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Simplification, Not “Tropicalization”, Of Temperate Marine Ecosystems Under Ocean Warming And Acidification, Sylvain Agostini, Ben P. Harvey, Marco Milazzo, Shigeki Wada, Koetsu Kon, Nicolas Floc’H, Kosei Komatsu, Mayumi Kuroyama, Jason Hall‐Spencer Oct 2021

Simplification, Not “Tropicalization”, Of Temperate Marine Ecosystems Under Ocean Warming And Acidification, Sylvain Agostini, Ben P. Harvey, Marco Milazzo, Shigeki Wada, Koetsu Kon, Nicolas Floc’H, Kosei Komatsu, Mayumi Kuroyama, Jason Hall‐Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Ocean warming is altering the biogeographical distribution of marine organisms. In the tropics, rising sea surface temperatures are restructuring coral reef communities with sensitive species being lost. At the biogeographical divide between temperate and tropical communities, warming is causing macroalgal forest loss and the spread of tropical corals, fishes and other species, termed “tropicalization”. A lack of field research into the combined effects of warming and ocean acidification means there is a gap in our ability to understand and plan for changes in coastal ecosystems. Here, we focus on the tropicalization trajectory of temperate marine ecosystems becoming coral-dominated systems. We …


Major Loss Of Coralline Algal Diversity In Response To Ocean Acidification, Viviana Peña, Ben P. Harvey, Sylvain Agostini, Lucia Porzio, Marco Milazzo, Paulo Horta, Line Le Gall, Jason Hall‐Spencer Oct 2021

Major Loss Of Coralline Algal Diversity In Response To Ocean Acidification, Viviana Peña, Ben P. Harvey, Sylvain Agostini, Lucia Porzio, Marco Milazzo, Paulo Horta, Line Le Gall, Jason Hall‐Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats in the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these algae in simulated ocean acidification conditions have revealed wide variability in growth, photosynthesis and calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance and contribution to ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools to assess the impact of natural gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry on the biodiversity of coralline algae in the Mediterranean and the NW Pacific, link this to their evolutionary history and evaluate their …


Evaluation And Validation Of Hf Radar Swell And Wind Wave Inversion Method, Zaid R. Al-Attabi, George Voulgaris, Daniel C. Conley Oct 2021

Evaluation And Validation Of Hf Radar Swell And Wind Wave Inversion Method, Zaid R. Al-Attabi, George Voulgaris, Daniel C. Conley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AbstractAn examination of the applicability and accuracy of the empirical wave inversion method in the presence of swell waves is presented. The ability of the method to invert Doppler spectra to wave directional spectra and bulk wave parameters is investigated using one-month data from a 12 MHz WERA High Frequency (HF) radar system and in-situ data from a wave buoy. Three different swell inversion models are evaluated: LPM (Lipa et al. 1981), WFG (Wang et al. 2016) and EMP, an empirical approach introduced in this study. The swell inversions were carried out using two different scenarios: (1) a single beam …


Using Artificial Neural Networks For The Estimation Of Subsurface Tidal Currents From High-Frequency Radar Surface Current Measurements, Max C. Bradbury, Daniel C. Conley Sep 2021

Using Artificial Neural Networks For The Estimation Of Subsurface Tidal Currents From High-Frequency Radar Surface Current Measurements, Max C. Bradbury, Daniel C. Conley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

An extensive record of current velocities at all levels in the water column is an indispensable requirement for a tidal resource assessment and is fully necessary for accurate determination of available energy throughout the water column as well as estimating likely energy capture for any particular device. Traditional tidal prediction using the least squares method requires a large number of harmonic parameters calculated from lengthy acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements, while long-term in situ ADCPs have the advantage of measuring the real current but are logistically expensive. This study aims to show how these issues can be overcome with …


