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2023 Cswr/Crs/Laii Graduate Fellows Colloquium, Joshua Heckman-Archibeque, Neider Andrey Devia Merchan, Gisselle Lydia Salgado, Hakim Bellamy

CSWR Public Programs

Graduate fellows from the Center for Southwest Research, funded by the Center for Regional Studies and the Latin American and Iberian Institute, gave public presentations on April 4, 5, and 6, 2023 on the work that they did for the academic year.

April 4, 2023

• Hakim Bellamy - A People's History: The Dr. Harold Bailey Collection

April 5, 2023

• Gisselle Lydia Salgado - Modernity within the Plutarco Elias Calles Archive

April 6, 2023

• Joshua Heckman-Archibeque - Land Struggles: FBI Surveillance of Alianza

• Neider Andrey Devia Merchan - Indigenous Affairs in the Archivo Plutarco Elias Calles 1919-1936 (FAPECFT)

Genomic Disorders In Ckd Across The Lifespan, Miguel Verbitsky, Sarathbabu Krishnamurthy, Priya Krithivasan, Daniel Hughes, Atlas Khan, Maddalena Marasà, Natalie Vena, Pavan Khosla, Junying Zhang, Tze Y. Lim, Joseph T. Glessner, Chunhua Weng, Ning Shang, Yufeng Shen, George Hripcsak, Hakon Hakonarson, Iuliana Ionita-Laza, Brynn Levy, Eimear E. Kenny, Ruth Jf Loos, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Simone Sanna-Cherchi, David R. Crosslin, Susan Furth, Bradley A. Warady, Robert P. Igo, Sudha K. Iyengar, Craig S. Wong, Afshin Parsa, Harold I. Feldman, Ali G. Gharavi

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Pathogenic structural genetic variants, also known as genomic disorders, have been associated with pediatric CKD. This study extends those results across the lifespan, with genomic disorders enriched in both pediatric and adult patients compared with controls. In the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study, genomic disorders were also associated with lower serum Mg, lower educational performance, and a higher risk of death. A phenome-wide association study confirmed the link between kidney disease and genomic disorders in an unbiased way. Systematic detection of genomic disorders can provide a molecular diagnosis and refine prediction of risk and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Genomic disorders …

The Role Of Citizen Science In Ecosystem Management: A Case Study Of The Middle Rio Grande Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Hannah Miller

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

Rapid advances in technology, especially smart phones, have changed citizen science around the world. Citizen science-generated data are growing exponentially, so there is increasing interest about what is happening with all this data. Some research suggests that governmental agencies are not using citizen science data to make ecosystem management decisions, although other studies contradict this finding. Regionally, the Middle Rio Grande bosque ecosystem extends for 162 miles along the Rio Grande in New Mexico. The Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program, or BEMP, was founded in 1996 following the efforts of the Bosque Initiative and the development of the Bosque Biological Management …

Performance Of The Mineral Recovery Enhanced Desalination Pilot Water Treatment Plant, Samantha Valentine

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

There is a growing interest in treating brackish groundwater to supplement freshwater resources for inland communities in arid climates. Water recovery by desalination of brackish groundwater is challenging due to mineral scaling from ions which form carbonate and sulfate minerals, dissolved silica which forms silicates, iron, manganese, and other constituents along with the difficulties and cost of disposing of large volumes of brine from the desalination process. The MRED process consists of a pretreatment process to increase water recovery and decrease waste production from brackish groundwater. The MRED process uses a unique sequence of unit processes consisting of: (1) Air …

Rural Water Manager Challenges In New Mexico, Amy "Aj" Jones

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

New Mexico poses a valuable set of circumstances to study the challenges faced by drinking water systems. A general lack of resources for small systems, be it personnel and funding issues, lack of community engagement, lack or loss of institutional knowledge, ability to meet regulations, and aging managers were found to be very common and widespread. Rural water manager positions that are unsupported financially do not assist in alleviating rural poverty or draw the workforce. Therefore, the negative state demographic statistics are reinforced, further complicating rural water management rather than helping the issues. To look at drinking water management comprehensively, …

Securing Environmental Flows For The Rio Grande Silvery Minnow, Ashley Veihl

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

Since 1997, the Bureau of Reclamation (Bureau) has been leasing water to provide habitat for the now-endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Minnow). The majority of leased water comes from the San-Juan Chama project, a trans-basin water delivery system that was originally implemented to secure flows to the Rio Grande for municipal and agricultural use. Limitations on water storage within reservoirs incentivize contractors that are allocated more surface water than they can use to lease the extra quantity. It is through this water leasing market that the Bureau has established the largest environmental flow program in the state of New Mexico. …

