Response To Changes In The Arable Landscape, Nicholas Alexander James Berkley
Patterns And Process: Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function Response To Changes In The Arable Landscape, Nicholas Alexander James Berkley
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
Land use change is a major driver of species loss worldwide, the extent and intensity of agricultural land use poses particular pressures for biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides. In recent years, agroecosystems have seen the introduction of 2nd generation bioenergy crops in order to tackle anthropogenic climate change, providing a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. In this thesis I study the impact of cultivating two commercial perennial energy crops (PECs), Miscanthus x giganteus and willow short-rotation coppice, when compared to the cereal crops they replace. I investigate processes relevant to the provisioning of pollination and decomposition services and …
Whole Mount Immunostaining On Mouse Sciatic Nerves To Visualize Events Of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, Xin Peng Dun, David B. Parkinson
Whole Mount Immunostaining On Mouse Sciatic Nerves To Visualize Events Of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, Xin Peng Dun, David B. Parkinson
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Transection And Crush Models Of Nerve Injury To Measure Repair And Remyelination In Peripheral Nerve, Xin Peng Dun, David B. Parkinson
Transection And Crush Models Of Nerve Injury To Measure Repair And Remyelination In Peripheral Nerve, Xin Peng Dun, David B. Parkinson
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Longitudinal Analyses Of Serum Metabolite Phenotypes In The Earlybird Cohort Identify Metabolic Readouts Associated With Childhood Insulin Resistance, J Hosking, M Lauria, O Cominetti, A Jeffery, J Hager, J Pinkney, F-P Martin
Longitudinal Analyses Of Serum Metabolite Phenotypes In The Earlybird Cohort Identify Metabolic Readouts Associated With Childhood Insulin Resistance, J Hosking, M Lauria, O Cominetti, A Jeffery, J Hager, J Pinkney, F-P Martin
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Vegetation And Land-Use Change In Northern Europe During Late Antiquity: A Regional-Scale Pollen-Based Reconstruction, J Woodbridge-Fisher, R Fyfe, Cn Roberts
Vegetation And Land-Use Change In Northern Europe During Late Antiquity: A Regional-Scale Pollen-Based Reconstruction, J Woodbridge-Fisher, R Fyfe, Cn Roberts
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
The 2018 Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness Score, Robert C. Roach, Peter H. Hackett, Oswald Oelz, Peter Bärtsch, Andrew M. Luks, Martin J. Macinnis, J. Kenneth Baillie, Eric Achatz, Edi Albert, Js Andrews, Jd Anholm, Mz Ashraf, P Auerbach, B Basnyat, Ba Beidleman, Rr Berendsen, Mm Berger, Ke Bloch, H Brugger, A Cogo, Rg Costa, A Cumpstey, A Cymerman, T Debevec, C Duncan, D Dubowitz, A Fago, M Furian, M Gaidica, P Ganguli, Mpw Grocott, D Hammer, D Hall, D Hillebrandt, Mp Hilty, G Himashree, B Honigman, N Gilbert-Kawai, B Kayser, L Keyes, M Koehle, S Kohli, A Kuenzel, Bd Levine, M Lichtblau, J Macdonald, Mb Maeder, M Maggiorini, Daniel Martin, S Masuyama, J Mccall, S Mcintosh, Gregoire Millet, Fernando Moraga, Craig Mounsey, Stephen R. Muza, Samuel Oliver, Qadar Pasha, Ryan Paterson, Lara Phillips, Aurélien Pichon, Philipp A. Pickerodt, Matiram Pun, Manjari Rain, Drummond Rennie, G Ri-Li, Steven Roy, Samuel Verges, Santos Tbc Dos, Robert B. Schoene, Otto D. Schoch, Surinderpal Singh, Talant Sooronbaev, Craig D. Steinback, Mike Stembridge, Glenn Stewart, Tsering Stobdan, Giacomo Strapazzon, Andrew W. Subudhi, Erik Swenson, Thompson Aa Roger, Patot Mt Van, Rosie Twomey, Silvia Ulrich, Nicolas Voituron, Dale R. Wagner, Shih Hao Wang, John B. West, Matt Wilkes, Gabriel Willmann
The 2018 Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness Score, Robert C. Roach, Peter H. Hackett, Oswald Oelz, Peter Bärtsch, Andrew M. Luks, Martin J. Macinnis, J. Kenneth Baillie, Eric Achatz, Edi Albert, Js Andrews, Jd Anholm, Mz Ashraf, P Auerbach, B Basnyat, Ba Beidleman, Rr Berendsen, Mm Berger, Ke Bloch, H Brugger, A Cogo, Rg Costa, A Cumpstey, A Cymerman, T Debevec, C Duncan, D Dubowitz, A Fago, M Furian, M Gaidica, P Ganguli, Mpw Grocott, D Hammer, D Hall, D Hillebrandt, Mp Hilty, G Himashree, B Honigman, N Gilbert-Kawai, B Kayser, L Keyes, M Koehle, S Kohli, A Kuenzel, Bd Levine, M Lichtblau, J Macdonald, Mb Maeder, M Maggiorini, Daniel Martin, S Masuyama, J Mccall, S Mcintosh, Gregoire Millet, Fernando Moraga, Craig Mounsey, Stephen R. Muza, Samuel Oliver, Qadar Pasha, Ryan Paterson, Lara Phillips, Aurélien Pichon, Philipp A. Pickerodt, Matiram Pun, Manjari Rain, Drummond Rennie, G Ri-Li, Steven Roy, Samuel Verges, Santos Tbc Dos, Robert B. Schoene, Otto D. Schoch, Surinderpal Singh, Talant Sooronbaev, Craig D. Steinback, Mike Stembridge, Glenn Stewart, Tsering Stobdan, Giacomo Strapazzon, Andrew W. Subudhi, Erik Swenson, Thompson Aa Roger, Patot Mt Van, Rosie Twomey, Silvia Ulrich, Nicolas Voituron, Dale R. Wagner, Shih Hao Wang, John B. West, Matt Wilkes, Gabriel Willmann