Identifying Prenatal And Postnatal Determinants Of Infant Growth: A Structural Equation Modelling Based Cohort Analysis, Kelly Morgan, Shang Ming Zhou, Rebecca Hill, Ronan A. Lyons, Shantini Paranjothy, Sinead T. Brophy Sep 2021

Identifying Prenatal And Postnatal Determinants Of Infant Growth: A Structural Equation Modelling Based Cohort Analysis, Kelly Morgan, Shang Ming Zhou, Rebecca Hill, Ronan A. Lyons, Shantini Paranjothy, Sinead T. Brophy

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: The growth and maturation of infants reflect their overall health and nutritional status. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations of prenatal and early postnatal factors with infant growth (IG). Methods: A data-driven model was constructed by structural equation modelling to examine the relationships between pre- and early postnatal environmental factors and IG at age 12 months. The IG was a latent variable created from infant weight and waist circumference. Data were obtained on 274 mother–child pairs during pregnancy and the postnatal periods. Results: Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI emerged as an important predictor of IG with both …


Enhancing Uptake Of Nature-Based Solutions For Informing Coastal Sustainable Development Policy And Planning: A Malaysia Case Study, Su Yin Chee, Louise B. Firth, Amy Yee Hui Then, Jean Chai Yee, Aazani Mujahid, Yang Amri Affendi, A. Aldrie Amir, Chai Ming Lau, Jillian Lean Sim Ooi, Yew Aun Quek, Choo Eng Tan, Tzuen Kiat Yap, Chin Aik Yeap, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop Sep 2021

Enhancing Uptake Of Nature-Based Solutions For Informing Coastal Sustainable Development Policy And Planning: A Malaysia Case Study, Su Yin Chee, Louise B. Firth, Amy Yee Hui Then, Jean Chai Yee, Aazani Mujahid, Yang Amri Affendi, A. Aldrie Amir, Chai Ming Lau, Jillian Lean Sim Ooi, Yew Aun Quek, Choo Eng Tan, Tzuen Kiat Yap, Chin Aik Yeap, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have been advocated to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. The uptake of NbS differs regionally with some countries exhibiting greater uptake than others. The success of NbS also differs regionally with varying environmental conditions and social-ecological processes. In many regions, the body of knowledge, particularly around the efficacy of such efforts, remains fragmented. Having an “inventory” or “tool box” of regionally-trialed methods, outcomes and lessons learnt can improve the evidence base, inform adaptive management, and ultimately support the uptake of NbS. Using Malaysia as a case …


Comparison Of The Sensitivity Of Patient-Reported Outcomes For Detecting The Benefit Of Biologics In Severe Asthma, Michael E. Hyland, Joseph W. Lanario, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Adel H. Mansur, James W. Dodd, Stephen J. Fowler, Gemma Hayes, Rupert C. Jones, Matthew Masoli Sep 2021

Comparison Of The Sensitivity Of Patient-Reported Outcomes For Detecting The Benefit Of Biologics In Severe Asthma, Michael E. Hyland, Joseph W. Lanario, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Adel H. Mansur, James W. Dodd, Stephen J. Fowler, Gemma Hayes, Rupert C. Jones, Matthew Masoli

School of Psychology

Background The sensitivity of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to detect the effects of treatment change depends on the match between the change in items of the PRO and the change that takes place in a sample of people. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity of different PROs in detecting changes following the initiation of biologic treatment in asthma. Methods: Patients starting a biologic treatment as part of clinical care completed the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6), the Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ and SAQ-global scores) and the EQ5D (EQ-5D-5L and EQ5D-VAS) at baseline. They completed the ACQ-6, SAQ, SAQ-global …


Self-Management Intervention To Reduce Pulmonary Exacerbations By Supporting Treatment Adherence In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Mj Wildman, A O’Cathain, C Maguire, Ma Arden, M Hutchings, J Bradley, Sj Walters, P Whelan, J Ainsworth, I Buchan, L Mandefield, L Sutton, P Tappenden, Ra Elliott, Zh Hoo, Sj Drabble, D Beever Sep 2021