Toward The Yeast Surface Display Of Microviridin B, Jillian Leigh Stafford

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Humans have turned to natural products for medicinal therapeutics for millennia. In recent years, the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) class of natural products have garnered a lot of attention due to their ability for heterologous expression, relative ease of mutation, and vast biological activates. Microviridins are a family of RiPPs that contain a tricyclic cage-like structure through the formation of two lactone rings and one lactam ring catalyzed by two ATP-grasp ligase family enzymes. Microviridins are potent inhibitors of serine proteases and mutational studies of a small number of residues indicates the potential of peptide engineering protease …

Surviving Castro-Huerta: The Historical Perseverance Of The Basic Policy Of Worcester V. Georgia Protecting Tribal Autonomy, Notwithstanding One Supreme Court Opinion's Errant Narrative To The Contrary, John P. Lavelle

Faculty Scholarship

Oklahoma v. Castro‑Huerta is an unprecedented attack on the autonomy of Native American nations in the United States. The Supreme Court held that Oklahoma had jurisdiction over a crime committed by a non‑Indian perpetrator against an Indian victim within the Cherokee Reservation’s boundaries. The decision posits that states presumptively have jurisdiction, concurrent with the federal government, over crimes by non‑Indians against Indians in Indian country. But this proposition is at war with a bedrock principle of Indian law, namely, that reservations are essentially “free from state jurisdiction and control,” a policy that “is deeply rooted in the Nation’s history.” That …

Transmountain Diversion In The Forest Wilderness: Natural History Is Human History, José A. Rivera Ph.D

Faculty Publications

The case study details how an adjudication involving the water rights of Indigenous pueblos downstream of rights held by Hispano irrigators led to a prolonged conflict not with the pueblos but between Cuba valley farmers and the United States Forest Service. It happened that an adjudication decree in federal court mandated the Nacimiento Community Ditch Association to replace its diversion located in a wilderness forest with a modern structure to partition water equitably among all users on the Jémez River. The transmountain diversion, as it was called, took water out of the Jémez basin and dropped it to a canyon …

Travels In El Levante Spain: Field Notes And Reflections Summer Of 1999, José A. Rivera Ph.D

Faculty Publications

In the summer of 1999, I traveled to eastern Spain to observe the irrigated landscapes of the region known as huertas. I had recently completed a book about the community acequias of the upper Río Grande and set out to compare them with counterpart systems of Valencia, Murcia, and Lorca. In Valencia the highlights included a session of the fabled Water Court, the Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia, and a tour of huertas within the urbanized portion of city. In Murcia I visited the office of the Junta de Hacendados and from there made it a point to …

The Zanjeras Of Ilocos In The Northern Philippines: A Legacy Of Sustainable Resource Management, José A. Rivera Ph.D

Faculty Publications

Zanjeras are farmer-managed irrigation systems that have endured for centuries in the Ilocos region of northern Luzon in the Philippines. These cooperative irrigation societies emerged during the Spanish regime when Augustinians were deployed to congregate indigenous populations into pueblos, convert them to Christianity, and raise tributes for the Crown. Zanjeras evolved from a blending of two traditions: the Iberian model of irrigation and indigenized practices of water-for-land exchanges with landowners and atar-holdings to distribute shares among the members. Like other community-based irrigation systems in Southeast Asia and globally, zanjeras are self-governed, long-enduring, and serve as exemplary models of …

Examination Of Self-Determination Theory-Based Motivations For Using Cannabis Responsibly And Cannabis Use Motives As Predictors Of Cannabis-Related Outcomes Among College Students, Ricardo A. Rubio, Jakub D. Gren, Joey C. Mok, Haydee Andujo, Dylan K. Richards, Matthew R. Pearson, Addictions Research Team

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Cannabis use motives, or reasons people choose to use cannabis, are well-established risk factors for cannabis use and related negative consequences and include (in order of most to least risky) using cannabis to reduce negative affect (coping motives), increase positive affect (enhancement motives), to avoid negative social experiences (conformity motives), to enhance social experiences (social motives), and to expand one’s experiences (expansion motives). Our current research also examines motivations to use cannabis responsibly based on self-determination theory (SDT), which includes (in order of most to least protective) consciously valuing responsible use (autonomous motivation), seeking/avoiding internal rewards/punishments (introjected regulation), seeking/avoiding external …