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Hidden In Plain Sight: Species Richness And Habitat Characterisation Of Sublittoral Pebble Beds, Julian Evans, Martin J. Attrill, Joseph A. Borg, Peter A. Cotton, Patrick J. Schembri
Hidden In Plain Sight: Species Richness And Habitat Characterisation Of Sublittoral Pebble Beds, Julian Evans, Martin J. Attrill, Joseph A. Borg, Peter A. Cotton, Patrick J. Schembri
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Influence Of Bioenergy Crops On Pollinator Activity Varies With Crop Type And Distance, Nicholas A.J. Berkley, Mick E. Hanley, Rich Boden, Robyn S. Owen, Jordan H. Holmes, Russell D. Critchley, Kathryn Carroll, Daniel G.M. Sawyer, Camille Parmesan
Influence Of Bioenergy Crops On Pollinator Activity Varies With Crop Type And Distance, Nicholas A.J. Berkley, Mick E. Hanley, Rich Boden, Robyn S. Owen, Jordan H. Holmes, Russell D. Critchley, Kathryn Carroll, Daniel G.M. Sawyer, Camille Parmesan
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
A Developmental Model Of Trust In Humanoid Robots, Massimiliano Patacchiola
A Developmental Model Of Trust In Humanoid Robots, Massimiliano Patacchiola
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses
Trust between humans and artificial systems has recently received increased attention due to the widespread use of autonomous systems in our society. In this context trust plays a dual role. On the one hand it is necessary to build robots that are perceived as trustworthy by humans. On the other hand we need to give to those robots the ability to discriminate between reliable and unreliable informants. This thesis focused on the second problem, presenting an interdisciplinary investigation of trust, in particular a computational model based on neuroscientific and psychological assumptions. First of all, the use of Bayesian networks for …
Block And Boulder Accumulations On The Southern Coast Of Crete (Greece): Evidence For The 365 Ce Tsunami In The Eastern Mediterranean, Sarah J. Boulton, Michael R.Z. Whitworth
Block And Boulder Accumulations On The Southern Coast Of Crete (Greece): Evidence For The 365 Ce Tsunami In The Eastern Mediterranean, Sarah J. Boulton, Michael R.Z. Whitworth
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Laser Light Interaction And Their Influence On Dna And Cell Under In Vitro Conditions, Ruwaidah Abdulameer Mussttaf
Laser Light Interaction And Their Influence On Dna And Cell Under In Vitro Conditions, Ruwaidah Abdulameer Mussttaf
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses
Laser photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a form of phototherapy recognized worldwide for its expansive use in medicine. PBM/LLLT has the ability to enhance enzymatic activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential that increase the availability of energy and the signal transduction, which promotes cell proliferation. This study primarily investigates the appropriateness of a range of treatment parameters, including light wavelength, irradiance (doses) and exposure time of PBM/LLLT in proliferation of cultured human monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1(Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1), as well as DNA under in vitro conditions. A secondary objective was to exploit the beneficial effect of PBM/LLLT …
An Investigation Into The Impact Of Visual-Spatial Difficulties On Learning Geometry, Sridhar Nagubandi
An Investigation Into The Impact Of Visual-Spatial Difficulties On Learning Geometry, Sridhar Nagubandi
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses
This thesis reports the findings of my study of students with visual-spatial deficits in my specialist school in the city of New York. It is comprised of a pilot study, mathematical interviews, and interventions with students and teachers. This study is qualitative and primarily uses case studies to explain the interventions with both the students and the teachers. The study is made up of interventions with two students, and interventions with several teachers who work in my specialist K-12 school which includes both primary and secondary school teachers. Since very little research has been conducted in this field to this …