Self-Management Intervention To Reduce Pulmonary Exacerbations By Supporting Treatment Adherence In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Mj Wildman, A O’Cathain, C Maguire, Ma Arden, M Hutchings, J Bradley, Sj Walters, P Whelan, J Ainsworth, I Buchan, L Mandefield, L Sutton, P Tappenden, Ra Elliott, Zh Hoo, Sj Drabble, D Beever

More Faculty of Health Research

IntroductionRecurrent pulmonary exacerbations lead to progressive lung damage in cystic fibrosis (CF). Inhaled medications (mucoactive agents and antibiotics) help prevent exacerbations, but objectively measured adherence is low. We investigated whether a multi-component (complex) self-management intervention to support adherence would reduce exacerbation rates over 12 months.MethodsBetween October 2017 and May 2018, adults with CF (aged ≥16 years; 19 UK centres) were randomised to the intervention (data-logging nebulisers, a digital platform and behavioural change sessions with trained clinical interventionists) or usual care (data-logging nebulisers). Outcomes included pulmonary exacerbations (primary outcome), objectively measured adherence, body mass index (BMI), lung function (FEV1) and Cystic …


Complex Photobiont Diversity In The Marine Lichen Lichina Pygmaea, Nathan A.M. Chrismas, Ro Allen, Anita L. Hollingsworth, Joe D. Taylor, Michael Cunliffe Sep 2021

Complex Photobiont Diversity In The Marine Lichen Lichina Pygmaea, Nathan A.M. Chrismas, Ro Allen, Anita L. Hollingsworth, Joe D. Taylor, Michael Cunliffe

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AbstractLichens are a well-known symbiosis between a host mycobiont and eukaryote algal or cyanobacterial photobiont partner(s). Recent studies have indicated that terrestrial lichens can also contain other cryptic photobionts that increase the lichens’ ecological fitness in response to varying environmental conditions. Marine lichens live in distinct ecosystems compared with their terrestrial counterparts because of regular submersion in seawater and are much less studied. We performed bacteria 16S and eukaryote 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding surveys to assess total photobiont diversity within the marine lichen Lichina pygmaea (Lightf.) C. Agardh, which is widespread throughout the intertidal zone of Atlantic coastlines. We found …


Anomaly Detection In Encrypted Internet Traffic Using Hybrid Deep Learning, Taimur Bakhshi, Bogdan Ghita Sep 2021

Anomaly Detection In Encrypted Internet Traffic Using Hybrid Deep Learning, Taimur Bakhshi, Bogdan Ghita

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

An increasing number of Internet application services are relying on encrypted traffic to offer adequate consumer privacy. Anomaly detection in encrypted traffic to circumvent and mitigate cyber security threats is, however, an open and ongoing research challenge due to the limitation of existing traffic classification techniques. Deep learning is emerging as a promising paradigm, allowing reduction in manual determination of feature set to increase classification accuracy. The present work develops a deep learning-based model for detection of anomalies in encrypted network traffic. Three different publicly available datasets including the NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CIC-IDS-2017 are used to comprehensively analyze encrypted attacks …


Preterm Births In South-West England Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Audit Of Retrospective Data, Kate Maslin, Roisin Mckeon-Carter, Joanne Hosking, Lauren Stockley, Clara Southby, Jill Shawe, Jos M. Latour Sep 2021

Preterm Births In South-West England Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic: An Audit Of Retrospective Data, Kate Maslin, Roisin Mckeon-Carter, Joanne Hosking, Lauren Stockley, Clara Southby, Jill Shawe, Jos M. Latour

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.