Observed Differences In Goal-Directed Actions Among Individuals Affected By Covid-19, Jude Chavez, Kevin Wilson, Karen Luo, Sarah Ward, John Romero, Ethan Campbell, Darbi Gill, Richard Campbell, Jeremy Hogeveen, Jessica Richardson, Davin Quinn

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

The neurological complications of COVID-19 are fearsome and not understood Ischemic strokes, meningo-encephalitis, peripheral nerve damage, agitated delirium, dysosmia, and psychiatric disturbances have all been extensively documented. SARS-CoV-2 appears to directly invade neural tissue and triggers states of hypercoagulability, immune system activation, and hypoxemia, all of which contribute to severe brain dysfunction and possible damage in the acute phase. The motivation to initiate action is central to adaptive functioning but is impaired in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In particular, a significant number of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate clinically-significant apathy - i.e., a negative change …

Identifying Profiles Of Cannabis Users Based On Their Motivations To Use Cannabis Responsibly: An Application Of Self-Determination Theory, Joey C. Mok, Jakub D. Gren, Haydee Andujo, Ricardo A. Rubio, Dylan K. Richards, Matthew R. Pearson, Addictions Research Team

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Based on self-determination theory (SDT), motivation can be understood as existing on a continuum from the most to the least self-determined (autonomous motivation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation) with more self-determined motivations associated with positive health outcomes, and less self-determined motivations associated with negative health outcomes. Using a newly developed measure of motivations to use cannabis responsibly (TRSQ), we sought to identify unique subpopulations of cannabis users based on their motivations to use (or not use) cannabis use responsibly, positing that those with more self-determined motivations would report higher use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and lower cannabis use/problems. …

A Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Against Heroin Generates Protective Antibody Responses, Isabella G. Romano, Brandi Johnson-Weaver, Herman Staats, Bryce Chackerian, Kathryn M. Frietze

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose are urgent public health crises, with opioid overdose rates tripling within the last decade in the United States. Current treatments have limited efficacy, and challenges associated with implementation. Vaccines against opioids have recently been proposed as novel treatments, with some vaccine strategies showing promising pre-clinical data. Here, we report our efforts to engineer a vaccine against heroin that elicits high-titer and long-lasting antibodies with protective functionality. We utilized bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs) to display drug targets in a highly immunogenic and multivalent format. The active metabolites of heroin, morphine and 6-aceyl-morphine, were …

Syllable Diadochokinesis In Professional Boxers And Mixed Martial Artists, Amy Neel, Ninel Hernandez, Jessica Richardson, Lauren Bennett, Sarah Banks, Aaron Ritter, Charles Bernick

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: Recent studies in our laboratory have documented slower speech rates in passage readings for boxers and mixed martial artists (MMAs) compared to healthy controls. Diadochokinetic rate tasks (DDK), where syllables are repeated as quickly as possible, more directly measure speech motor abilities than reading or spontaneous speech tasks (e.g., less cognitive/linguistic confounds). We investigated DDK rates for professional boxers, MMAs, and controls with no history of RHI.

Methods: Participants were 27 professional boxers, 37 professional MMA fighters, and 30 controls ranging in age from 20 to 77 years of age from the Professional Athletes Brain Health Study. They were …

Continuous Cerebral Autoregulation Measurement And Outcomes In Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Masoom Desai, Ali Alsarah, Thomas Jones, Bert Davis, Chad Cole, Andrew P. Carlson

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background:

Impaired cerebral autoregulation has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Recent data demonstrated that oxygen reactivity measured by either parenchymal probes or near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may be associated with worse clinical outcomes and occurrence of spreading depolarization events.

Methods:

We prospectively collected continuous multimodality monitoring recordings in patients with aneurysmal treated at our institution between 2011 and 2021. Physiologic data were linked using the Moberg Component Neuromonitoring system (CNS) and clinical data were obtained by chart review. Continuous autoregulation indices were calculated using the CNS Envision software retrospectively for all available data …

An Alarming Interloper: A Case Report Of Capgras Syndrome As Presentation Of C9orf72-Associated Frontotemporal Dementia, Christine Meadows, Monika Manchanda, Jonathan Cauchi

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Introduction: Mutations in the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene are associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Diagnosis is challenging due to highly variable penetrance. This case report describes a rare manifestation of C9orf72 associated-FTD that presented as Capgras delusion.

