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The Forgotten Ocean: Why Cop26 Must Call For Vastly Greater Ambition And Urgency To Address Ocean Change, Dan Laffoley, John M. Baxter, Diva J. Amon, Joachim Claudet, Craig A. Downs, Sylvia A. Earle, Kristina M. Gjerde, Jm Hall‐Spencer, Heather J. Koldewey, Lisa A. Levin, Chris P. Reid, Callum M. Roberts, Rashid U. Sumaila, Michelle L. Taylor, Torsten Thiele, Lucy C. Woodall Nov 2021

The Forgotten Ocean: Why Cop26 Must Call For Vastly Greater Ambition And Urgency To Address Ocean Change, Dan Laffoley, John M. Baxter, Diva J. Amon, Joachim Claudet, Craig A. Downs, Sylvia A. Earle, Kristina M. Gjerde, Jm Hall‐Spencer, Heather J. Koldewey, Lisa A. Levin, Chris P. Reid, Callum M. Roberts, Rashid U. Sumaila, Michelle L. Taylor, Torsten Thiele, Lucy C. Woodall

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Current- And Wave-Generated Bedforms On Mixed Sand–Clay Intertidal Flats: A New Bedform Phase Diagram And Implications For Bed Roughness And Preservation Potential, Jh Baas, J Malarkey, I Lichtman, Lo Amoudry, P Thorne, J Hope, J Peakall, D Paterson, Sarah Bass, R Cooke, Andrew Manning, D Parsons, L Ye Nov 2021

Current- And Wave-Generated Bedforms On Mixed Sand–Clay Intertidal Flats: A New Bedform Phase Diagram And Implications For Bed Roughness And Preservation Potential, Jh Baas, J Malarkey, I Lichtman, Lo Amoudry, P Thorne, J Hope, J Peakall, D Paterson, Sarah Bass, R Cooke, Andrew Manning, D Parsons, L Ye

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The effect of bedforms on frictional roughness felt by the overlying flow is crucial to the regional modelling of estuaries and coastal seas. Bedforms are also a key marker of palaeoenvironments. Experiments have shown that even modest biotic and abiotic cohesion in sand inhibits bedform formation, modifies bedform size, and slows bedform development, but this has rarely been tested in nature. The present study used a comprehensive dataset recorded over a complete spring–neap cycle on an intertidal flat to investigate bedform dynamics controlled by a wide range of wave and current conditions, including the effects of wave–current angle and bed …


Excitotoxic Lesions Of The Perirhinal Cortex Leave Intact Rats’ Gustatory Sensory Preconditioning, Jasper Robinson, Peter M. Jones, Emma J. Whitt Nov 2021

Excitotoxic Lesions Of The Perirhinal Cortex Leave Intact Rats’ Gustatory Sensory Preconditioning, Jasper Robinson, Peter M. Jones, Emma J. Whitt

School of Psychology

We report findings from two sensory preconditioning experiments in which rats consumed two flavoured solutions, each with two gustatory components (AX and BY), composed of sweet, bitter, salt, and acid elements. After this pre-exposure, rats were conditioned to X by pairing with lithium chloride. Standard sensory preconditioning was observed: Consumption of flavour A was less than that of B. We found that sensory preconditioning was maintained when X was added to A and B. Both experiments included one group of rats with lesions of the perirhinal cortex, which did not influence sensory preconditioning. We discuss our findings in the light …


The Bioaccumulation Testing Strategy For Manufactured Nanomaterials: Physico-Chemical Triggers And Read Across From Earthworms In A Meta-Analysis, R. D. Handy, N. J. Clark, J. Vassallo, C. Green, F. Nasser, K. Tatsi, T. H. Hutchinson, D. Boyle, M. Baccaro, Den Brink N Van, C. Svendsen Nov 2021

The Bioaccumulation Testing Strategy For Manufactured Nanomaterials: Physico-Chemical Triggers And Read Across From Earthworms In A Meta-Analysis, R. D. Handy, N. J. Clark, J. Vassallo, C. Green, F. Nasser, K. Tatsi, T. H. Hutchinson, D. Boyle, M. Baccaro, Den Brink N Van, C. Svendsen

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

How to use chemical triggers and invertebrate tests in the lower tiers of a bioaccumulation testing strategy.


