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Articles 2101 - 2130 of 10897
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Waterbodies Thermal Energy Based Systems Interactions With Marine Environment — A Review, Amir Bordbar, Konstantinos Georgoulas, Yong Ming Dai, Simone Michele, Frank Roberts, Nigel Carter, Yeaw Chu Lee
Waterbodies Thermal Energy Based Systems Interactions With Marine Environment — A Review, Amir Bordbar, Konstantinos Georgoulas, Yong Ming Dai, Simone Michele, Frank Roberts, Nigel Carter, Yeaw Chu Lee
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Waterbodies’ thermal energy potential, as a green, renewable, and limitless source of energy, can be exploited in response to the growing energy demands of islands and coastal cities. Up to now, the technologies that have been developed for this purpose include seawater air-conditioning, surface water heat pump, and ocean energy thermal conversion systems or their combinations, which are presented here as Waterbodies Thermal Energy Based Systems (WTEBSs). The growth and development of these technologies raise concerns regarding their potential impacts on sustainability of the marine environment. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the available literature and state-of-the-art technologies …
Life Cycle Assessment Research Trends And Implications: A Bibliometric Analysis, Badr Moutik, John Summerscales, Jasper Graham-Jones, Richard Pemberton
Life Cycle Assessment Research Trends And Implications: A Bibliometric Analysis, Badr Moutik, John Summerscales, Jasper Graham-Jones, Richard Pemberton
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Acknowledging the importance of sustainability and implementing measures to achieve the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 represent a holistic approach to promoting peace and prosperity for the planet and its inhabitants. LCA is a valuable tool for organisations to enhance sustainability and reduce environmental impact. There has been a notable increase in LCA research subjects, indicating a recognition of its significance in promoting sustainability. The field has experienced a significant expansion in the past decade, with a 30% annual percent growth rate in LCA publications since 2010. In the most recent 4 years alone, 47% of all …
A Mixed Methods Study Investigating Sources Of Fertility And Reproductive Health Information In The Uk, B. Grace, J. Shawe, J. Stephenson
A Mixed Methods Study Investigating Sources Of Fertility And Reproductive Health Information In The Uk, B. Grace, J. Shawe, J. Stephenson
School of Nursing and Midwifery
No abstract provided.
Dietary Counselling Of Children With Food Allergy, Julia Eisenblaetter
Dietary Counselling Of Children With Food Allergy, Julia Eisenblaetter
School of Health Professions Theses
Background: The management of food allergy is challenging for children and their families. Several international guidelines recommend involving dietitians in the management; however, their tasks remain uncertain, and the effectiveness of dietary counselling has rarely been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary counselling in children with food allergy regarding food allergy related quality of life (QoL), number of allergic reactions, and growth as indicator of nutritional status and diet diversity. Methods: The project was guided by the Complex Intervention Model by the Medical Research Council. To reach the overall aim there needed …
Investigating Letter Identification For Visual Acuity Measurements In The Paracentral Visual Field, Hatem Barhoom
Investigating Letter Identification For Visual Acuity Measurements In The Paracentral Visual Field, Hatem Barhoom
School of Health Professions Theses
Sloan letters are commonly used optotypes in clinical practice, but they exhibit different relative legibility, which may be attributed to response bias, sensitivity differences, and letter similarity. In this thesis, we employed Luce’s choice model and developed a new noisy template model to investigate the role of response bias, sensitivity differences, and letter similarity in letter identification of Sloan letters at central and paracentral locations. Results show that the best model was the one that accounted for the effects of bias, sensitivity, and similarity, with bias contributing more than sensitivity and similarity. However, when estimating the letter acuity from the …
Differential Response And The Reduction Of Child Maltreatment And Foster Care Services Utilization In The U.S. From 2004 To 2017, Michelle Johnson-Motoyama, Donna K. Ginther, Rebecca Phillips, Oliver W.J. Beer, Lisa Merkel-Holguin, John Fluke
