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Chanka Settlement Ecology: Hilltop Sites, Land Use And Warfare In Late Prehispanic Andahuaylas, Peru, Lucas C. Kellett May 2010

Chanka Settlement Ecology: Hilltop Sites, Land Use And Warfare In Late Prehispanic Andahuaylas, Peru, Lucas C. Kellett

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation investigates Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1400) hilltop settlements of the central Andean highlands. Rather than a traditional warfare-centered political perspective, the research employs primarily an ecological model in which to evaluate the widespread settlement shift to high altitude ridge tops beginning ca. AD 1000. More specifically, the research investigates the multi-faceted role that climate change may have played in the establishment of LIP hilltop settlements. I examine the concomitant shifts in the local ecology and the economic organization of hilltop communities. Using a multi-scalar and methodologically diverse research design, incorporating ethnohistory, field survey, excavation and GIS, I examine …

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Alterations In Neuromodulators Of Gabaergic Transmission In The Cerebellar Cortex Of Patients With Schizophrenia, William Michael Bullock May 2010

Alterations In Neuromodulators Of Gabaergic Transmission In The Cerebellar Cortex Of Patients With Schizophrenia, William Michael Bullock

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

One of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia is the dysfunction of specific subsets of GABAergic interneurons in distributed brain regions including the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Analyses of post-mortem tissue from cerebellar hemispheres from 13 schizophrenic patients and 13 matched controls by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the mRNA levels of both the 67 kDa and 65 kDa isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67 and GAD65) are decreased. Additionally, the presynaptic GABA transporter GAT-1 and the Golgi cell specific neuromodulator metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) were decreased in the schizophrenic group. Postsynaptic upregulation of GABAA-alpha6 and delta along …

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Tracing Deuterium Through The Food Web And Into Birds And Mammals Along An Elevational Gradient In The Southern Rocky Mountains, Matthew J. Baumann May 2010

Tracing Deuterium Through The Food Web And Into Birds And Mammals Along An Elevational Gradient In The Southern Rocky Mountains, Matthew J. Baumann

Biology ETDs

Animals incorporate local δ2H values from available water and dietary sources during tissue synthesis, which can provide evidence of elevational movements if multiple tissues with different turnover times are examined. Here we test the applicability of using δ2H as an indicator of altitudinal movements by examining multiple tissues (δ2Hbw (body water), δ2Hfeather, δ2Hfur, and δ2Hclaw) in birds and mammals in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Additionally, we measured δ2Hsw (stem water) and insect δ2bw and δ2wb (whole body) values to assess changes with elevation. We sampled 15 species of birds and two small mammal species along with potential food sources …

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Dispersal, Facilitation, And Burrow Architecture In Banner-Tailed Kangaroo Rats, Andrew J. Edelman May 2010

Dispersal, Facilitation, And Burrow Architecture In Banner-Tailed Kangaroo Rats, Andrew J. Edelman

Biology ETDs

The largest and most dominant kangaroo rat species in the Chihuahuan Desert is the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis). This keystone species constructs mounds containing a complex burrow system around which their ecosystem engineering activities are centered. I studied a population of banner-tailed kangaroo rats at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico from 2005-2009. Specifically, I examined how banner-tailed kangaroo rats: 1) modify their mounds in response to seasonal conditions; 2) spatially affect harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) through ecosystem engineering activities; and 3) differ in timing of natal dispersal between sexes. I used mark-recapture, genetic, experimental, and spatially-explicit methods …

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Respiratory Physiology During Gravidity In Crotaphytus Collaris And Gambelia Wislizenii, Casey Anderson Gilman May 2010

Respiratory Physiology During Gravidity In Crotaphytus Collaris And Gambelia Wislizenii, Casey Anderson Gilman

Biology ETDs

During gravidity lizards experience a significant decrease in lung volume as a result of compression by growing eggs within the body cavity. In order to understand the effect of this decrease in lung volume on respiratory physiology of gravid egg-laying lizards I measured changes in: total lung volume, resting and post-exercise expired volume, minute volume, respiratory frequency, and carbon dioxide production during reproduction in Crotaphytus collaris and Gambelia wislizenii. I found that compression of the lungs by eggs resulted in an average 48% (range: 26 to 70%) decrease in total lung volume in C. collaris, and an average 38% (range: …

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Habitat Variables, Mammal Interactions, And Recovery Approaches Important To A Rare, New Mexican Butterfly, Euphydryas Anicia Cloudcrofti (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Julie Lincoln Mcintyre May 2010

Habitat Variables, Mammal Interactions, And Recovery Approaches Important To A Rare, New Mexican Butterfly, Euphydryas Anicia Cloudcrofti (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Julie Lincoln Mcintyre

