Digital Commons Network^™

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Is An Empirically Supported Treatment For Substance Use Disorder, Cassandra L. Boness, Victoria R. Votaw, Frank J. Schwebel, David Ik Moniz-Lewis, Kathryn Mchugh, Katie Witkiewitz

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a commonly used treatment for a variety of substance use disorders (SUD) but has not been evaluated using the American Psychological Association’s “Tolin Criteria” which serves as the current standard for determining the empirical basis of psychological treatments. The current systematic review of reviews evaluated five meta-analyses of CBT for SUD. One meta-analysis had sufficient quality to be considered in the evaluation of effect sizes. CBT produced small to moderate effects on substance use, including quantity and frequency, when compared to inactive treatment and was most effective at early follow-up (1-6 months post-treatment; g_{range …}

Creating A Quality Of Life For People With Brain Injuries, Ken Collins

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Ken Collins has lived with his brain injury for over 46 years and has worked with people with brain injuries and other disabilities to live independently since 1983: http://www.educationviews.org/ken-collins-reflections-recovery-head-injury/ He is an advocate of developing home and community-based services for people with brain injuries. In 1986-88 he was a VISTA Volunteer and helped develop the first independent living program for people with brain injuries in the U.S. http://www.sheltercare.org/2016/03/uhlhorn-beginnings/ Ken has participated in indigenous healing practices in the treatment of brain injury (Sweat Lodge, Hogan Ceremonies, NAC) and promotes the use of mindfulness-based stress reduction, Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) tapping, Tai …

The Littlest Thinkers: Neonatal Cognitive Development Investigation Using Eeg, Katy Cody-Cavanagh, Aaron Cardon, Jessie Maxwell, Dawn Novak, Neurodiagnostics Lab

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

This is an ongoing research study investigating neonatal cognitive development using EEG (electroencephalogram) and auditory event-related potentials (AERPs). Very little is known about the cognitive brain development in neonates, and even less is known about neonates who have neurologic concerns, as they are often excluded from participation in other developmental studies. We used a non invasive and non participatory method for analyzing cognition by way of the mismatched negativity (MMN) event related potential. This is a cortically evoked electrophysiological response to the brain’s awareness of a change in auditory stimuli. The negative EEG deflection that occurs between 150-400ms after a …

Quality Of Education & Level Of Education In Association With Executive Functioning In Older American Indians, Eunice Kim, Alexis Burks, Katherine Edwards, Maria Mccready, Emily Kuehn, Jezreel Romero, Steven P. Verney

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Objective: Level of educational achievement is often associated with executive functioning (EF) and overall health. However, education level does not account for the quality of education, which may be a better educational index for older American Indians (AIs). Many older AIs have suffered traumatic educational experiences, such as forced boarding schools and relocation focused on cultural assimilation rather than subject knowledge. This study investigated the relationship between EF and quality of education in older AIs.

Participants and Methods: Participants were recruited from a southwestern urban area who self-identified as AI aged 55 to 80 years (N=42). Participants completed questionnaires, interviews, …

Urine Anxiety Chronic Pain Model, Alexis Gravelle, Karin High, Sascha Alles, Marena Montera

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Chronic stress is linked closely with mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. These behaviors can be measured to understand chronic pain more effectively. Previous studies have shown that similar pathways are used to treat both chronic pain and chronic anxiety. In this study a predatory stress model offers a non-physical pain stimulus as an avenue to invoke an anxiety response. To mimic a predatory situation, the behavior of BALB/c mice in response to regular exposure to coyote urine was analyzed. The use of a non-physical stressor elicits a similar response to the stress that an adult experiences daily. This …

Moderate Pae-Induced Deficits In Ltp And Glutamate Levels In The Dentate Gyrus: Enhancement In Ltp With The Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonist Sar153954, Monica Goncalves-Garcia, Gabriela Acosta, Suzy Davies, Daniel D. Savage, D A. Hamilton

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

The hippocampus is susceptible to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) which can result in persistent cognitive impairments.