Case: This is a case of a 77-year-old male with no diagnosed medical history who was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility due to delusions that his wife had been replaced by an imposter. MRI of the brain revealed symmetric mild to moderate cortical atrophy. Patient had an extensive family history of FTD and ALS …

"It's All In Your Head": Abnormal Visual Processing During Magnetoencephalography Is Associated With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In Us Veterans, David Quinn, Megan Schendel, Adam Littleton, Marcus Sterling, Joel Upston, Thomas Jones, Lindsay Worth, Kevin Wilson, Jude Chavez, Jessica Richardson, Chang Yaramothu, Tara Alvarez, Michael Hoffer, Stacey Harris-Carriman, Andrew Mayer, Julia Stephen

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

20230331_Transgender Day Of Visibility, Varina Kosovich

HSLIC Blog Post

No abstract provided.

Depression Severity Relates To Lower Information Encoding In The Rewp Following High Positive-Affect Feedback, Garima Singh, Trevor Cj Jackson, Mark Lavelle, Darin R. Brown, James F. Cavanagh

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

The Reward Positivity (RewP) is a positive deflection in the EEG sensitive to reward receipt. Recent evidence suggests that the RewP is modulated by both reward probability as well as affective valuation (“liking”). We hypothesize that this latter “liking” feature is specifically affected in major depression. We recruited 69 participants (MDD =35, Control= 34) who completed a reinforcement learning task (green or red screen feedback) with concurrent affective images. We specifically examined the modulation of the RewP when paired with hedonically preferred images (puppies) vs. less-preferred images (cows). There was no group difference in “liking” ratings of puppy or cow …

Third-Wave Treatments For Impulsivity In Addictive Disorders: A Narrative Review Of The Active Ingredients And Overall Efficacy, David Ik Moniz-Lewis, Hannah A. Carlon, Hanna Hebden, Felicia R. Tuchman, Victoria R. Votaw, Elena R. Stein, Katie Witkiewitz

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Purpose of Review: The goal of this review was to (1) synthesize recent studies that have examined impulsive behaviors in third-wave behavioral treatments, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Interventions, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and (2) examine the efficacy of these third-wave treatments in modifying impulsivity among individuals with addictive disorders.

Recent Findings: Recent studies indicate the potential for third-wave treatments in both treating addictive disorders and targeting the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of impulsivity. Concerns around the conceptualization of impulsivity as a construct warrant the use of improved measurement of impulsive behaviors in future work.

Summary of Results: Through shared …

Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing A Card (Asc) As A Potential Biomarker Of Dementia In Cerebrospinal Fluid, Kathryn Sánchez, Shanya Jiang, Sasha Hobson, Jeff E. Thompson, Sharina P. Desai, Gary A. Rosenberg, Kiran Bhaskar

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Dementia impacts about fifty-five million individuals world-wide, and this number is expected to double every twenty years according to the World Health Organization. Though amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles comprised of the hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau are established hallmarks of dementia, inflammation is critical to its pathology. In a pathological state, microglia, which are the innate immune cells of the brain, assemble a multiprotein complex called the inflammasome. The inflammasome is composed of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3); the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC); and inflammatory caspase 1 (cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease …

Deficiency In Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein (Il-1rap) Alleviates Tau Pathology, Somayeh Dadras, Kiran Bhaskar

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Neuroinflammation is associated with hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau, which results in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in tauopathy brains. However, the precise mechanisms of how brain inflammation drives this process remains unclear. Previously, we have reported that tau pathology is induced in neurons through microglia-derived IL-1. It is unclear how IL-1 signaling is regulated in a cell-specific manner and at the receptor level. An important factor in IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling is IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP). In response to IL-1β, IL-1R1 engages IL-1RAP and activates NF-kB or p38 MAPK leading to downstream effects. In this study, we aimed to determine …

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Exaggerates Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Dependent Immune Interactions Following Morphine Treatment That Paradoxically Increases The Chronicity Of Pathological Pain In Mice, A A. Pasmay, A A. Pritha, J R. Carter, M S. Sun, A Kf Oropeza, L Fauzi, D C. Jimenez, M Murphy, D D. Savage, C F. Valenzuela, E D. Milligan, S Noor

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

In utero alcohol exposure can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) which can result in a range of neurobehavioral deficits. Prenatal Alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to chronic central nervous system (CNS) immune dysfunction during adulthood. Our prior work has demonstrated that adult PAE rat offspring with minimal nerve injury develop pathological light touch sensitivity or allodynia due to aberrant peripheral and spinal glial-immune interactions resulting in increased levels of pain inducing proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. We suspect that PAE-related adaptations may “prime” CNS glial-immune cells to over-respond to subtle immune challenges through innate immune receptors, TLR4 and Nod-like receptor …