Biology ETDs

This research investigated three study topics pertaining to the habitat and ecology of the Sacramento Mountains checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas anicia cloudcrofti) with the goal of contributing to effective conservation for this rare species. In the first study, abiotic and biotic habitat variables were found to be different between occupied and unoccupied habitat. Connectivity, host plant resource concentration, and plant structural diversity corresponded with butterfly presence at the scales of landscape, meadow, host plant patch, and natal host plant. High habitat quality, low isolation, broad host plant patch area, and high host plant patch density were associated with occupied habitats. Adults …

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Apolipoprotein B-Mediated Control Of Staphylococcus Aureus Virulence, Meghan Michal Peterson May 2010

Apolipoprotein B-Mediated Control Of Staphylococcus Aureus Virulence, Meghan Michal Peterson

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Staphylococcus aureus is a colonizer of the human skin and mucosa that can cause minor to severe disease. Originally afflicting patients at the extremes of age or those with immunocompromising co-morbidities, S. aureus strains have emerged that cause invasive disease in otherwise healthy populations with no health-care associated risk factors. In addition, these community-acquired strains predominately contain antibiotic resistance genes, making them difficult to treat with conventional interventions. Invasive disease in S. aureus is partly regulated by a quorum sensing signaling system that relies on the secretion and signaling function of a bacterial peptide pheromone (AIP). S. aureus strains that …

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Development Of Presynaptic Calcium Dynamics And Short-Term Plasticity In The Sc-Ca1 Synapse, Chessa Scullin May 2010

Development Of Presynaptic Calcium Dynamics And Short-Term Plasticity In The Sc-Ca1 Synapse, Chessa Scullin

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Following a presynaptic action potential, there is a rapid rise of [Ca2+]i in the immediate vicinity of Ca2+ channels that triggers membrane fusion and release of transmitter from vesicles within this microdomain. This presynaptic Ca2+ signal ([Ca2+]pre) then disperses to produce a residual Ca2+ ([Ca2+]res) that decays over the course of tens to hundreds of milliseconds. The [Ca2+]res has important implications in synaptic plasticity and is the basis for working memory storage. Ultimately [Ca2+]res is removed from the cytoplasm either into intracellular organelles or across the plasma membrane into the extracellular environment. Calcium influx pathways, cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffering proteins, and …

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Cellular Localization And Expression Of Ski Family Proteins In Rhabdomyosarcoma, Brian Lee Reinert May 2010

Cellular Localization And Expression Of Ski Family Proteins In Rhabdomyosarcoma, Brian Lee Reinert

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Ski and SnoN are two highly related transcription factors that are transcribed from two separate genes named SKI and SKIL, respectively. They are both co-repressors of the Smad-mediated transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway. Originally they were classified as oncogenes as they have the ability to transform quail fibroblasts. However, they have also been found to have anti-proliferative properties so they are also considered tumor suppressors. They are involved in normal growth and development and thought to be essential as there is evidence that a homozygous mouse knockout of either SKI or SKIL is embryonic lethal. Both Ski and …

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Relative Contributions Of Zinc And Calcium To Acute Injury To Hippocampal Ca1 Neurons, Robert M. Dietz May 2010

Relative Contributions Of Zinc And Calcium To Acute Injury To Hippocampal Ca1 Neurons, Robert M. Dietz

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Spreading depression (SD) is a wave of severe depolarization that spreads across brain tissue. For several decades, it has been suggested that (SD) may play a role in the expansion of brain injury following ischemic insults, and may also be involved in non-injurious pathologies such as migraine aura. The major goals of this study were to examine cellular mechanisms that contribute to the initiation of different forms of SD, and in particular the potential roles of the cations Ca2+ and Zn2+. Work in this thesis examined SD in hippocampal slices acutely prepared from adult mice. Initial studies used the Na+/K+ …

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The Generation And Immunogenicity Of Pp7 Virus-Like Particles Displaying Target Antigens, Alex Medford May 2010

The Generation And Immunogenicity Of Pp7 Virus-Like Particles Displaying Target Antigens, Alex Medford

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

The immunogenicity of an antigen can be increased by displaying it in a highly dense, multivalent context, such as on the surface of a virus or virus-like particle (VLP). However, for many viruses, the ability to display diverse antigens on viral surfaces through the construction of recombinant virus particles is limited because peptide insertions are not compatible with virus or VLP assembly. In this thesis, I examined the ability of VLPs of bacteriophage PP7 to have target peptides inserted into a single-chain dimer of its coat protein and form VLP that display the epitope of interest on the particle surface …