The hippocampus is susceptible to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) which can result in persistent cognitive impairments. Although there have been many investigations, deficits in synaptic plasticity remain poorly understood. Previous studies have identified deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the perforant pathway(PP) to dentate gyrus synapses as a robust consequence of PAE. Currently, there are no known, clinically effective pharmacotherapeutic interventions for these deficits. This study sought to investigate the effects of PAE on the pre-synaptic mechanisms involved …

Striving Towards Universal Treatment: The Novel "Full Spectrum People-With-Opioid-Use-Disorder Care Model", Richard Gadomski, Snehal Bhatt, Jessica Gross, Tony Dixon, Phillip Fiuty, Max Sharpiro, Rafael Fernandez-Manacha, Julie Salvador

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background:

People with Opioid Use Disorder (PWOUD) represent an underserved and marginalized population. Low-barrier programs like mobile care units and street outreach programs have yielded increased access to buprenorphine and social services, however OUD pertinent co-occurring behavioral health and medical conditions are frequently left unaddressed. A novel, tailored, comprehensive care delivery model may reduce disparities and improve access to care across a range of pathologies in this historically difficult to reach population and enhance efforts to provide universal treatment access.

Methods:

Descriptive data was collected and analyzed regarding patient demographics, retention in treatment and services rendered at a new, wrap-around, …

A Novel Methodological Approach Of Collecting Mri In Newborns And Infants Without Sedation In A Multi-Site Consortium Pilot Study, Lidia Enriquez Marquez, Tracey Wick, Crystal Almeida, Alexandria Wiesel, Arvind Caprihan, Ludmila Bakhireva, Andrew R. Mayer

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) is a multi-site research study (25 sites) designed to prospectively examine brain and behavioral development beginning prenatally through mid-childhood. The study will determine the impacts of a variety of risk and resilience environmental factors, including prenatal exposure to substances, from a diverse sample of pregnant individuals and their live-born children. The study incorporates repeated neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI). One aspect of the HBCD pilot phase focuses on optimizing non-sedation techniques to facilitate MRI data acquisition in newborns (<1 month) and infants (≤9 months).

Methods: Concerted efforts were devoted to maximize scanning rates …

Effect Of Recorded Maternal Voice On Quantitative Eeg In The Preterm Newborn, Meghan Groghan, Aaron Cardon, Kate Cavanaugh, Dawn Novak

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: Despite continued advances in quality medical care for premature infants, neurodevelopmental delay remains one of the most common complications of prematurity. It is also known that early diagnosis and intervention for developmental delays leads to improved outcomes. More recently, quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) has shown potential as a prognostic tool for identifying delays in preterm infants but remains an underutilized assessment. Maternal voice exposure has positive effects on autonomic stability and feeding vigor/tolerance in preterm infants. This novel study aims to investigate the effects of recorded maternal voice on qEEG patterns in preterm neonates.

Methods: Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial …

Comparison Of Right Vs Left Accelerated Resting-State Fmri-Guided Theta Burst Stimulation To The Dlpfc For Late-Life Depression: A Pilot Study, Jude Chavez, Karen Luo, Crystal Garcia, Christopher Abbott, Davin Quinn

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: While trials of accelerated, neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for depression have shown efficacy for depression, there has not yet been validation of this technique for late-life depression (LLD). Additionally, no studies have tested accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the right DLPFC for depression, although it may benefit depression and anxiety.