Investigating Mechanisms Of Covid-19 Neuropsychological Dysfunction, Jude Chavez, Kevin Wilson, Karen Luo, Sarah Ward, Marcus Sterling, Adam Littleton, Ethan Campbell, John Romero, Richard Campbell, Darbi Gill, Jeremy Hogeveen, Jessica Richardson, David K. Quinn

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic human coronavirus that typically causes respiratory infection. Evidence suggests that 10-15% of patients experience chronic neurologic symptoms, such as fatigue, headaches, and cognitive impairment.10 SARS-CoV-2 is thought to invade neural tissue, triggering immune system response, which may lead to brain dysfunction.7 The resulting brain dysfunction may be demonstrated through abnormal MRI and electroencephalography (EEG).4,8,9

Objective This study aims to establish foundational knowledge about the subacute and chronic neurocognitive effects of COVID-19, determine the pathologic mechanisms associated, and develop effective tools to guide and enhance treatment.

Hypothesis Neuro-positive COVID patients …

Enrichment-Mediated Neurogenesis Is Impaired In The Ventral Hippocampus In A Mouse Model Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (Fasd) And Potential Therapeutic Intervention, A M. Rodriguez, L Li, L A. Cunningham

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of preventable intellectual disability and neural developmental disorders. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental illness in people with FASD. These disorders are related to ventral hippocampus function. The hippocampus is unique in its ability to produce new neurons throughout life. In fact, part of the therapeutic effect of some common antidepressants is to increase neurogenesis. Previous research conducted by our lab has shown that in a mouse model of FASD, enriched-environment (EE) mediated neurogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus is inhibited, this correlates with impaired pattern discrimination learning (Gustus et …

The Risk Analysis Index Has Superior Discrimination Compared To The Modified Frailty Index-5 In Predicting Worse Postoperative Outcomes For The Octogenarian Neurosurgical Patient, Alyssa Yocky, Oluwafemi Owodunni, Evan Courville, Syed Faraz Kazim, Meic Schmidt, Susan Gearhart, Naomi George, Diana Green-Chandos, Christian Bowers

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background

Healthcare systems continuously strive to improve quality and value of the care. Advances in surgical technologies, enhanced perioperative surgical planning, and multidisciplinary care strategies are increasing the number of elective procedures in the geriatric population. However, frail older adults are more still likely to have poor postoperative outcomes. We examined the discriminative thresholds for the risk analysis index (RAI), modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5) and increasing patient age for predicting adverse postoperative outcomes.

Methods

Octogenarian neurosurgery patients undergoing spine, cranial, and other procedures, captured in the ACS-NSQIP between 2012-2020 were included. We employed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to examine …

The Effects Of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On Navigation In A Delayed Non-Match-To-Place Spatial Alternation Task By Adult Male And Female Rats, Gabriela Acosta, Suzy Davies, Daniel D. Savage, Benjamin J. Clark

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE) has been found to result in structural alterations to regions of the brain involved in spatial memory, including the thalamus and hippocampus. Previous studies have shown that spatial memory is impaired after moderate PAE (mPAE; ~60-80 mg/dL) and damage to the limbic thalamus and hippocampus. Recent work has shown that visual-spatial discrimination memory is impaired after mPAE in a sex-specific manner such that female mice exhibit greater deficits after 15sec retention intervals. It is unclear whether similar-sex specific deficits would be observed in tests of spatial memory or in a rat model of mPAE. Thus, the …

Health Literacy Is Linked To Executive Functioning In Older American Indians, Alexis Burks, Anastacia Romero, Macaiah Shendo, Steven P. Verney

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Objective: Health literacy (HL), the ability to understand healthcare information and navigate the healthcare system, is strongly associated with both educational achievement and executive functioning. Many American Indians (AIs) experienced traumatic early education, such as harsh boarding schools, which may impact their educational achievement, and subsequently, HL. Further, AIs disproportionately experience many chronic diseases. This study investigates the relationship between HL and executive functioning in older AIs.

Participants and Methods: Participants were recruited from a southwestern urban area who self-identified as AIs aged 55 to 80 (N=43). Participants were asked to complete questionnaires, interviews, and neuropsychological tests over two sessions. …