Intention Insertion: Activating An Action's Perceptual Consequences Is Sufficient To Induce Non-Willed Motor Behavior, James Colton, Patric Bach, Ben Whalley, Christopher Mitchell
Intention Insertion: Activating An Action's Perceptual Consequences Is Sufficient To Induce Non-Willed Motor Behavior, James Colton, Patric Bach, Ben Whalley, Christopher Mitchell
School of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Separate Neural Representations Of Prediction Error Valence And Surprise: Evidence From An Fmri Meta-Analysis., Elsa Fouragnan, Chris Retzler, Marios G. Philiastides
Separate Neural Representations Of Prediction Error Valence And Surprise: Evidence From An Fmri Meta-Analysis., Elsa Fouragnan, Chris Retzler, Marios G. Philiastides
School of Psychology
Learning occurs when an outcome differs from expectations, generating a reward prediction error signal (RPE). The RPE signal has been hypothesized to simultaneously embody the valence of an outcome (better or worse than expected) and its surprise (how far from expectations). Nonetheless, growing evidence suggests that separate representations of the two RPE components exist in the human brain. Meta-analyses provide an opportunity to test this hypothesis and directly probe the extent to which the valence and surprise of the error signal are encoded in separate or overlapping networks. We carried out several meta-analyses on a large set of fMRI studies …
The Possible Role Of Endogenous Retroviruses In Tumour Development And Innate Signalling, Emmanuel Atangana Maze
The Possible Role Of Endogenous Retroviruses In Tumour Development And Innate Signalling, Emmanuel Atangana Maze
School of Biomedical Sciences Theses
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are fossils of ancient retroviral infection in the germline. In primates they represent around 5% of the genome sequence. During time spent in the genome, being transmitted in a Mendelian fashion, copies of ERVs have accumulated mutations, which rendered them inactive. However, some of them (the most recently integrated ones) are still able to transcribe and produce viral proteins, although few are capable of re-infection. In the past often considered as unharmful ‘junk DNA’, recent evidence link ERVs with cancer and several inflammatory diseases. For example, a few reports demonstrate that ERVs are involved in tumour development …
Corporate Governance In The Nonprofit Sector: A Grounded Theory Approach To Studying The Trustee Board, George Dexter
Corporate Governance In The Nonprofit Sector: A Grounded Theory Approach To Studying The Trustee Board, George Dexter
Plymouth Business School Theses
This thesis uses a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate nonprofit corporate governance in the UK; using data obtained from participatory observations of board and associated meetings, workshops, and unstructured elite interviews. Open codes are generated and brought together as concepts, which are then iteratively compared and grouped in open categories. These categories are then reassembled using the paradigm model into five axial codes: the clash of orthodoxies; clash of motivations; regulator versus board power; clash of rationalities; and effective board duality. A dialectical approach is then used to create the core category of the ‘clash of neoliberal and public …
Low Levels Of Microplastics (Mp) In Wild Mussels Indicate That Mp Ingestion By Humans Is Minimal Compared To Exposure Via Household Fibres Fallout During A Meal., Ana I. Catarino, Valeria Macchia, William G. Sanderson, Richard C. Thompson, Theodore B. Henry
Low Levels Of Microplastics (Mp) In Wild Mussels Indicate That Mp Ingestion By Humans Is Minimal Compared To Exposure Via Household Fibres Fallout During A Meal., Ana I. Catarino, Valeria Macchia, William G. Sanderson, Richard C. Thompson, Theodore B. Henry
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Microplastics (MPs) are the most numerous debris reported in marine environments and assessment of the amounts of MPs that accumulate in wild organisms is necessary for risk assessment. Our objective was to assess MP contamination in mussels collected around the coast of Scotland (UK) to identify characteristics of MPs and to evaluate risk of human exposure to MPs via ingestion of mussels. We deployed caged mussels (Mytilus edulis) in an urbanised estuary (Edinburgh, UK) to assess seasonal changes in plastic pollution, and collected mussels (Mytilus spp and subtidal Modiolus modiolus) from eight sampling stations around Scotland to enumerate MP types …