Terrestrial Borne Litter In The Marine Environment – Evidence Review And Quantifying The Issue, W Courtene-Jones, R Thompson Nov 2021

Terrestrial Borne Litter In The Marine Environment – Evidence Review And Quantifying The Issue, W Courtene-Jones, R Thompson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Ecosystem Approach To Fisheries Management Works—How Switching From Mobile To Static Fishing Gear Improves Populations Of Fished And Non‐Fished Species Inside A Marine‐Protected Area, Bede F.R. Davies, Luke Holmes, Adam Rees, Martin J. Attrill, Amy Y. Cartwright, Emma V. Sheehan Nov 2021

Ecosystem Approach To Fisheries Management Works—How Switching From Mobile To Static Fishing Gear Improves Populations Of Fished And Non‐Fished Species Inside A Marine‐Protected Area, Bede F.R. Davies, Luke Holmes, Adam Rees, Martin J. Attrill, Amy Y. Cartwright, Emma V. Sheehan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Designated using a Statutory Instrument in 2008, Lyme Bay marine-protected area (MPA) is the UK's first and largest example of an ambitious, whole-site approach to management, to recover and protect reef biodiversity. The whole-site approach applies consistent management, in this case excluding bottom towed fishing, across the full 206 km2 extent of the MPA, thus protecting a mosaic of reef-associated habitats from regular damage, while still allowing less destructive fishing methods, such as static gear, rod and line, and diving.To assess the effectiveness of this management strategy for mobile taxa and the sustainability for those taxa that continue to be …


Uk B.1.1.7 (Alpha) Variant Exhibits Increased Respiratory Replication And Shedding In Nonhuman Primates, Kyle Rosenke, F Feldmann, Atsushi Okumura, Frederick Hansen, Tsing Lee Tang-Huau, Kimberly Meade-White, Benjamin Kaza, Julie Callison, Matthew C. Lewis, Brian J. Smith, Patrick W. Hanley, Jamie Lovaglio, Michael A. Jarvis, Carl Shaia, H Feldmann Nov 2021

Uk B.1.1.7 (Alpha) Variant Exhibits Increased Respiratory Replication And Shedding In Nonhuman Primates, Kyle Rosenke, F Feldmann, Atsushi Okumura, Frederick Hansen, Tsing Lee Tang-Huau, Kimberly Meade-White, Benjamin Kaza, Julie Callison, Matthew C. Lewis, Brian J. Smith, Patrick W. Hanley, Jamie Lovaglio, Michael A. Jarvis, Carl Shaia, H Feldmann

School of Biomedical Sciences

The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for regular assessment to identify differences in viral replication, shedding and associated disease. In this study, we compared African green monkeys infected intranasally with either the UK B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant or its contemporary D614G progenitor. Both variants caused mild respiratory disease with no significant differences in clinical presentation. Significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus were found in upper and lower respiratory tract samples and tissues from B.1.1.7 infected animals. Interestingly, D614G infected animals showed significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus in rectal swabs and gastrointestinal tissues. Our …


Algae Sympoiesis In Performance: Rendering-With Nonhuman Ecologies, Sarah Blissett Nov 2021

Algae Sympoiesis In Performance: Rendering-With Nonhuman Ecologies, Sarah Blissett

School of Art, Design and Architecture

This article explores an ecodramaturgical approach to performance-making and research with algae. The first part considers the notion of ‘algae rendering’ as a methodological tool for theorising algae ecological relations which highlights links between representations of algae and their material effects. The second part considers how my embodied encounters with cyanobacteria algae, in the form of lichen, inspire new modes of working with algae in creative practice that explore how algae agencies ‘render’ bodies and environments. I also draw on an artistic case study by The Harrissons (1971) to illustrate principles of what I consider examples of ‘algae rendering’ in …


User-Centered Design Of Companion Robot Pets Involving Care Home Resident-Robot Interactions And Focus Groups With Residents, Staff, And Family: Qualitative Study, Hannah Louise Bradwell, Katie Edwards, Deborah Shenton, Rhona Winnington, Serge Thill, Ray B. Jones Nov 2021