Fine-Scale Spatial And Diel Dynamics Of Zooplanktivorous Fish On Temperate Rocky And Artificial Reefs, Mm Holland, A Becker, Ja Smith, Jd Everett, Im Suthers Sep 2021

Fine-Scale Spatial And Diel Dynamics Of Zooplanktivorous Fish On Temperate Rocky And Artificial Reefs, Mm Holland, A Becker, Ja Smith, Jd Everett, Im Suthers

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Plankton is an important component of the food web in coastal reef ecosystems. Ocean currents subsidise local production by supplying plankton to resident and reef-associated planktivorous fishes. Measuring the fine-scale distribution of these schooling fishes provides insight into their habitat use and how they balance risk and reward while foraging for plankton. Maintaining their proximity to benthic structure can provide refuge from predation but may also limit foraging opportunities. We used a portable multibeam echosounder to survey schooling fish at 5 natural and 3 artificial reefs, during day and night and under different current conditions. We isolated midwater acoustic targets …


Identifying Juvenile And Sub-Adult Movements To Inform Recovery Strategies For A High Value Fishery—European Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax), Thomas Stamp, David Clarke, Shaun Plenty, Tim Robbins, James E. Stewart, Elizabeth West, Emma Sheehan Sep 2021

Identifying Juvenile And Sub-Adult Movements To Inform Recovery Strategies For A High Value Fishery—European Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax), Thomas Stamp, David Clarke, Shaun Plenty, Tim Robbins, James E. Stewart, Elizabeth West, Emma Sheehan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Abstract The European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) support high value commercial and recreational fisheries, however the Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) of the northern Atlantic stock (ICES divisions 4.b–c, 7.a, and 7.d–h) has rapidly declined to an unsustainable level. The decline in SSB has been attributed to high fishing pressure combined with poor recruitment. By tracking juvenile fish their spatial ecology can be identified, and appropriate fisheries management policies designed to boost recruitment can be implemented. Using acoustic telemetry 146 sub-adult European bass (25.2–60 cm fork length) were tracked for up to 370 d across three sites in the southwest of the …


The Extreme 2013/14 Winter Storms: Regional Patterns In Multi-Annual Beach Recovery, Aikaterini Konstantinou, Christopher Stokes, Gerd Masselink, Timothy Scott Sep 2021

The Extreme 2013/14 Winter Storms: Regional Patterns In Multi-Annual Beach Recovery, Aikaterini Konstantinou, Christopher Stokes, Gerd Masselink, Timothy Scott

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


Inorganic Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Western European Aerosol And The Significance Of Dry Deposition Flux Into Stratified Shelf Waters, Caroline White, Simon J. Ussher, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Sov Atkinson, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Mingxi Yang, Thomas G. Bell Sep 2021

Inorganic Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Western European Aerosol And The Significance Of Dry Deposition Flux Into Stratified Shelf Waters, Caroline White, Simon J. Ussher, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Sov Atkinson, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Mingxi Yang, Thomas G. Bell

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.


Internal Wave Dynamics Over Isolated Seamount And Its Influence On Coral Larvae Dispersion, Nataliya Stashchuk, Vasiliy Vlasenko Sep 2021

Internal Wave Dynamics Over Isolated Seamount And Its Influence On Coral Larvae Dispersion, Nataliya Stashchuk, Vasiliy Vlasenko

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The internal wave dynamics over Rosemary Bank Seamount (RBS), North Atlantic, were investigated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. The model was forced by M2-tidal body force. The model results are validated against the in-situ data collected during the 136th cruise of the RRS “James Cook” in June 2016. The observations and the modeling experiments have shown two-wave processes developed independently in the subsurface and bottom layers. Being super-critical topography for the semi-diurnal internal tides, RBS does not reveal any evidence of tidal beams. It was found that below 800-m depth, the tidal flow generates bottom trapped …


Dry And Wet Deposition Of Microplastics In A Semi-Arid Region (Shiraz, Iran), Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner Sep 2021