The Effects Of Elevated Co2 On Shell Properties And Susceptibility To Predation In Mussels Mytilus Edulis, Daniel E. Sadler, Anaëlle J. Lemasson, Antony M. Knights
The Effects Of Elevated Co2 On Shell Properties And Susceptibility To Predation In Mussels Mytilus Edulis, Daniel E. Sadler, Anaëlle J. Lemasson, Antony M. Knights
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
For many species, ocean acidification (OA) is having negative physiological consequences on their fitness and resilience to environmental change, but less is known about the ecosystem effects of these changes. Here, we assess how OA conditions predicted for 2100 affects the biological functioning of an important habitat-forming species Mytilus edulis and its susceptibility to predation by a key predator, the gastropod Nucella lapillus. Change in three physiological parameters in Mytilus were assessed: (1) shell thickness and cross-sectional surface area, (2) body volume and (3) feeding rate, as well as susceptibility to predation by N. lapillus. Shell thickness and cross-section area, …
Neurosensitivity: Implications For Cognition And Creativity., David Bridges
Neurosensitivity: Implications For Cognition And Creativity., David Bridges
School of Psychology Theses
Sensory-processing sensitivity, or neurosensitivity, is a biologically-based personality dimension with implications for personality, creativity and cognition. This thesis focuses on sensitivity and its cognitive implications using recent state-of-the-art sensitivity and creativity assessments with an aim to identify objective cognitive tests of sensitivity that can supplement self-report measures, whilst providing insight into the brain basis for creativity. In Chapter 1, we review literature on creativity and sensitivity. Chapter 2 presents new evidence that positive-affect-related dimensions of sensitivity benefit creativity independently and/or interactively with Big-Five openness. Factor analysis in Chapter 3 provides important evidence that multiple dimensions of sensitivity are distinct from …
The Policy And Practice Of Inclusion Of Children With Specific Learning Difficulties In Mainstream Primary Girls’ Schools In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Exploring The Attitudes And Experiences Of Teachers, Amirah Alshenaifi
Plymouth Institute of Education Theses
This research project examines the implementation of the policy and practice of inclusion in girls’ primary schools of Saudi Arabia. In particular, it focuses on the work of teachers - their attitudes, beliefs, methods, and experiences - because it is they who are ultimately responsible for applying the policy by using inclusive practices in their classroom activities. Since the 1970s many countries have adopted a policy of including in mainstream schools those children with physical or cognitive impairments, or with learning difficulties. Formerly, children with special needs or learning difficulties were segregated in ‘special’ schools; this process of separation caused …
Understanding The Impact On The Wellbeing Of Students With Specific Learning Difficulties Through Teaching Interventions, Dylan K Williams
Understanding The Impact On The Wellbeing Of Students With Specific Learning Difficulties Through Teaching Interventions, Dylan K Williams
Plymouth Institute of Education Theses
The study set out to explore whether teaching methods can improve the wellbeing of students with SpLDs. This study addresses a gap in the literature, identifying wellbeing differences between different types of educational environment and SEN provisions. It explores whether there are benefits from inclusive education to student wellbeing, considering constructs of wellbeing relevant to the impact of SpLDs, synthesising pedagogic, psychotherapeutic and developmental perspectives. 74 student participants were recruited through the SEN departments of 4 UK schools - each with differing approaches to SEN support. Student participants completed two psychometric wellbeing questionnaires. They also engaged in photographic exercise, capturing …
Comparing Interventions And Beliefs About Autism And Links To Interpersonal Relatedness In Two Cities, In Turkey And England, Mahmut Serkan Yazici
Comparing Interventions And Beliefs About Autism And Links To Interpersonal Relatedness In Two Cities, In Turkey And England, Mahmut Serkan Yazici
Plymouth Institute of Education Theses
