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Development Of Axillary Buds Of The Tillers Of Zea, John E. Sass

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

An inbred line of popcorn and a line that contained teosinte germ plasm were compared with respect to the inflorescences of the numerous tillers produced by plants of these lines. In both lines, all terminal and axillary apices of the tillers initiated inflorescences. No axillary tassels were found on the tillers of either line. On a popcorn tiller, a terminal inflorescence was either a tassel, a tassel that bore a few scattered kernels, an ear, or an ear that had basal tassel branches. Every tiller of the "teosinte-contaminated" corn had a terminal tassel.

Chromosome Study Of Arisaema Of Taiwan, Tseng-Chieng Huang

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The chromosome number of most Arisaema plants was reported as 2n=28. Since species of Arisaema vary greatly in morphological features, comparative studies of anatomical, cytological, and other characteristics among the populations are required for more realistic taxonomic revision of this group. Two Taiwan species of Arisaema, A. formosana Hay. and A. consanguineum Schott, have been studied by the writer. Their chromosome numbers, obtained in mitosis, were 28 and 14 respectively.

B-Chromosomes And Pollen Size In Maize, Peter A. Peterson, Alan Munson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Pollen grain size was used to measure the effect of the presence of a low number of B-chromosomes. The pollen grains of forty-two plants distributed among two classes -those with one to five B-chromosomes and those without B-chromosomes were measured. No significant differences could be detected between the mean pollen grain size of B and non-B-chromosome classes. There is an indication of an effect on the variance in pollen grain size of the B-chromosome class.

A Preliminary Survey Of The Iowa Species Of Hypocreaceae And Clavicipitaceae, Lois H. Tiffany, Joseph C. Gilman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Recent unusual Iowa collections of members of the Hypocreaceae and Clavicipitaceae are reported. Scoleconectria polythalama (Berk.) Seaver on Syringa and Fraxinus, Nectria coccinea Fr. on Juglans nigra L., Nectria verrucosa (Schw.) Sacc. on Marus alba L., Calonectria diminuta (Berk.) Berl. & Vogl., Hypocrea citrina (Pers.) Fr., Hypocrea patella Cke. and Pk. are reported for the first time. Thyronectrioidea chrysogramma (Ell. and Ev.) Seaver on Ulmus americana L. is the first report of this species on this host from Iowa. In addition observations on the life cycles of Scoleconectria scolecospora (Bref.) Seaver and Cordyceps clavulata Schw. are made.

Gas Chromatography For The Undergraduate Student, Alexander Macdonald Jr., Ronald T. Pflaum

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Gas chromatography has attained a position of prominence as a separation technique and as a tool for qualitative identification and quantitative determination. As such, it should rightly be discussed and applied in the undergraduate curriculum. A gas chromatograph suitable for teaching purposes has been designed and constructed in this laboratory. Experimentation applicable to the undergraduate laboratory is presented.

A Study Of The Electrophoretic Mobilities Of Multiple Myeloma Proteins, Emilio Arredondo, W. D. Paul, J. I. Routh

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Over a period of several years our laboratory has been carrying out electrophoretic analysis of plasma, serum and body fluids from individuals with various diseases. One disease in which we have been interested is that of multiple myeloma.

Identification Of Basic Concepts Of Chemistry Appropriate For Grade Seven, Patricia Schwirian

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

One of the greatest results of the increased popular interests in science has been the development of advanced high school science courses. These courses have necessitated the reexamination of junior high school science curricula. In line with this reconsideration the University High School of the State University of Iowa has developed a special junior high school science sequence to aid in this preparation. The seventh grade science course is entitled Matter and serves as the foundation where basic concepts are learned. Those chemical concepts most effectively learned by this age group are: (1) the nature of matter (2) atomic theory …

The County Conservation Program In Iowa, J. Harold Ennis

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This is a brief review of the county conservation program, a new trend in Iowa conservation. The early legal history is traced, and major provisions of the Iowa law are identified. An itemized list indicates the chief uses of newly acquired land by the 62 county boards. Illustrations are given to suggest the relatively unexplored educational and scientific possibilities of this new trend. This applies particularly to botany, archeology, and "nature education."