User-Centered Design Of Companion Robot Pets Involving Care Home Resident-Robot Interactions And Focus Groups With Residents, Staff, And Family: Qualitative Study, Hannah Louise Bradwell, Katie Edwards, Deborah Shenton, Rhona Winnington, Serge Thill, Ray B. Jones

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Abstract Background: Globally, pressure is increasing on health and social care resources due to the aging population and growing prevalence of dementia. Companion robots, such as Paro, demonstrate strong potential for helping reduce this pressure through reported benefits including reduced agitation, depression, loneliness, care provider burden, and medication use. However, we previously identified that user-centered design of robot pets is both essential and understudied. We observed that commonly used robot pets are poorly matched to end-user requirements, and that end users and developers of robot pets differ significantly in their perception of appropriate design. This may explain some of the …


Bone Turnover In Pregnancy, Measured By Urinary Ctx, Is Influenced By Vitamin D Supplementation And Is Associated With Maternal Bone Health: Findings From The Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (Mavidos) Trial, Elizabeth M. Curtis, Camille Parsons, Kate Maslin, Stefania D'Angelo, Rebecca J. Moon, Sarah R. Crozier, Fatma Gossiel, Nicholas J. Bishop, Stephen H. Kennedy, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Robert Fraser, Saurabh V. Gandhi, Ann Prentice, Hazel M. Inskip, Keith M. Godfrey, Inez Schoenmakers, M. Kassim Javaid, Richard Eastell, Cyrus Cooper, Nicholas C. Harvey, N. K. Arden, A. Carr, M. Clynes, E. M. Dennison, M. Z. Mughal, S. J. Woolford Nov 2021

Bone Turnover In Pregnancy, Measured By Urinary Ctx, Is Influenced By Vitamin D Supplementation And Is Associated With Maternal Bone Health: Findings From The Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (Mavidos) Trial, Elizabeth M. Curtis, Camille Parsons, Kate Maslin, Stefania D'Angelo, Rebecca J. Moon, Sarah R. Crozier, Fatma Gossiel, Nicholas J. Bishop, Stephen H. Kennedy, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Robert Fraser, Saurabh V. Gandhi, Ann Prentice, Hazel M. Inskip, Keith M. Godfrey, Inez Schoenmakers, M. Kassim Javaid, Richard Eastell, Cyrus Cooper, Nicholas C. Harvey, N. K. Arden, A. Carr, M. Clynes, E. M. Dennison, M. Z. Mughal, S. J. Woolford

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background The pattern of change in maternal bone turnover throughout pregnancy is poorly characterized. Objectives We investigated changes across pregnancy in a marker of maternal bone resorption, urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), the influence of gestational vitamin D supplementation, and associations between CTX and maternal postnatal bone indices. Methods MAVIDOS (the Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 1000 IU cholecalciferol/d compared with placebo from 14 weeks of gestation to birth. Maternal second-void urinary α- and β-CTX were measured (ELISA) at 14 and 34 weeks of gestation; DXA was performed within 2 …


3d Printed Mechanically Modular Two-Degree-Of-Freedom Robotic Segment Utilizing Variable-Stiffness Actuators, Alfred Wilmot, Ian S. Howard Oct 2021

3d Printed Mechanically Modular Two-Degree-Of-Freedom Robotic Segment Utilizing Variable-Stiffness Actuators, Alfred Wilmot, Ian S. Howard

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.


Stress-Testing And Credit Risk Revisited: A Shipping Sector Application, Anna Merika, Ioannis Negkakis, Henry Penikas Oct 2021

Stress-Testing And Credit Risk Revisited: A Shipping Sector Application, Anna Merika, Ioannis Negkakis, Henry Penikas

Plymouth Business School

Conventional stress-testing in credit risk management may considerably underestimate economic losses associated with the most negative scenarios. In this paper, we show that in order to properly stress-test credit risk, we need to derive initially the default correlation among assets or companies. Then a risk measure needs to be applied to the stressed default rate distribution, in order to obtain default rates attached to the most negative scenarios. We find that the application of both the stressed default correlation and the risk measure deliver considerable deviations from the conventional approach. To illustrate our approach we use 192 publicly listed shipping …


Section Editorial: Innovations In Teaching And Course Delivery, A Syska Oct 2021

Section Editorial: Innovations In Teaching And Course Delivery, A Syska

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.