Differential Response And The Reduction Of Child Maltreatment And Foster Care Services Utilization In The U.S. From 2004 To 2017, Michelle Johnson-Motoyama, Donna K. Ginther, Rebecca Phillips, Oliver W.J. Beer, Lisa Merkel-Holguin, John Fluke
School of Health Professions
By 2014, the majority of U.S. states had implemented differential response (DR), a system policy that seeks to serve families of low-to moderate-risk for child maltreatment through family engagement, diversion from formal child protective services investigations, and service provision. However, the effects of DR programs on child welfare dynamics have yet to be evaluated nationally using causal methods. Using a quasi-experimental study design with data drawn from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System from 2004 to 2017, we found states with DR programs had approximately 19% fewer substantiated reports, 25% fewer children substantiated for neglect, and a 17% …
Covid-19 And The Physio4fmd Trial: Impact, Mitigating Strategies And Analysis Plans, Louise Marston, Novere M Le, Federico Ricciardi, Irwin Nazareth, Alan Carson, Mark Edwards, Laura H. Goldstein, Jonathan Marsden, Hayley Noble, Markus Reuber, Jon Stone, Rachael M. Hunter, Glenn Nielsen
Covid-19 And The Physio4fmd Trial: Impact, Mitigating Strategies And Analysis Plans, Louise Marston, Novere M Le, Federico Ricciardi, Irwin Nazareth, Alan Carson, Mark Edwards, Laura H. Goldstein, Jonathan Marsden, Hayley Noble, Markus Reuber, Jon Stone, Rachael M. Hunter, Glenn Nielsen
School of Health Professions
Introduction Functional motor disorder (FMD) is a common cause of disabling neurological symptoms such as weakness and tremor. Physio4FMD is a pragmatic, multicentre single blind randomised controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness and cost effectiveness of specialist physiotherapy for FMD. Like many other studies this trial was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The planned statistical and health economics analyses for this trial are described, as well as the sensitivity analyses designed to assess the disruption caused by COVID-19. The trial treatment of at least 89 participants (33%) was disrupted due to the pandemic. To account for this, we have extended …
Standardised Data Collection From People With Dementia Over The Telephone: A Qualitative Study Of The Experience Of Determind Programme Researchers In A Pandemic, Kate Gridley, Josie Dixon, Ben Hicks, Yvonne Birks, Kate Baxter, Eleanor Miles, Louise Robinson, Rotem Perach, Sube Banerjee
Standardised Data Collection From People With Dementia Over The Telephone: A Qualitative Study Of The Experience Of Determind Programme Researchers In A Pandemic, Kate Gridley, Josie Dixon, Ben Hicks, Yvonne Birks, Kate Baxter, Eleanor Miles, Louise Robinson, Rotem Perach, Sube Banerjee
More Faculty of Health Research
There is a notable lack of evidence on what constitutes good practice in remote quantitative data collection from research participants with dementia. During the COVID-19 pandemic face-to-face research became problematic, especially where participants were older and more at risk of infection. The DETERMIND-C19 study, a large cohort study of people with dementia, switched to telephone data collection over this period. This paper explores the experiences of researchers who collected quantitative data over the telephone from people with dementia during the first COVID-19 lockdowns in England. The aim was to learn from these experiences, share insights and inform future research practice …
Case Study: Exploring Pre-Schoolers’ Attitudes And Behaviour Towards The Environment, K Paal
Case Study: Exploring Pre-Schoolers’ Attitudes And Behaviour Towards The Environment, K Paal
Plymouth Institute of Education
No abstract provided.
Case Study: Exploring Pre-Schoolers’ Attitudes And Behaviour Towards The Environment, K Paal
Case Study: Exploring Pre-Schoolers’ Attitudes And Behaviour Towards The Environment, K Paal
Plymouth Institute of Education
No abstract provided.
An International Review – Carrying The Torch Of Anthony D. Smith’S Goal To Map The Field Of Nationalism Studies, Et Woods, R Schertzer
An International Review – Carrying The Torch Of Anthony D. Smith’S Goal To Map The Field Of Nationalism Studies, Et Woods, R Schertzer
School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences
We are delighted to provide readers of Studies of National Movements (SNM) a brief update on the recent work and future directions of the State of Nationalism (SoN).