Blood Parasites In Relation To Pheasants And Quail In Iowa, David J. Roslien, Paul L. Fore, Arnold O. Haugen

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Blood parasite investigations of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were conducted in Iowa during 1957-59 and 1959-61. Wild pheasants from Winnebago, Union, Ringgold, and Adair counties, and wild quail from Ringgold and Wapello counties were checked for blood parasites. Pen-reared pheasants and quail checked for blood parasites were supplied by the State Wildlife Research and Exhibit Station at Boone and by private game clubs. Examination of blood smears from 364 pheasants and 673 bobwhite indicated no positive cases of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, or Plasmodium. Experiments aimed at inducing infections of Plasmodium in pheasants and Leucocytozoon in …

Notes On The First Rearing And Introduction Of Esox Masquinongy In Iowa Waters, K. M. Madden, A. D. Lynch

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Iowa State Conservation Commission purchased 1,535 muskellunge (3/4 to 1-inch fry) in 1960, from "Kenu," a Land-O-Lakes, Wisconsin commercial fish hatchery. Siewers Spring State Fish Hatchery and rearing pond facilities were used for the experimental rearing project. Eighty-five fish survived the June 7 to September 30 rearing period. Forty fish were stocked in each of the following Iowa lakes: West Okoboji, Dickinson County and Clear Lake, Cerro Gordo County. Two specimens have subsequently been recovered and identified from each lake.

Summer Food Habits Of Yellow Bass And Black Bullheads In Clear Lake, Bill Dean Welker

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Young yellow bass Roccus mississippiensis, ate primarily entomostracans but started taking significant numbers of immature insects when the bass reached 50 mm, total length. Adult yellow bass showed little change in food habits with increase in size from 5 to 7.9 inches with immature insects and crustacea in 60 and 81 per cent of the stomachs, respectively. Forage fish were found in only 2 per cent of the yellow bass in 1960 compared with 24 per cent in 1952 and 86 per cent in 1943 when the yellow bass were larger. Cladocera decreased in frequency in yellow bass stomachs from …

Life History Of The Creek Chub, With Emphasis On Growth, James J. Dinsmore

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Age and growth of 151 creek chubs, Semotilus atromaculatus, from the Des Moines River in 1961 were determined by scale and length-frequency methods. The body scale relationship had an intercept of 8.3 millimeters in total length. Chubs reached total lengths of 58, 95, and 128 millimeters at the formation of the first, second and third annuli respectively. Annuli form in May. Weight increased approximately as the cube of the length. The most important food items were plant material, aquatic insects, and, in the case of larger chubs, fish. The chubs were found adaptable in their food habits with the changing …

Protection Of Soil From Erosion By Swiftly Flowing Water, C. J. Posey

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Changing direction of flow in a watercourse is accompanied by non-hydrostatic pressure distribution, fixed in location where the curvature is steady, and constantly shifting in location and magnitude when the deviations arc due to turbulence. The response of the subflow in the boundary soil, from high pressure areas to low pressure areas, is practically instantaneous. Erosion (or rupture of waterproof linings) is most likely to occur at the low pressure areas, where the direction of flow is from the soil into the watercourse. Terzaghi's reverse filter can be used to prevent removal of soil as long as the topmost layers …

Ground Patterns As Keys To Photointerpretation Of Arctic Terrain, Keith M. Hussey

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Data based on field observations made during the summers of 1955-61 substantiate the belief that angle of slope is the most significant factor in determining the type of ground pattern which regionally or locally features arctic terrain.

The factors of influence in any arctic terrain ground pattern are texture of regolith, type and thickness of vegetation mat, amount of surface and subsurface water, thickness of active layer, and angle of slope of the ground surface.

The angle of slope and texture of regolith determine surface and subsurface drainage to a large extent, and thus control the water loss from the …

Unusual Exposure Of Silurian-Devonian Unconformity In Loomis Quarry Near Denver, Lowa, Fred H. Dorheim, Don L. Kock

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the Loomis quarry, located in the NW1/4 sec. 29 T. 91N., R. 13W., Bremer County, Iowa, there is an unusual exposure of an unconformity between the Silurian and the Devonian sediments. Several Niagaran hummocks rise approximately 30 feet above the general Silurian level with Devonian sediments (Cedar Valley and Wapsipinicon) deposited against the Hanks of the Niagaran remnants. A basal Wapsipinicon breccia is exposed in this section. Chert from the Silurian forms an important part of the breccia.