Dry And Wet Deposition Of Microplastics In A Semi-Arid Region (Shiraz, Iran), Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Microplastics (MP) have been retrieved from settled dusts and rainfall collected monthly over a period of a year and daily over an additional period of ten days in the city of Shiraz and at an elevated remote site (Mount Derak) in Iran. Total monthly deposition ranged from about 1000 to 3500 MP m−2 at Shiraz and about 200 to 600 MP m−2 at Mount Derak, with greater deposition taking place during the dry months (June to November) than in months when precipitation events occurred. Overall, MP deposition was dominated by dry deposition, with precipitation appearing to washout MP and inhibit …


The Role Of Blue Carbon In Climate Change Mitigation And Carbon Stock Conservation, Nathalie Hilmi, Ralph Chami, Michael D. Sutherland, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Lara Lebleu, Maria Belen Benitez, Lisa A. Levin Sep 2021

The Role Of Blue Carbon In Climate Change Mitigation And Carbon Stock Conservation, Nathalie Hilmi, Ralph Chami, Michael D. Sutherland, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Lara Lebleu, Maria Belen Benitez, Lisa A. Levin

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The potential for Blue Carbon ecosystems to combat climate change and provide co-benefits was discussed in the recent and influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. In terms of Blue Carbon, the report mainly focused on coastal wetlands and did not address the socio-economic considerations of using natural ocean systems to reduce the risks of climate disruption. In this paper, we discuss Blue Carbon resources in coastal, open-ocean and deep-sea ecosystems and highlight the benefits of measures such as restoration and creation as well as conservation and protection in helping …


Being The Father Of A Preterm-Born Child: Contemporary Research And Recommendations For Nicu Staff, Franco Baldoni, Gina Ancora, Jos M. Latour Sep 2021

Being The Father Of A Preterm-Born Child: Contemporary Research And Recommendations For Nicu Staff, Franco Baldoni, Gina Ancora, Jos M. Latour

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.


A Novel Multimodal Biometric Authentication System Using Machine Learning And Blockchain, R Brown, G Bendiab, S Shiaeles, B Ghita Sep 2021

A Novel Multimodal Biometric Authentication System Using Machine Learning And Blockchain, R Brown, G Bendiab, S Shiaeles, B Ghita

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.


Marine Artificial Light At Night: An Empirical And Technical Guide, Thomas W. Davies, Svenja Tidau, Andrew J. Grimmer Sep 2021

Marine Artificial Light At Night: An Empirical And Technical Guide, Thomas W. Davies, Svenja Tidau, Andrew J. Grimmer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.


No Evidence For Long-Term Carryover Effects In A Wild Salmonid Fish, Kim Birnie-Gauvin, Martin H. Larsen, Kathryn S. Peiman, Jonathan D. Midwood, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Steven J. Cooke, Kim Aarestrup Sep 2021

No Evidence For Long-Term Carryover Effects In A Wild Salmonid Fish, Kim Birnie-Gauvin, Martin H. Larsen, Kathryn S. Peiman, Jonathan D. Midwood, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Steven J. Cooke, Kim Aarestrup

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Early-life experiences can shape life histories and population dynamics of wild animals. To examine whether stressful stimuli experienced in early life resulted in carryover effects in later life stages, we conducted several experimental manipulations and then monitored wild fish with passive integrated transponder tags during juvenile out-migration and adult return migration. In total, 3,217 juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) were subjected to one of six manipulations: chase to exhaustion, thermal challenge, food deprivation, low-concentration cortisol injection, high-concentration cortisol injection, and sham injection, plus a control group. Cortisol and food deprivation treatments were previously shown to have short-term effects on juveniles, …


Emerging Graphene-Based Sensors For The Detection Of Food Adulterants And Toxicants – A Review, Vs Raghavan, B O'Driscoll, Jm Bloor, B Li, P Katare, J Sethi, Ss Gorthi, D Jenkins Sep 2021

Emerging Graphene-Based Sensors For The Detection Of Food Adulterants And Toxicants – A Review, Vs Raghavan, B O'Driscoll, Jm Bloor, B Li, P Katare, J Sethi, Ss Gorthi, D Jenkins

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.