This thesis explores similarities and differences between interventions and beliefs about autism in Turkey and England. It is known that Turkish culture is interdependent and English culture is independent. It is also known that differences in interpersonal relatedness affect views about social behaviour, life goals and social priorities. This thesis, therefore, also explores whether interpersonal relatedness influences interventions and belief about autism in both countries. This research is based on case studies of special and mainstream schools in two cities, one in Turkey and one in England. The study used mixed research methods including questionnaires, interviews and observations. Participants included …
The Sorption Fate Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients In Soils Receiving High Wastewater Inputs And Implications For Risk Assessments, Katherine Edith Lees
The Sorption Fate Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients In Soils Receiving High Wastewater Inputs And Implications For Risk Assessments, Katherine Edith Lees
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Population growth, increasing affluence, and greater access to medicines have led to an increase in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) entering sewerage networks. Wastewater in lower and lower middle-income countries use that use wastewater for irrigation may use untreated or poorly treated wastewater resulting in the potential for greater concentrations of APIs to enter soils in this way. Wastewater re-used for irrigation is currently not included in environmental risk assessments for APIs in soils. The addition of wastewater to soils changes the organic content and can increase the pH of soils, which will have an impact on the fate of any …
Ecology And Climates Of Early Middle Pleistocene Interglacials In Britain, Francis Rowney
Ecology And Climates Of Early Middle Pleistocene Interglacials In Britain, Francis Rowney
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
This thesis refines and develops understanding of the ecological and climatic characteristics of early Middle Pleistocene (MIS 19-13, c. 780-430 ka) interglacial environments in Britain. This period is characterised by globally muted (i.e. low amplitude) glacial-interglacial cycles, which increased in amplitude c. 430 ka with the Mid-Brunhes Transition (MBT). However, the influence of these global climatic characteristics on climates and ecology at regional and local scales is yet to be fully understood. Local ecological processes, particularly disturbance processes, have also received limited attention in pre-Holocene interglacial settings, despite their likely importance for vegetation and habitat structure. Chapters 4, 5 and …
Organic Nitrogen Uptake By Marine Algae: Consequences For Marine Ecosystem Functioning And Biodiversity, Monica Raccagni
Organic Nitrogen Uptake By Marine Algae: Consequences For Marine Ecosystem Functioning And Biodiversity, Monica Raccagni
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) represents a major pool of fixed, reactive nitrogen in marine systems. It is now recognized that this pool can support primary production and the ability of some algal species to exploit DON compounds as sources of Nitrogen (N) may indicate that specific DON components can exert selective pressure on the composition of the phytoplankton community. In this study the ability of monocultures of ecologically-relevant algal species from the English Channel (Emiliania huxleyi, Micromonas pusilla, Alexandrium minutum and Chaetoceros peruvianus) to grow with DON as the only N source was examined using different artificial media. Among the …
The Separation Of The Polar Constituents Of Petroleum, William Robson
The Separation Of The Polar Constituents Of Petroleum, William Robson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
Identification of the heteroatom (nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen; NSO)-containing compounds of petroleum is of key importance when considering industrial and environmental issues associated with crude oil production. The inherent molecular complexity of petroleum is such that detailed compositional investigations must ideally be preceded by some form of pre-fractionation. However, the more commonly performed methods of crude oil fractionation are often insufficient in the extent to which they separate oils, not allowing defined “molecular” fractions to be obtained and thus hindering more detailed investigations. The following work therefore focused on the development of chromatographic methods to aid in the characterisation of …