Evincing Offence: How Digital Forensics Turns Big Data Into Evidence For Policing Sexual Abuse, Brian Rappert, Dana Wilson-Kovacs, Hannah Wheat, Sabina Leonelli
Evincing Offence: How Digital Forensics Turns Big Data Into Evidence For Policing Sexual Abuse, Brian Rappert, Dana Wilson-Kovacs, Hannah Wheat, Sabina Leonelli
Peninsula Medical School
The widespread availability and use of digital devices both enables criminal acts and helps to detect them. The production and circulation of indecent images of children has been one area of crime that has transformed in recent years because of developments in modern communication technologies. Through indepth ethnographic observations and qualitative interviews with four police forces in England, this article examines the resources and labor required to turn digital footprints into evidence for the possession of indecent images. In doing so, our aim is twofold. One, we detail the formal and informal processes whereby large sets of data become discrete …
Management Of Transgender Patients In Critical Care, L Flower, A Cheung, S Connal, Et Al
Management Of Transgender Patients In Critical Care, L Flower, A Cheung, S Connal, Et Al
Peninsula Medical School
As clinicians working in critical care, it is our duty to provide all of our patients with the high-quality care they deserve, regardless of their gender identity. The transgender community continues to suffer discrimination from the media, politicians and general public. As healthcare workers we often pride ourselves on our ability to safely care for all patients. However, there remains a distinct lack of understanding surrounding the care of critically ill transgender patients. This is likely in part because the specific care of transgender patients is not included in the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine’s, Royal College of Anaesthetists’, Royal …
Identification Of North Sea Areas Suitable For Cultivating Saccharina Latissima As An Alternative Source Of Protein, Ella Sykes
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Demands for food resources are increasing with the growing human population and the impacts of climate change on agricultural land. Protein is an essential macronutrient for human well-being and supplies are likely to face a global security crisis in the foreseeable future. However, research has shown that the brown seaweed species Saccharina latissima (S. latissima) could be an alternative plant-based source of protein for human consumption that can be sustainably farmed under North Sea conditions. Yet seaweed farming currently remains an underexploited resource in the United Kingdom (UK). This study aims to identify areas suitable for S. latissima cultivation in …
The Socio-Economic And Ecological Impact Of Regime Shifts On Small-Scale Fisheries In Northern Peru, Ana Paula Vidal
The Socio-Economic And Ecological Impact Of Regime Shifts On Small-Scale Fisheries In Northern Peru, Ana Paula Vidal
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Species composition is known to naturally change over time; however, these fluctuations happen frequently in shoreline ecosystems where warm and cold currents meet. This study aims to understand the social and economic impacts of changes in species composition and total catch in north-western Peru. A social perception analysis coupled with available small-scale fisheries landing data of three sites: Cabo Blanco, Los Organos, and Mancora was used to identify differences in species composition and total catch between sites from years 2010 to 2020. The results suggest that fishermen have a different perception of abundance across all sites as their responses do …
Hypersonic Non-Equilibrium Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Analysis And Effect Of Underbelly Shape On A Conceptual Lifting Body Spaceplane, Oliver George Barretto
Hypersonic Non-Equilibrium Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Analysis And Effect Of Underbelly Shape On A Conceptual Lifting Body Spaceplane, Oliver George Barretto
The Plymouth Student Scientist
A methodology is developed to analyse the effect of underbelly shape on the force coefficients and adiabatic wall temperature acting on a lifting body spaceplane at 30° angle of attack and three Mach numbers (����=4, 10, 16) in air in the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver, Ansys Fluent. A general overview of hypersonic theory and phenomena is also presented. The effect of hypersonic flow on gas dynamics is considered using a two-temperature non-equilibrium energy model and species transport simulation of reacting gases in Ansys Fluent. No third-party research of note is found validating the two-temperature Ansys Fluent non-equilibrium energy …
An Investigation Into The Absence Of The Great White Shark (Carcharodon Carcharias) From British Waters, Max Harry Kimble
An Investigation Into The Absence Of The Great White Shark (Carcharodon Carcharias) From British Waters, Max Harry Kimble
The Plymouth Student Scientist
In the last ten years, there have been over 100 reports of great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in British waters, yet there has never been a confirmed sighting. British waters are home to the largest grey seal population in Europe and is less than 200 miles away from a known great white population. This coupled with the shark’s global distribution and preference for more temperate waters has left many wondering why there has not been a confirmed sighting of this species. To examine the suitability of British waters, four white shark’s migrations were mapped spanning nine years. Species distribution modelling …
Assessing Future Projections Of Intense Typhoon Return Period And Intensity Over Taiwan, Luke Glass
Assessing Future Projections Of Intense Typhoon Return Period And Intensity Over Taiwan, Luke Glass