Mapping Of Population Disparities In The Cholangiocarcinoma Urinary Metabolome, Munirah Alsaleh, Zoe Leftley, Thomas O’Connor, Thomas Hughes, Thomas A. Barbera, Larry K. Koomson, Abigail Zabron, Helen Reeves, Matthew Cramp, Stephen D. Ryder, Shaun Greer, Martin Prince, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Narong Khuntikeo, Watcharin Loilome, Puangrat Yongvanit, I. Jane Cox, Roger Williams, Christopher A. Wadsworth, Elaine Holmes, Kathryn Nash, Ross Andrews, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson Oct 2021

Mapping Of Population Disparities In The Cholangiocarcinoma Urinary Metabolome, Munirah Alsaleh, Zoe Leftley, Thomas O’Connor, Thomas Hughes, Thomas A. Barbera, Larry K. Koomson, Abigail Zabron, Helen Reeves, Matthew Cramp, Stephen D. Ryder, Shaun Greer, Martin Prince, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Narong Khuntikeo, Watcharin Loilome, Puangrat Yongvanit, I. Jane Cox, Roger Williams, Christopher A. Wadsworth, Elaine Holmes, Kathryn Nash, Ross Andrews, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson

Peninsula Medical School

AbstractPhenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy = 20 and cholangiocarcinoma = 14) and UK cohorts (healthy = 22 and cholangiocarcinoma = 10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body …


The Structure Of Tardigrade Communities At Fine Spatial Scales In An Andean Polylepis Forest, Bpl Ramsay, Nigel J. Marley, David T. Bilton, Simon D. Rundle, Pm Ramsay Oct 2021

The Structure Of Tardigrade Communities At Fine Spatial Scales In An Andean Polylepis Forest, Bpl Ramsay, Nigel J. Marley, David T. Bilton, Simon D. Rundle, Pm Ramsay

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Appressorium-Mediated Plant Infection By Magnaporthe Oryzae Is Regulated By A Pmk1-Dependent Hierarchical Transcriptional Network, Míriam Osés-Ruiz, Neftaly Cruz-Mireles, Magdalena Martin-Urdiroz, Darren M. Soanes, Alice Bisola Eseola, Bozeng Tang, Paul Derbyshire, Mathias Nielsen, Jitender Cheema, Vincent Were, Iris Eisermann, Michael J. Kershaw, Xia Yan, Guadalupe Valdovinos-Ponce, Camilla Molinari, George R. Littlejohn, Barbara Valent, Frank L.H. Menke, Nicholas J. Talbot Oct 2021

Appressorium-Mediated Plant Infection By Magnaporthe Oryzae Is Regulated By A Pmk1-Dependent Hierarchical Transcriptional Network, Míriam Osés-Ruiz, Neftaly Cruz-Mireles, Magdalena Martin-Urdiroz, Darren M. Soanes, Alice Bisola Eseola, Bozeng Tang, Paul Derbyshire, Mathias Nielsen, Jitender Cheema, Vincent Were, Iris Eisermann, Michael J. Kershaw, Xia Yan, Guadalupe Valdovinos-Ponce, Camilla Molinari, George R. Littlejohn, Barbara Valent, Frank L.H. Menke, Nicholas J. Talbot

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Rice blast is a devastating disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae that threatens rice production around the world. The fungus produces a specialized infection cell, called the appressorium, that enables penetration through the plant cell wall in response to surface signals from the rice leaf. The underlying biology of plant infection, including the regulation of appressorium formation, is not completely understood. Here we report the identification of a network of temporally coregulated transcription factors that act downstream of the Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to regulate gene expression during appressorium-mediated plant infection. We show that this tiered regulatory …


Synthesis Of Thresholds Of Ocean Acidification Impacts On Decapods, John I. Spicer, Nina Bednaršek Oct 2021

Synthesis Of Thresholds Of Ocean Acidification Impacts On Decapods, John I. Spicer, Nina Bednaršek