Methods: We enrolled 36 elderly patients (ages 50-79 years) with a diagnosis of pharmacoresistant depression of at least 6 months. Each participant received 45 sessions (5 treatments/day over 9 days) of iTBS to their functional MRI (fMRI) …

Center For Brain Recovery And Repair: Clinical Core, Rick Campbell, Michel Torbey, Kevin Wilson, Jude Chavez, Karen Luo, Sarah Ward, Marcus Sterling, Adam Littleton, Ethan Campbell, John Romero, Marcus Sterling, Darbi Gill, Davin Quinn, Jessica Richardson, Jeremy Hogeveen

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

The Center for Brain Recovery and Repair at the Health Sciences Center aims to develop safe and effective interventions targeted at specific pathways or mechanisms to improve the quality of life of New Mexicans with brain and behavioral conditions. The Center, part of the NIH IDeA program and funded as a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, opened in 2015 in UNM Domenici Hall. In addition to creating a critical mass of investigators in the field of brain recovery and repair, the Center's facilities are also available for use by other investigators on a fee-for-service basis. The Center received Phase II …

Midbrain Degeneration And Cognition In Parkinson’S Disease, Kayla Julio, Stephanie Nitschke, Nicholas Shaff, Christopher Wertz, Andrew Mayer, Andrei Vakhtin, Gerson Suarez Cedeno, Amanda Deligtisch, Sarah Pirio Richardson, Sephira G. Ryman

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Neuromelanin imaging is an emerging biomarker for PD as it captures degeneration of the midbrain. Currently, it is unknown whether this degeneration contributes to cognitive dysfunction in PD beyond dysfunction associated with fronto-subcortical systems. Here, we examine whether neuromelanin signal is associated with broader cognitive dysfunction in PD patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment: PD with normal cognition (PD-NC), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and healthy controls (HC).

12 PD-NC, 18 PD-MCI and 19 HC underwent an MRI scan that included a neuromelanin-sensitive (NM-MRI) sequence. Contrast-to-noise-ratio of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) …

Comparison Of Novel Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Against Tau In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Jonathan Hulse, Nicole Maphis, Julianne Peabody, Bryce Chackerian, Kiran Bhaskar

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of tau tangles and amyloid-β plaques in the brain with accompanied neurodegeneration. Phosphorylation of tau at specific sites occurs early in the disease process and has been shown to drive tau pathology which correlates with disease progression. Promoting the clearance of pathological tau may be a useful therapeutic strategy. Previously, we developed Qβ bacteriophage virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines displaying phosphorylated Thr181 tau peptides that promoted robust immune response, tau clearance, and improved memory. Here we report characterization and comparison of a Qβ-PHF-1-VLP and a Qβ-AT8-VLP vaccine. Transgenic rTg4510 mice were administered three …

Altered Neuronal Firing Following A Spreading Depolarization: An In Vivo Study, Branki R. Hess, Natalie J. Pinkowski, Carissa J. Mehos, Betty Fish, Russell A. Morton

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Spreading Depolarizations (SD) are slowly propagating waves of tissue depolarization that result in the suppression of neuronal firing for multiple minutes. SDs are known to occur in rodents suffering from moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries and are also associated with visual auras that often-proceeded migraines. Our previous work established that SDs initiate in a closed skull concussion model in mice. The presence of SDs in our injury model is tightly associated with acute behavioral deficits that last hours. The behavioral deficits are attributed to neurological impairment, but a mechanistic understanding of that impairment remains unclear. We hypothesize that there …

Preliminary Psychometric Testing Of The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire For Assessing Motivations For Responsible Cannabis Use: An Application Of Self-Determination Theory, Haydee Andujo, Jakub D. Gren, Joey C. Mok, Ricardo A. Rubio, Dylan K. Richards, Matthew R. Pearson, Addictions Research Team

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Cannabis use protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are cognitive–behavioral strategies used before, during, and/or after cannabis use to reduce cannabis use and related problems. Self-determination theory (SDT) provides a potentially useful framework to understand motivations for responsible cannabis use, which is operationalized in the present study as PBS use. In the present study, we examined the relation of motivations for responsible cannabis use, as assessed by the 15-item Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), with cannabis PBS use and other cannabis-related outcomes. A sample of 408 past month cannabis users were recruited from a multisite study of college students (n=1856). Consistent with SDT …