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Typhoons are a leading natural cause of mass socioeconomic losses through floods, storm surges and high winds, and this is projected to worsen in a warmer climate. While the majority of literature is in agreement, there is little research into typhoon behaviour projections past the year 2100. TCWiSE – a statistical modelling tool, is used to simulate and spatially assess changes in intense (category 4+) typhoon return period and average intensity over the island of Taiwan in four different climate scenarios all with increasing intensity and frequency values. In comparison to the present-day scenario, the future scenarios recorded a +12.0%, …
Assertive Behaviour: Not A One-Size-Fits-All Solution To Poor Psychological Well-Being, Oliwia A. Hryniewska
Assertive Behaviour: Not A One-Size-Fits-All Solution To Poor Psychological Well-Being, Oliwia A. Hryniewska
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Extraversion as both a personality trait and state has robust links with well-being; extraverted state, or behaviour, is sufficient to increase positive affect (PA) regardless of disposition. However, examining extraversion more closely at the aspect and facet level has, to date, yielded mixed results for this relationship. This study sought to clarify extraversion’s impact on psychological well-being (PWB) and positive affect by investigating state and trait assertiveness as one aspect of extraversion (next to enthusiasm; DeYoung et al., 2007). It was hypothesized that this aspect specifically contributes to several PWB outcomes at the trait level, but not at the state …
Diurnal And Tidal Influence On The Spatial Distribution And Surface Activity Of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) In The Shannon Estuary, Ireland, Rosie Wilson
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The interactions between oceanographic processes and topography have an important role in driving the formation of localised biodiversity hotspots. These hotspots create predictable prey resources utilised by many large coastal marine vertebrates, such as the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. The abundance, behaviour and distribution of bottlenose dolphins is therefore largely driven by predator-prey interactions which are strongly influenced by physical ocean processes such as tides and the formation of hydrographic fronts. Understanding these interactions as well as the ecology of bottlenose dolphins is therefore vital for the effective conservation management of this species. Through the fine scale examination of the …
An Investigation Into Whether Psychopathic Traits Negatively Contribute To Moral Judgements, Madeleine Esser
An Investigation Into Whether Psychopathic Traits Negatively Contribute To Moral Judgements, Madeleine Esser
The Plymouth Student Scientist
High psychopathy and low morality have been associated as potential causes of anti-social and criminal behaviour. Literature suggests that high levels of psychopathic traits have a negative effect on an individual’s ability to make rational moral judgements. Much of this research focuses on offenders, creating a gap within research encompassing the typical population and whether the same affect is observed. It was hypothesised that high levels of psychopathic traits negatively affect moral judgement, however no predictions were made regarding specific traits. A sample of 50 students, ages ranging from 18 to 44 (M= 22.18), were asked to complete two self-report …
Weather Patterns Associated With Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Hypothermic Stunning In Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, Megan Morley
Weather Patterns Associated With Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Hypothermic Stunning In Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, Megan Morley
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Hypothermic stunning was the largest cause of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) stranding in Texas between 1998 and 2019; of the 9,256 individuals stranded, 7,956 (85.96%) were due to cold stunning. In cold conditions, Chelonia mydas migrate from shallow feeding areas to warmer waters. Unexpected drops in temperature, however, can cause a hypothermic reaction (cold stunning) immobilising large populations and becoming fatal if individuals are not rescued and rehabilitated quickly. This study aims to evaluate the influence of changes in environmental parameters to the magnitude of hypothermic stunning events within Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, U.S. Measurements of sea surface temperature, air …
Biochar Amendment Of A Sandy Loam Improves Wheat Growth Under Drought And Control Conditions, Toby Anderson Von Trampe
Biochar Amendment Of A Sandy Loam Improves Wheat Growth Under Drought And Control Conditions, Toby Anderson Von Trampe
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Drought stress is a major limiting factor in cereal crop growth. To meet the feeding requirements of an increasing population, cereal crop yields need to be significantly increased in a sustainable manner. Biochar is a charcoal-like substance derived from organic material. Here, the effects of biochar on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and stress responses under drought stress conditions were determined. Biochar was applied at 5% (w/w) and stressed plants weren’t watered during the four weeks of drought treatment to establish the rate of water loss in the different soil treatments. drought significantly decreased plant height, stem thickness, number of …
Numerical Models To Track The Origin And Drift Of Pharmaceutical Flotsam In The English Channel, Alizee De Groodt
Numerical Models To Track The Origin And Drift Of Pharmaceutical Flotsam In The English Channel, Alizee De Groodt