Polyvinyl Chloride In Consumer And Environmental Plastics, With A Particular Focus On Metal-Based Additives, Andrew Turner, Montserrat Filella Sep 2021

Polyvinyl Chloride In Consumer And Environmental Plastics, With A Particular Focus On Metal-Based Additives, Andrew Turner, Montserrat Filella

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used thermoplastics but is also a material of concern because of the generation and release of harmful chemicals during its life cycle. Amongst the chemicals added to PVC are metal-based stabilisers and Sb-based halogenated flame retardant synergists. However, very little quantitative information exists on these additives, and in particular in PVC lost to the environment. In this study, the distribution of PVC amongst consumer plastics in societal circulation and plastics retrieved from marine and lacustrine beaches and agricultural soils are compared, along with the presence and concentrations of Ba, Cd, Pb, …


The Interaction Of Global Motion And Global Form Processing On The Perception Of Implied Motion: An Equivalent Noise Approach, Mahesh R. Joshi, Anita J. Simmers, Seong T. Jeon Sep 2021

The Interaction Of Global Motion And Global Form Processing On The Perception Of Implied Motion: An Equivalent Noise Approach, Mahesh R. Joshi, Anita J. Simmers, Seong T. Jeon

School of Health Professions

Global motion and global form are proposed to be processed through functionally differentiated independent channels along dorsal (motion) and ventral (form) pathways. However, more recent studies show significant interactions between these pathways by inducing the perception of motion (implied motion) from presenting the independent frames of static Glass patterns. The mechanisms behind such interaction are not adequately understood with studies showing a larger contribution of either a motion or form processing mechanism. In the current study, we adapted the equivalent noise paradigm to disentangle the effect of internal noise (local processing) and sampling efficiency (global processing) on global motion, global …


Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content Of Seed Oil, And Nutritional Analysis Of Seed Cake Of Wood Apple (Limonia Acidissima L.), An Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species, Shrinivas Lamani, Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah, Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Yaser Hassan Dewir, Hail Z. Rihan Sep 2021

Fatty Acid Profile, Tocopherol Content Of Seed Oil, And Nutritional Analysis Of Seed Cake Of Wood Apple (Limonia Acidissima L.), An Underutilized Fruit-Yielding Tree Species, Shrinivas Lamani, Konerira Aiyappa Anu-Appaiah, Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Yaser Hassan Dewir, Hail Z. Rihan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The present study was aimed at analyzing the fatty acid composition, tocopherols, and physico-chemical characterization of wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) seed oil and the nutritional profile of seed cake. The fatty acids in seed oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the total seed oil was 32.02 ± 0.08%, comprising oleic (21.56 ± 0.57%), alpha-linolenic (16.28 ± 0.29%), and linoleic acid (10.02 ± 0.43%), whereas saturated fatty acid content was 33.38 ± 0.60% including palmitic (17.68 ± 0.65%) and stearic acid (14.15 ± 0.27%). A greater amount of unsaturated fatty acids (52.37%) were noticed compared to saturated …


Offshore Longline Mussel Farms: A Review Of Oceanographic And Ecological Interactions To Inform Future Research Needs, Policy And Management, L Mascorda-Cabre, Phil Hosegood, Martin J. Attrill, Danielle Bridger, Emma V. Sheehan Sep 2021

Offshore Longline Mussel Farms: A Review Of Oceanographic And Ecological Interactions To Inform Future Research Needs, Policy And Management, L Mascorda-Cabre, Phil Hosegood, Martin J. Attrill, Danielle Bridger, Emma V. Sheehan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

With a growing human population and the need to protect our oceans from overfishing, there is a requirement for society to source alternative means of sustainable protein. Mussel aquaculture has rapidly expanded in many countries serving as an important supply of protein, but its development has been limited due to competition for coastal space and the associated environmental impacts of farming in inshore waters. Offshore aquaculture developments have the potential to overcome such issues. This review synthesises the current literature on the ecological and oceanographic interactions of longline offshore mussel farms with the aim to elucidate the main knowledge gaps …