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Assessing decapod sensitivity to regional-scale ocean acidification (OA) conditions is limited because of a fragmented understanding of the thresholds at which they exhibit biological response. To address this need, we undertook a three-step data synthesis: first, we compiled a dataset composed of 27,000 datapoints from 55 studies of decapod responses to OA. Second, we used statistical threshold analyses to identify OA thresholds using pH as a proxy for 13 response pathways from physiology to behavior, growth, development and survival. Third, we worked with the panel of experts to review these thresholds, considering the contributing datasets based on quality of the …


Benthic Assemblage Composition Of South Atlantic Seamounts, Amelia E.H. Bridges, David K.A. Barnes, James B. Bell, Rebecca E. Ross, Kerry L. Howell Oct 2021

Benthic Assemblage Composition Of South Atlantic Seamounts, Amelia E.H. Bridges, David K.A. Barnes, James B. Bell, Rebecca E. Ross, Kerry L. Howell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Seamounts and oceanic islands rise from the seafloor and provide suitable habitat for a diverse range of biological assemblages including Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). Whilst they have been the focus of some work globally, there has been little description of the biological and physical environments of seamounts in the South Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we characterized benthic assemblage composition from 13 seamounts and oceanic islands spanning 8–40°S within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of Ascension Island, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha. Drop camera imagery was collected between 170 and 1000 m. All fauna present in images were identified …


Meta-Analysis Reveals Transcription Factor Upregulation In Cells Of Injured Mouse Sciatic Nerve, Mingchao Li, Matthew C. Banton, Qing Min, David B. Parkinson, Xinpeng Dun Oct 2021

Meta-Analysis Reveals Transcription Factor Upregulation In Cells Of Injured Mouse Sciatic Nerve, Mingchao Li, Matthew C. Banton, Qing Min, David B. Parkinson, Xinpeng Dun

School of Biomedical Sciences

Following peripheral nerve injury, transcription factors upregulated in the distal nerve play essential roles in Schwann cell reprogramming, fibroblast activation and immune cell function to create a permissive distal nerve environment for axonal regrowth. In this report, we first analysed four microarray data sets to identify transcription factors that have at least twofold upregulation in the mouse distal nerve stump at day 3 and day 7 post-injury. Next, we compared their relative mRNA levels through the analysis of an available bulk mRNA sequencing data set at day 5 post-injury. We then investigated the expression of identified TFs in analysed single-cell …


A New Family Of “Megaphages” Abundant In The Marine Environment, S Michniewski, B Rihtman, R Cook, Ma Jones, Wh Wilson, Dj Scanlan, A Millard Oct 2021

A New Family Of “Megaphages” Abundant In The Marine Environment, S Michniewski, B Rihtman, R Cook, Ma Jones, Wh Wilson, Dj Scanlan, A Millard

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AbstractMegaphages, bacteriophages harbouring extremely large genomes, have recently been found to be ubiquitous, being described from a variety of microbiomes ranging from the animal gut to soil and freshwater systems. However, no complete marine megaphage has been identified to date. Here, using both short and long read sequencing, we assembled >900 high-quality draft viral genomes from water in the English Channel. One of these genomes included a novel megaphage, Mar_Mega_1 at >650 Kb, making it one of the largest phage genomes assembled to date. Utilising phylogenetic and network approaches, we found this phage represents a new family of megaphages. Genomic …


Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances: Sewage Treatment And Implications For Receiving Waters, S. D.W. Comber, M. J. Gardner, B. Ellor Oct 2021

Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances: Sewage Treatment And Implications For Receiving Waters, S. D.W. Comber, M. J. Gardner, B. Ellor

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.


Dying For Change: A Roadmap To Refine The Fish Acute Toxicity Test After 40 Years Of Applying A Lethal Endpoint, I Katsiadaki, T Ellis, L Andersen, P Antczak, E Blaker, N Burden, T Fisher, C Green, B Labram, A Pearson, K Petersen, D Pickford, C Ramsden, A Rønneseth, K Ryder, D Sacker, C Stevens, H Watanabe, H Yamamoto, F Sewell, P Hawkins, H Rufli, Rd Handy, Sk Maynard, Mn Jacobs Oct 2021