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Genetic Contributions To Brain Fiber Architecture And Neuroanatomical Alterations In Alcohol Dependent Individuals: A Correlation Study, Vibhati V. Kulkarny May 2010

Genetic Contributions To Brain Fiber Architecture And Neuroanatomical Alterations In Alcohol Dependent Individuals: A Correlation Study, Vibhati V. Kulkarny

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a complex addictive disorder, affecting 5.4% of the general population during a lifetime (Kessler, 2005) and has a complex heterogenous phenotype, with behavioral, morphological, and genetic components. Alcohol use can cause gray matter and white matter tissue damage. The extent of alcoholisms effect on brain matter structure in young adults is less known. Assessement of low and high alcohol dependent individuals was derived from DSM-IV. FSL based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and quantitative fiber tracking derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessed morphological alterations of 6 gray matter structures involved in addiction and 10 white matter …

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Why Conical Pots? An Examination Of The Relationship Among Vessel Shape, Subsistence, And Mobility, Claire Kathleen Helton-Croll May 2010

Why Conical Pots? An Examination Of The Relationship Among Vessel Shape, Subsistence, And Mobility, Claire Kathleen Helton-Croll

Anthropology ETDs

This study examines the functional relationship between ceramic cooking vessel shape and subsistence and mobility using vessels from Navajo and Towa-speaking Puebloan groups from the Protohistoric period (A.D. 1450-1700) in the southwestern United States. Conical shape vessels are found in association with mobile foragers throughout the past. Navajo peoples produced Dinetah and Navajo Gray wares, both of which have conical bases. Towa-speaking Puebloan peoples from the Jemez and Pecos areas produced rounded-base cooking vessels. The Navajo and Towa-speaking Puebloans practice different subsistence and mobility strategies. The primary goal of this research was to determine if variation in cooking vessel form …

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Identification And Characterization Of Steroid Receptor Ligands, Megan Kathleen Dennis May 2010

Identification And Characterization Of Steroid Receptor Ligands, Megan Kathleen Dennis

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

This work focuses on steroid receptors, including the androgen receptor (AR), the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ, known as the classical ERs, and GPR30, a recently described G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Each of these receptors plays a role in many normal tissues and disease pathologies and signaling through steroid receptors is required for growth of many cancers. Additionally, many tissues express more than one estrogen receptor, making delineation of the functions of individual receptors difficult. We have previously identified a GPR30-selective agonist, G-1, and this small molecule has been shown to mediate GPR30 function in a range of in …

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Perinatal Arsenic Exposure Inhibits Binding Ability Of Glucocorticoid Receptors To Nuclear Response Elements Altering Gene Expression And Affecting Learning Behavior, Ebany J. Martinez-Finley May 2010

Perinatal Arsenic Exposure Inhibits Binding Ability Of Glucocorticoid Receptors To Nuclear Response Elements Altering Gene Expression And Affecting Learning Behavior, Ebany J. Martinez-Finley

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Learning deficits in children following arsenic (As) exposure via drinking water have been epidemiologically described in the last decade. Arsenic is a persistent environmental toxin and exposure has been shown to perturb the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis. The glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are an integral part of the HPA axis and are found throughout the central nervous system, particularly in the hippocampus, an area of the brain important in learning and memory. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is involved in learning and two kinases of the MAPK pathway, Ras and Raf are transcriptionally regulated by GRs. In the studies detailed …

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Regulation Of Cyclin E1 By The Breast Cancer Microenvironment, Yuehan Wu May 2010

Regulation Of Cyclin E1 By The Breast Cancer Microenvironment, Yuehan Wu

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

The behavior of breast epithelial cells is influenced by their microenvironment, which includes stromal cells and extracellular matrix. During breast cancer progression, the tissue microenvironment fails to control proliferation, resulting in uncontrolled growth and invasion. Upon invasion, the extracellular matrix encountered by breast cancer cells changes from primarily laminin and collagen IV to primarily collagen I. The current study used a three-dimensional (3D) collagen I culture model to address how the microenvironment controls the breast cancer cell cycle after invasion through the basement membrane. We show that culturing breast cancer cells in 3D collagen I inhibits proliferation through direct regulation …

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Utilizing Jicarilla Apache Knowledge To Enrich The Watershed Watch Program Curriculum For The Benefit Of The Jicarilla Apache Youth, Rebecca Rae May 2010

Utilizing Jicarilla Apache Knowledge To Enrich The Watershed Watch Program Curriculum For The Benefit Of The Jicarilla Apache Youth, Rebecca Rae

Architecture and Planning ETDs

The thesis explores the notions of decolonization, Indigenous knowledge, and empirical knowledge of place as a foundation for implementing Jicarilla Apache knowledge into the Watershed Watch Program. Two lesson plans were created utilizing Jicarilla Apache stories and knowledge to teach Jicarilla Apache youth about the water cycle, plants, and culture. By connecting Indigenous teachings with western scientific teachings Jicarilla Apache youth will gain a greater understanding of the natural environment with relevance to their heritage.