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes For Children Participating In Navajo Birth Cohort Study (Nbcs), Heather Krapf, Brandon Rennie, Nbcs Team

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: There are many (>500) abandoned mines on Navajo Nation with lots of families living within a short distance (within 10 km) of an abandoned site. Research has indicated higher concentrations of heavy metals among many individuals on Navajo Nation. The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO), a seven-year initiative funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH), allowed us to build on the Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS) and continue to follow-up with existing participants. A main aim of NBCS/ECHO has been to examine the effects of environmental exposures such as heavy metals on childhood developmental outcomes. …

Comparison Of Stereoelectroencephalography Versus Subdural Electrodes For Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring In Pediatric Patients: A Meta-Aaalysis, Syed Faraz Kazim, Michael Kogan, James A. Botros, Ariana Barkley, Heather Stevens Spader

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Introduction: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and subdural explorations (SDE, including grids, strips, and depth electrodes) represent the two main techniques utilized in pre-operative evaluation of medically refractory epilepsy. During the past two decades, some studies have explored the comparative safety and effectiveness of these two modalities in pediatric patients.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. We performed literature search using MeSH terms published until June 30, 2022 in four electronic databases. The R statistical software version 3.5.3 and MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2.3 were used to perform the meta-analysis.

Results: We included 16 studies with 780 pediatric …

Preoperative Frailty Measured By Risk Analysis Index Predicts Complications And Poor Discharge Outcomes After Brain Tumor Resection In A Large Multi-Center Analysis, Syed Faraz Kazim, Rachel Thommen, Kavelin Rumalla, Alexander J. Kassicieh, Piyush Kalakoti, Meic H. Schmidt, Rohini G. Mckee, Daniel E. Hall, Christian A. Bowers

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background

To evaluate the independent effect of frailty, as measured by the Risk Analysis Index-Administrative (RAI-A) for postoperative complications and discharge outcomes following brain tumor resection (BTR) in a large multi-center analysis.

Methods

Patients undergoing BTR were queried from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSIQP) for the years 2015 to 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the independent associations between frailty tools (age, 5-factor modified frailty score [mFI-5], and RAI-A) on postoperative complications and discharge outcomes.

Results

We identified 30,951 patients who underwent craniotomy for BTR; the median age of our study sample was 59 (IQR 47–68) …

Age-Specific Prognostic Hub Genes Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration In Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Analysis Of Tcga Data, Syed Faraz Kazim, Devin W. Vidrine, Meic H. Schmidt, Christian A. Bowers

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Introduction

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and carries a poor prognosis with median survival time (MST) of approximately 18-20 months. Increasing evidence has revealed that infiltrating immune cells and other stromal components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with prognosis of GBM. The present study was conducted to identify age group-specific prognostic hub genes associated immune cell infiltration in GBM patients.

Methods

We extracted clinical and gene expression data [based on RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and microarray] of 593 primary GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (www.cancergenome.nih.gov). For analysis, the data was distributed into …

Long-Term Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On Gabaergic System In Posterior Parietal Cortex, V Licheri, B J. Jacquez, D Sainz, C F. Valenzuela, J L. Brigman

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are a group of neurobehavioral deficits including physical, cognitive, learning and behavioral disabilities that persist throughout the lifespan. Our recent investigation showed that moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) during first and second-trimesters equivalent impairs cognitive control on a touchscreen continuous performance task accompanied by frontal and cortical power alterations. The literature to date had extensively investigated the molecular abnormalities underlying the PAE impairments in cognitive functions mediated by cortical areas, but there are no studies exploring the long-term effects of PAE in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). The PPC represents one of the major cortical …

Improving The Detection Of Behavioral Health Conditions Through Positive And Unlabeled Learning: Self-Harm And Opioid Use Disorder, Praveen Kumar, Jonathan K. Tsosie, Christophe G. Lambert

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Accurate detection and estimation of behavioral health conditions, such as self-harm and opioid use disorder (OUD), is crucial for identifying at-risk individuals, determining treatment needs, tracking prevention and intervention efforts, and finding treatment-naive individuals for clinical trials. Despite the underdiagnosis and undercoding of these conditions in electronic health records (EHRs), our work aims to accurately estimate both the probability of a given patient having these conditions and the overall population prevalence.