A Late Wisconsin Giant Beaver In Northern Iowa, W. D. Frankforter

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Few discoveries of giant beaver, Castoroides, remains have been made in Iowa and these have usually been found under circumstances precluding determination of their geologic ages. The specimen reported herein from near Garner, Hancock County, Iowa, was recovered from a peat bed which lies within the border of a late Wisconsin, probably Cary, terminal moraine. According to radiocarbon dates recently announced for organic muck overlying till in a nearby peat bog the minimum date for the till would have to be approximately 12,000 b.p., thus older than Two Creeks interstadial. This find, places the giant beaver in Iowa during Two …

Foraminiferal Paleoecology Of The Gubik (Pleistocene) Formation Of The Barrow Area, Northern Alaska, Richard W. Faas

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A group of samples taken from various units in a drill hole at the base of the sea cliffs, about 1½ miles south of Barrow Village, Northern Alaska, have been examined to determine their foraminiferal content. Application of recent knowledge of foraminiferal distribution and ecology served to point out that possible depth changes can be observed in the fossil assemblages. Correlation of these assemblages with existing particle size distribution data to determine paleoecological conditions reveals that the sediments were deposited in relatively shallow water under open-ocean, nearshore conditions and exhibit a shoaling-innundation relationship within the units represented. Temperatures during this …

Cementitious Properties Of Some Iowa Fly Ashes Without Lime Additives, Manuel Mateos, Donald T. Davidson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Seven Iowa fly ashes were evaluated as a construction material for embankments. Test specimens were molded at optimum moisture content for standard AASHO density and moist cured at 71°F for 28 and 120 days. Six of the fly ashes gave unconfined compressive strengths between 42 and 665 psi after 28 days curing plus one day immersion in water. Test specimens were also steam cured in an autoclave to find a possible quick way to evaluate the strength producing characteristics of a fly ash. The strengths obtained after curing for one day in the autoclave give an indication of the strengths …

Use Of Phosphoric Acid And Furfuryl Alcohol For Soil Stabilization, G. L. Roderick, T. Demirel, D. T. Davidson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This paper presents results of an investigation of the effects of phosphoric acid and furfuryl alcohol on the resistance and strengths of a clayey soil and of a sandy soil. Results indicate that greater water resistance and higher strengths can be obtained with both soils by using the admixtures. For the sandy soil, a certain optimum amount of phosphoric acid gives the maximum strengths for all furfuryl alcohol contents. The stabilization mechanism for the clayey soil is thought to be a combination of the formation of phosphoric gels and of a resin product of a furfuryl alcohol polymerization reaction. The …

Unit Cell Parameters Of A Pozzolanic Reaction Product, George R. Glenn, R. L. Handy

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Powder X-ray analysis of a slurry of the dolomitic lime Ca(OH)₂ + MgO plus Otay bentonite, after being sealed and stored at room temperature for one year, showed complete loss of Ca(OH)₂ and partial loss of the MgO, some or all of which went to Mg(OH)₂. New X-ray lines indicate formation of pozzolanic reaction products. Crystals of one of these products were isolated and studied by means of a diffractometer and single crystal orienter, and the unit cell was calculated. Individual crystals were then rushed to give Debye-Scherrer powder diffraction data. The chemical composition of the …

Regional Aspects Of The Muddy Formation In The Wind River Basin, Wyoming, Stanley D. Whiteford Jr.

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Lower Cretaceous Muddy Formation can be recognized almost everywhere in the Wind River Basin. The Formation consists primarily of quartzose and chert bearing sandstones and siltstones, carbonaceous sandstones and siltstones, fine-grained conglomerates, black and gray shales, and brown lignitic shales. The sandstone bodies within the Formation are extremely local and lenticular in nature and are irregularly distributed. These lenses appear to represent both individual and coalescing bar, channel, and deltaic deposits. The Muddy Formation is believed to be a poorly developed eastward extending tongue of the Bear River Formation occupying the same stratigraphic position as the Newcastle Sandstone which …

Newtonian Gravitational Potential For An Oblate Spheroid, Kempton L. Huehn

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

By considering a boundary value problem of Laplace's differential equation, we construct a gravitational potential function for an oblate spheroid using Newton's law of universal gravitation. We construct this function by retaining only four terms of an absolutely convergent series. The first of these four terms is the contribution due to a sphere while the other three terms contain coefficients which are functions of the oblateness of the spheroid.