Multiple Constraints On Urban Bird Communication: Both Abiotic And Biotic Noise Shape Songs In Cities, Ann W.Y. To, Caroline Dingle, Sarah A. Collins Sep 2021

Multiple Constraints On Urban Bird Communication: Both Abiotic And Biotic Noise Shape Songs In Cities, Ann W.Y. To, Caroline Dingle, Sarah A. Collins

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Abstract Ambient noise can cause birds to adjust their songs to avoid masking. Most studies investigate responses to a single noise source (e.g., low-frequency traffic noise, or high-frequency insect noise). Here, we investigated the effects of both anthropogenic and insect noise on vocalizations of four common bird species in Hong Kong. Common Tailorbirds (Orthotomus sutorius) and Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) both sang at a higher frequency in urban areas compared to peri-urban areas. Red-whiskered Bulbuls (Pycnonotus jocosus) in urban areas shifted the only first note of their song upwards. Swinhoe’s White-eye (Zosterops simplex) vocalization changes were correlated with noise …


Redesigning Walking Brochures Using Behaviour Change Theory: Implications For Walking Intentions In Natural Environments, Lewis R. Elliott, Mathew P. White, Lora E. Fleming, Charles Abraham, Adrian H. Taylor Aug 2021

Redesigning Walking Brochures Using Behaviour Change Theory: Implications For Walking Intentions In Natural Environments, Lewis R. Elliott, Mathew P. White, Lora E. Fleming, Charles Abraham, Adrian H. Taylor

Peninsula Medical School

Summary Natural environments can be used to promote health through facilitating recreational walking. However, efforts to encourage this often neglect messages identified in psychological research that are effective at influencing intentions to walk. This is despite the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence stating that promotional efforts should utilize theoretical frameworks of behaviour change and be targeted towards less active adults. As an illustrative example, this experiment compared a prototypical recreational walking brochure with an “enhanced” version including such persuasive messages on people’s intentions to walk for recreation in natural environments. The enhanced brochure heightened intentions for inexperienced recreational …


Round Robin Testing: Exploring Experimental Uncertainties Through A Multifacility Comparison Of A Hinged Raft Wave Energy Converter, Thomas Davey, Javier Sarmiento, Jérémy Ohana, Florent Thiebaut, Sylvain Haquin, Matthieu Weber, Sebastien Gueydon, Frances Judge, Eoin Lyden, Michael O’Shea, Roman Gabl, Laura Beth Jordan, Martyn Hann, Daming Wang, Keri Collins, Daniel Conley, Deborah Greaves, David M. Ingram, Jimmy Murphy Aug 2021

Round Robin Testing: Exploring Experimental Uncertainties Through A Multifacility Comparison Of A Hinged Raft Wave Energy Converter, Thomas Davey, Javier Sarmiento, Jérémy Ohana, Florent Thiebaut, Sylvain Haquin, Matthieu Weber, Sebastien Gueydon, Frances Judge, Eoin Lyden, Michael O’Shea, Roman Gabl, Laura Beth Jordan, Martyn Hann, Daming Wang, Keri Collins, Daniel Conley, Deborah Greaves, David M. Ingram, Jimmy Murphy

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The EU H2020 MaRINET2 project has a goal to improve the quality, robustness and accuracy of physical modelling and associated testing practices for the offshore renewable energy sector. To support this aim, a round robin scale physical modelling test programme was conducted to deploy a common wave energy converter at four wave basins operated by MaRINET2 partners. Test campaigns were conducted at each facility to a common specification and test matrix, providing the unique opportunity for intercomparison between facilities and working practices. A nonproprietary hinged raft, with a nominal scale of 1:25, was tested under a set of 12 irregular …