We have developed a novel machine learning algorithm, “Positive Unlabeled Learning Selected Not At Random (PULSNAR)”, to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed or unrecorded behavioral health conditions. Positive unlabeled …

Is There An Association Between Anxiety And Response Confidence?, Sofia Miranda, Garima Singh, Mark Levelle, James F. Cavanagh

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

This project investigates the neuro-behavioral relationship between anxiety, error monitoring, and decision confidence. Individuals with heightened anxiety have larger neurobiological action monitoring signals, such as the Error Response Negativity (ERN) or Correct-Response Negativity (CRN): negative deflections in the trial-averaged EEG that occur when participants commit an erroneous or correct choice, respectively. Anxiety is associated with larger ERN amplitudes and lower decision confidence. Yet, response confidence is associated with both higher CRN amplitude as well as faster response time. It remains unknown how anxiety is related to these neural systems underlying decision confidence. The current study investigated ERN and CRN amplitudes …

Association Of Neurofascin155 With Severe, Rapidly Progressive Sensory Axonal Polyneuropathy In A Cohort Of Native American Women: A Novel Case Series And Review Of The Literature, Christine Meadows, Jonathan Cauchi, Clover Youn, Kayleigh Martin, Cynthia Olivas, Ilhem Messaoudi

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Objective: Paranodal antibodies against neurofascin155 (NF155) have been well-described in chronic and acute demyelinating diseases of both the central and peripheral nervous system, but have not yet been associated with acute axonal pathology¹. Here we characterize the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic features in a cohort of adult women of Native American ethnicity who presented with rapidly progressive, severe, subacute painful paresthesias and were found to have axonal polyneuropathy associated with positive serum NF155 antibody.

Methods: Five patients presented with severe, rapidly progressive, symmetric, painful paresthesias, and were found to have sensory greater than motor axonal polyneuropathy. All …

Agonizing The 5-Ht2c Receptor Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In Adolescent Male Rats, Nicole C. Reyna, Nathan S. Pentkowski

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and other s􀆟mulant use remains high in the Western area of the United States, with New Mexico having one of the highest s􀆟mulant use percentages in adolescents, at 11.4%. Addi􀆟onally, adolescence is a 􀆟me of enhanced sensi􀆟vity to drug reward and there are currently no FDA approved treatments for MUD. Therefore, there is a cri􀆟cal need to develop effec􀆟ve interven􀆟ons for adolescents using methamphetamine. The present study u􀆟lized a condi􀆟oned place preference paradigm (CPP) for determining if agonizing the serotonin-2C (5-HT2c) receptor atenuates expression of methamphetamine reward in adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats (PND 30). Rats were randomly …

Effect Of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure On Histamine H3 Receptor-Effector Coupling And Sigma-1 Receptor Modulation Of Histamine H3 Receptor Function, D E. Nelson, S Davies, D D. Savage

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

We have reported that the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist ABT-239 ameliorates prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE)-induced deficits in synaptic plasticity and learning. It has been reported that different H3R inverse agonists have variable affinities for also binding to Sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs), including ABT-239, which is roughly equipotent at both receptor types. Given this dual action of ABT-239 and other H3R inverse agonists on both H3Rs and S1Rs, we examined whether PAE would affect that actions of the more selective H3R inverse agonist JNJ5207852 compared to the specific S1R agonist PRE-084 on H3R receptor-effector coupling.