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Marine plastic pollution is an increasing problem that has serious impacts on the environment. The sources, pathways and fate of plastics in the ocean are still poorly understood, especially for marine pollution coming from marine-based sources. In November 2018, a high number of pharmaceutical bottles named ‘Otrivin’ started to beach in high numbers along the English Channel. Research was initiated to investigate the likely origin of the bottles. In this study, we continue this research using the observational data from 2018-2019 and two numerical ocean models to hindcast the likely origin of the bottles, but also assess whether the effect …
The Relationship Between Diet, Supplement Use, And The Prevalence And Severity Of Nausea And Vomiting During The 1st And 2nd Trimesters Of Pregnancy, Bailey Lentern
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) are common conditions experienced by women throughout the world. However, despite their widespread occurrence, the prevalence and severity of symptoms range significantly, with the exact aetiology underpinning this variation relatively unclear. Several studies propose that NVP may serve as an adaptive function, protecting the embryo from harmful foodstuffs, implying that diet is implicated within the pathogenesis of the condition. However, there is limited literature focusing on this topic, specifically with regards to supplement use. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between diet, both pre-pregnancy and current diet, including …
Knowledge Mobilization For Agri-Food Supply Chain Decisions, Guoqing Zhao, Shaofeng Liu, Sebastian Elgueta, Juan Pablo Manzur, Carmen Lopez, Huilan Chen
Knowledge Mobilization For Agri-Food Supply Chain Decisions, Guoqing Zhao, Shaofeng Liu, Sebastian Elgueta, Juan Pablo Manzur, Carmen Lopez, Huilan Chen
Plymouth Business School
The current world business environment is characterized by increasing uncertainties, complexities, and risks, which require agri-food supply chain (AFSC) managers to respond and act quickly in a context full of instability and unpredictability. Increasing pressure placed on AFSC managers intensifies the need to combine knowledge management (KM) and decision support that rapidly overcome knowledge boundaries. It has been recognized that the research issue related to the knowledge mobilization crossing boundaries in the AFSC needs to be addressed. This paper investigates knowledge boundaries and boundary-spanning mechanisms by collecting data from experienced AFSC practitioners. Empirical results verify that knowledge boundaries such as …
The Effect Of Pre-Event Instructions On Eyewitness Identification, Jessica Allen
The Effect Of Pre-Event Instructions On Eyewitness Identification, Jessica Allen
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Eyewitness identification research has informed policies and procedures, but experiments on eyewitness identification often use unrealistic testing methods. Part of these unrealistic methods are pre-event instructions given before the participant is exposed to the crime. Instructions can direct attention, thus lead to better accuracy. If previous research had used pre-event instructions, results may have overestimated people’s ability to identify culprits correctly and called into question the validity of previous conclusions. This would not be an issue if usage of pre-event instructions were reported in the literature, as comparisons could be made between studies that did use them or between studies …
Analysing Association Rates Of Reef Manta Rays (Mobula Alfredi) Situated In Chagos Archipelago, Lena Pollett
Analysing Association Rates Of Reef Manta Rays (Mobula Alfredi) Situated In Chagos Archipelago, Lena Pollett
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) are in rapid decline and threatened by multiple anthropogenic pressures. Conservation of this vulnerable marine species requires an understanding of the drivers of their movement patterns and group structuring. Aggregations have been presumed to be a function of resource availability. However, recent studies have suggested that association rates within these areas of aggregation may underpin social behaviour, furthering our understanding of these species' movement and social networking. Here we used acoustic telemetry technology to assess the extent that a group of 26 M. alfredi associates within Egmont Atoll, situated within the Chagos Archipelagos, over a …
Computational Fluid Dynamics Optimisation Of Grid Fin Aerodynamic Design For Reusable Launch Vehicles, Jack Orders
Computational Fluid Dynamics Optimisation Of Grid Fin Aerodynamic Design For Reusable Launch Vehicles, Jack Orders
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Grid fins are an unconventional flight control surface utilised by SpaceX for its Falcon 9 reusable launch vehicle upon re-entry. Previous literature surrounding grid fins has used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate sensitivity factors of the design to vary drag or maximise hinge moment but often suffer from limitations (e.g., insufficient modelling of the boundary layer, or no evidence of sensitivity studies/validation).Due to the lack of literature a systematic CFD-based method is employed in which grid fin geometry is simplified to a 2D flat plate and validated against Tekure (2021) and the simulation verified using oblique shock wave theory …
Biological Recruitment On Static And Boat Hull Panels Coated With Non-Toxic Fibre Flock, Julia Hinrichs
Biological Recruitment On Static And Boat Hull Panels Coated With Non-Toxic Fibre Flock, Julia Hinrichs
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Marine biofouling, the settlement of aquatic organisms on submerged surfaces, creates an estimated cost of 20 billion USD annually for the shipping industry in increased fuel consumption due to overgrowth. However, the existing antifouling solutions are being restricted by international organisations due to their adverse effects on the marine environment. In recent years, the research focus has shifted to non-toxic methods highlighting the importance of settlement cues of invertebrates. Biofoulers, such as invertebrate larvae and algal spores have been shown to respond to physical cues such as surface structure. The aim of this study was to test the environmentally friendly …