Dying For Change: A Roadmap To Refine The Fish Acute Toxicity Test After 40 Years Of Applying A Lethal Endpoint, I Katsiadaki, T Ellis, L Andersen, P Antczak, E Blaker, N Burden, T Fisher, C Green, B Labram, A Pearson, K Petersen, D Pickford, C Ramsden, A Rønneseth, K Ryder, D Sacker, C Stevens, H Watanabe, H Yamamoto, F Sewell, P Hawkins, H Rufli, Rd Handy, Sk Maynard, Mn Jacobs

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Evaluating Soil Carbon As A Proxy For Erosion Risk In The Spatio-Temporal Complex Hydropower Catchment In Upper Pangani, Northern Tanzania, Aloyce I.M. Amasi, Maarten Wynants, Remigius A. Kawala, Shovi F. Sawe, William H. Blake, Kelvin M. Mtei Oct 2021

Evaluating Soil Carbon As A Proxy For Erosion Risk In The Spatio-Temporal Complex Hydropower Catchment In Upper Pangani, Northern Tanzania, Aloyce I.M. Amasi, Maarten Wynants, Remigius A. Kawala, Shovi F. Sawe, William H. Blake, Kelvin M. Mtei

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Land use conversion is generally accompanied by large changes in soil organic carbon (SOC). SOC influences soil erodibility through its broad control on aggregate stability, soil structure and infiltration capacity. However, soil erodibility is also influenced by soil properties, clay mineralogy and other human activities. This study aimed to evaluate soil organic carbon as proxy of soil erosion risk in the Nyumba ya Mungu (NYM) catchment in Northern Tanzania. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured by an AgroCares scanner from which the soil organic matter (SOM) was derived using the conversional van Bemmelen factor of 1.72. A regression analysis performed …


Ocean Warming Threatens Southern Right Whale Population Recovery, Macarena Agrelo, Fábio G. Daura-Jorge, Victoria J. Rowntree, Mariano Sironi, Philip S. Hammond, Simon N. Ingram, Carina F. Marón, Florencia O. Vilches, Jon Seger, Roger Payne, Paulo C. Simões-Lopes Oct 2021

Ocean Warming Threatens Southern Right Whale Population Recovery, Macarena Agrelo, Fábio G. Daura-Jorge, Victoria J. Rowntree, Mariano Sironi, Philip S. Hammond, Simon N. Ingram, Carina F. Marón, Florencia O. Vilches, Jon Seger, Roger Payne, Paulo C. Simões-Lopes

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Whales contribute to marine ecosystem functioning, and they may play a role in mitigating climate change andsupporting the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) population, a keystone prey species that sustains the entireSouthern Ocean (SO) ecosystem. By analyzing a five-decade (1971–2017) data series of individual southern rightwhales (SRWs; Eubalaena australis) photo-identified at Península Valdés, Argentina, we found a marked increasein whale mortality rates following El Niño events. By modeling how the population responds to changes in thefrequency and intensity of El Niño events, we found that such events are likely to impede SRW population recoveryand could even cause population decline. Such outcomes …


Plasmid Fitness Costs Are Caused By Specific Genetic Conflicts Enabling Resolution By Compensatory Mutation, Jpj Hall, Rct Wright, E Harrison, Kj Muddiman, Aj Wood, S Paterson, Ma Brockhurst Oct 2021

Plasmid Fitness Costs Are Caused By Specific Genetic Conflicts Enabling Resolution By Compensatory Mutation, Jpj Hall, Rct Wright, E Harrison, Kj Muddiman, Aj Wood, S Paterson, Ma Brockhurst

School of Biomedical Sciences

Plasmids play an important role in bacterial genome evolution by transferring genes between lineages. Fitness costs associated with plasmid carriage are expected to be a barrier to gene exchange, but the causes of plasmid fitness costs are poorly understood. Single compensatory mutations are often sufficient to completely ameliorate plasmid fitness costs, suggesting that such costs are caused by specific genetic conflicts rather than generic properties of plasmids, such as their size, metabolic burden, or gene expression level. By combining the results of experimental evolution with genetics and transcriptomics, we show here that fitness costs of 2 divergent large plasmids in …


The Impact Of Light Spectrum And Intensity On The Growth, Physiology, And Antioxidant Activity Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.), Shiren J. Mohamed, Hail Z. Rihan, Naofel Aljafer, Michael P. Fuller Oct 2021