Radiohistochemical studies of [^{35 …}

Ascl1 Regulates Astrocyte And Oligodendrocyte Cell Fate, Proliferation, And Migration In The Dorsal Cortex, Luis E. Paez-Beltran, Milindu Lyanapathirana, Tou Y. Vue

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are part of the macroglia cell family, which is the most abundant cell type in the CNS. Glia progenitor cells (GPC) give rise to both lineages by differentiating in either astrocyte precursor cells (APC) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), fate determined mainly by a few master regulators. ASCL1, a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, is one of these developmental regulators expressed in progenitors’ cells during neurogenesis and gliogenesis, but its specific role in fate, migration and proliferation remains yet to be elucidated. Methods: We employed an initial descriptive study to examine ASCL1 and OLIG2 distribution in the …

A Novel Methodological Approach Of Studying Heart Rate Variability During Still Face Paradigm In Infants Of Enrich Prospective Birth Cohort Study, R Rai, J Didomenico, S M. Rodriguez, J Maxwell, J Lowe, C Aragón, L N. Bakhireva, J M. Stephen

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Introduction: Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) among school age children in the U.S. might be as high as 1-5%. Diagnosis of FASD is often delayed as higher-order cognitive deficits manifest later. The inability to regulate autonomic activity during social interactions is believed to contribute to social and emotional dysregulation in children. Heart rate variability (HRV) consists of changes in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats called interbeat intervals. It is regulated by Autonomic Nervous System through synergistic activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Still Face Paradigm (SFP) is used as an experimental social stressor paradigm to …

Nows In Covid - Neonatal Opiate Withdrawal Hospital Course After Implementation Of Covid-19 Infection Control Practices, Dane G. Winter, Sofia Chavez, Lorena Galvan, Peggy Maclean, Jessie Maxwell, Chelsea Wilhite, Heather Pratt-Chavez

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: The SARS-COVID-19 pandemic requires hospitals to increase infection control practices and implement policies calling for universal face masks. These policies dramatically changed the hospital milieu for newborns as visitors were either limited or entirely restricted. For newborns experiencing neonatal opiate withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) due to exposure to opioids during pregnancy, hospitalization is often prolonged. Protocols for care for infants with NOWS emphasize the importance of non-pharmacologic care as first-line treatment, recommending holding infants, swaddling, and rooming-in caregivers. With changes to infection control policies, providers are concerned infants with NOWS are experiencing complications including longer stays and more complex clinical …

Tyrosine Phosphatase Step Is A Key Regulator Of Post-Ischemic Inflammatory Response Under Hypertensive Condition, Prabu Paramasivam, Seong Won Choi, Ranjana Poddar, Surojit Paul

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Background: Hypertension, the most common comorbid condition in stroke patients worsens stroke outcome. The canonical pathway of stroke-induced brain damage involves excessive glutamate receptor activation. Post-ischemic inflammation further contributes to the pathogenesis of stroke outcome under comorbid conditions. In earlier studies we developed a novel therapeutic target TAT-STEP, derived from the brain-enriched and neuron specific tyrosine phosphatase STEP, which has been shown to be effective in reducing stroke induced brain damage in the absence of any associated comorbidities. In the current study we evaluated the post-ischemic inflammatory pathways that contribute to the exacerbation of ischemic brain injury under hypertensive conditions …

Meg Reveals Multiple Sources To The Reward Positivity, Only One Of Which Is Affected By Major Depression, Christopher Jh Pirrung, Garima Singh, Davin Quinn, Jeremy Hogeveen, James F. Cavanagh

Brain & Behavioral Health Research Day

Anhedonia is a primary symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In order to better understand this phenotypic dimension, we investigated a marker of reward that is sensitive to information content and valence, the Reward Positivity (RewP). This study used concurrent EEG and MEG to establish the source of the RewP in control and MDD participants. The RewP emerged as a distributed network involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), and bilateral insulae. Only the vmPFC differed between groups, whereas the aMCC/insula “salience network” areas were similarly responsive to reward prediction error. This suggests specific deficits in affective valuation …