Application Of The Mellin Transforin To Boundary Value Problems, David Lomen

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Mellin transform is investigated with special emphasis on its applications to the solution of boundary value problems. A technique is given for solution of Laplace's equation in plane polar and spherical polar coordinates.

Bismuth-Antimony Thermojunctions, David C. Kane

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

High purity bismuth and antimony were deposited by evaporation under high vacuum in separate processes onto glass substrates to form thermojunctions. Substrate cleaning methods, and means of attaching leads are mentioned. Measurements of the thermal emf produced are mentioned. Measurements of the thermal emf produced are discussed. Devices for regulating and measuring the temperature of the substrate in order to find the emf-temperature relationship of Bi-Sb thermojunctions are also discussed.

An Investigation Of The Judged Complexity Of Stimuli With High Information Content, Steve J. Zyzanski, Sheldon K. Edelman, George G. Karas

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The complexity of stimuli with high "constructed complexity" was judged by 40 subjects on an equal-appearing intervals scale. Earlier studies had employed stimuli of lower constructed complexity, and it was felt that the judgment task would prove more difficult when the constructed complexity was increased. Results showed that subjects experienced no difficulty in making the judgments-as constructed complexity increased, so did judged complexity. It was suggested that magnitude estimation might be a more appropriate means of assessing judged complexity than equal-appearing intervals for future studies.

Accurate Measurement Of Relative Humidity In Field Biology, Robert E. Henshaw, Donald E. Laughlin, Alvin Wilcox

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Measurement of relative humidity has been neglected in most biological field studies partly because of difficulty of accurate measurement. This paper reviews classical relative humidity instruments and modern electrical transducers. Accuracies and operational problems are compared. Finally several approaches to construction of electronic humidity measuring instruments are presented together with a schematic of one circuit which has been field-tested.

Further Studies On Mixed Colonies In Ants, R. L. King, R. M. Sallee

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Mixed colonies of ants (Formica fossaceps Buren and Formica obscuriventris clivia Creighton) offer unique opportunities to determine the extent to which two species living together share a single communal life. The proportion of workers of the two species present in a single colony differs from colony to colony but is relatively constant over periods lasting up to 16 years. Worker ants from four pure and from four mixed colonies have been measured with the scape as an index of size. The same size series of workers is found in pure and in mixed colonies, but the relative proportion of workers …

An Analysis Of Mite Populations In Muskrat Houses, Robert A. Buckley, Ellis A. Hicks

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

During the summers of 1960 and 1961, samples of material from muskrat houses in Goose Lake, Hamilton County, Iowa, were analyzed for their acarine content to obtain information on the factors influencing the composition of mite populations. Representatives of 18 different families or groups were obtained. Their ecology is discussed from the following relationships: (1) immediately available flora and composition of muskrat houses, (2) size of houses and occurrence of mites, (3) utility of houses and occurrence of mites, (4) sampling area of houses and occurrence of mites, and (5) the mite populations themselves.

A Test For The Identity Of "Dysoptic" With "Blind" In Mice, Margaret L. Watson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A genetic test for the identity of two mutants "Dysoptic" and "Blind" was made. The results of breeding point to their identity, but the results are not absolutely conclusive. A study of the Dysoptic-Blind embryo may furnish the final evidence.

Immunological Comparison Of Rat Liver Tumors With Normal Rat Livers, R. A. Flickinger

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Antisera were developed against centrifugal supernates and crude ribonucleoprotein fractions of normal rat livers and liver tumors. These antisera were tested with the homologous fractions of both the rat liver tumor and normal rat liver in agar-diffusion reactions. In no case was a definite reaction of nonidentity observed although a liver tumor antigen spur was sometimes observed in the reactions that utilized antisera directed against centrifugal supernates of liver tumors. The results indicate a qualitative similarity of a number of antigens derived from liver tumors and normal rat livers.