The Impact Of Light Spectrum And Intensity On The Growth, Physiology, And Antioxidant Activity Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.), Shiren J. Mohamed, Hail Z. Rihan, Naofel Aljafer, Michael P. Fuller

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

This study focused on the physiology, growth and antioxidant activity response of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under sole-source LED lighting of differing spectra. Lighting spectra were provided by differing combinations of LEDs of three different peak wavelengths, (Blue 435, Blue 450, and Red 663 nm) with ratios of B450/R663: 1.25 ± 0.1, B450/R663: 1.25 ± 0.1, and B450/R663 1:1 at two light intensities of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (270 μmol m−2 s−1 and 60 μmol m−2 s−1). A further experiment was conducted, in which Blue and Red LEDs were supplemented with Green (Blue 450, Red 663, and Green …


Designing A Nurse-Led Assessment And Care Planning Intervention To Support Frail Older People In Primary Care: An E-Delphi Study, Helen Lyndon, Jos M. Latour, Jonathan Marsden, Bridie Kent Oct 2021

Designing A Nurse-Led Assessment And Care Planning Intervention To Support Frail Older People In Primary Care: An E-Delphi Study, Helen Lyndon, Jos M. Latour, Jonathan Marsden, Bridie Kent

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.


Glaciermap: A Virtual Opportunity To Explore The Andes’ Vanishing Glaciers, Caroline Clason, Sally Rangecroft, Gina Kallis, Shaun Lewin, Tom Mullier Oct 2021

Glaciermap: A Virtual Opportunity To Explore The Andes’ Vanishing Glaciers, Caroline Clason, Sally Rangecroft, Gina Kallis, Shaun Lewin, Tom Mullier

School of Nursing and Midwifery

For many of us, when we think about glaciers, we might imagine cold, icy polar environments such as the Arctic or Antarctica and their associated characteristic fauna. However, the existence of glaciers is not limited to high latitudes, with numerous glaciers also found close to, or even within, the Tropics, where elevation is high enough for snow and ice to persist year-round. Indeed, high mountain regions at lower latitudes, such as the South American Andes and the Asian Himalayas, are home to many hundreds of glaciers and these glaciers provide important water resources for local populations. These mountain glaciers act …


Equilibrium Calculations Of Iron Speciation And Apparent Iron Solubility In The Celtic Sea At Ambient Seawater Ph Using The Nica-Donnan Model, Kechen Zhu, Antony J. Birchill, Angela Milne, Simon Ussher, Matthew P. Humphreys, Nealy Carr, Claire Mahaffey, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, Martha Gledhill Oct 2021

Equilibrium Calculations Of Iron Speciation And Apparent Iron Solubility In The Celtic Sea At Ambient Seawater Ph Using The Nica-Donnan Model, Kechen Zhu, Antony J. Birchill, Angela Milne, Simon Ussher, Matthew P. Humphreys, Nealy Carr, Claire Mahaffey, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, Martha Gledhill

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.


Building Climate Change Adaptation And Resilience Through Soil Organic Carbon Restoration In Sub‐Saharan Rural Communities: Challenges And Opportunities, Alex Taylor, Maarten Wynants, Linus Munishi, Claire Kelly, Kelvin Mtei, Francis Mkilema, Patrick Ndakidemi, Mona Nasseri, Alice Kalnins, Aloyce Patrick, David Gilvear, William Blake Oct 2021

Building Climate Change Adaptation And Resilience Through Soil Organic Carbon Restoration In Sub‐Saharan Rural Communities: Challenges And Opportunities, Alex Taylor, Maarten Wynants, Linus Munishi, Claire Kelly, Kelvin Mtei, Francis Mkilema, Patrick Ndakidemi, Mona Nasseri, Alice Kalnins, Aloyce Patrick, David Gilvear, William Blake

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is widely recognised as pivotal in soil function, exerting im-portant controls on soil structure, moisture retention, nutrient cycling and biodiversity, which in turn underpins a range of provisioning, supporting and regulatory ecosystem services. SOC stocks in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) are threatened by changes in land practice and climatic factors, which destabilises the soil system and resilience to continued climate change. Here, we provide a review of the role of SOC in overall soil health and the challenges and opportunities associated with main-taining and building SOC stocks in SSA. As an exemplar national case, we focus on …