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Algorithms For Self-Healing Networks, Amitabh Trehan May 2010

Algorithms For Self-Healing Networks, Amitabh Trehan

Computer Science ETDs

Many modern networks are reconfigurable, in the sense that the topology of the network can be changed by the nodes in the network. For example, peer-to-peer, wireless and ad-hoc networks are reconfigurable. More generally, many social networks, such as a company's organizational chart; infrastructure networks, such as an airline's transportation network; and biological networks, such as the human brain, are also reconfigurable. Modern reconfigurable networks have a complexity unprecedented in the history of engineering, resembling more a dynamic and evolving living animal rather than a structure of steel designed from a blueprint. Unfortunately, our mathematical and algorithmic tools have not …

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"This Is How Worklife Should Be": Quality Connections, Positive Relationships, And Positive Organizational Climate, Susan Scheller Arsht May 2010

"This Is How Worklife Should Be": Quality Connections, Positive Relationships, And Positive Organizational Climate, Susan Scheller Arsht

Communication ETDs

This dissertation explores positive communication in the workplace; namely, that communication which constitutes quality connections and positive relationships associated with positive organizational climate. High quality connections and positive relationships are some of the most important dynamics in work life and key to developing a respectful, affirming work climate. By coding their communicative elements, this study develops a new communicative model of positive relationships and quality connections at work which synthesizes contemporary models from the fields of organizational behavior, psychology, and organizational communication. It demonstrates the applicability of this new model with empirical evidence from working professionals' stories and establishes the …

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The Once And Future King: A New Approach To Ancient Maya Mortuary Monuments From Palenque, Tikal, And Copan, Elizabeth Drake Olton May 2010

The Once And Future King: A New Approach To Ancient Maya Mortuary Monuments From Palenque, Tikal, And Copan, Elizabeth Drake Olton

Art & Art History ETDs

This dissertation examines the Temple of the Inscriptions, Temple I, and Temple 26 and explores what could have motivated the Maya to construct these large monuments and how they might have been meaningful. Traditional art historical methods of comparative and formal analyses are employed as tools for discussing patterns of meaning among these temples. The structural and decorative programs shared by all three temples signal that they are part of a separate genre of architecture that is specifically mortuary and interactive. Furthermore, these features are also a mode of communication. Messages depicted in the offerings, sculpture, and spaces of the …

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Water Quality And Public Health Monitoring Of Surface Waters In The Kura-Araks River Basin Of Armenia, Azerbaijan, And Georgia, Amy Ewing Apr 2010

Water Quality And Public Health Monitoring Of Surface Waters In The Kura-Araks River Basin Of Armenia, Azerbaijan, And Georgia, Amy Ewing

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

The Kura-Araks (sometimes spelled Aras) River Basin is an international river basin located in the South Caucasus with five separate countries contributing area to the watershed. These countries are Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. Surface water from the Kura and Araks Rivers is used for a variety of uses, including municipal, agricultural, industrial, and mining, and the waste products from each of these uses are discharged back into the rivers. Many of the resulting contaminants pose significant risks to human health, including exposure to organic pollution derived from municipal use, organochlorine pesticides and high nitrate from agriculture, chemical contamination …

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Potential Options To Reduce Esa Liability For Private New Mexico Irrigators Who May Be Liable For A Section 9 'Take', Geoffrey T. Klise Apr 2010

Potential Options To Reduce Esa Liability For Private New Mexico Irrigators Who May Be Liable For A Section 9 'Take', Geoffrey T. Klise

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

No abstract provided.

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Nicaragua, A Potential Alternative-Energy Hotspot, Noticen Writers Apr 2010

Nicaragua, A Potential Alternative-Energy Hotspot, Noticen Writers

NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America

As the price of oil bulged beyond the US$50 per barrel mark for the first time in 2005, Nicaragua again found itself lost in a conundrum. With its geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind resources, the country is a potential generator of renewable, nonpolluting energy economically within reach of every citizen. But Nicaragua also lacks the means to motivate that kind of development and, as a result, has spent so much of its meager treasure on imported oil that it plunges ever more deeply into crippling debt.

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April 8, 2010 Finance & Facilities (F&F) Committee Meeting, Evp For Administration Apr 2010

April 8, 2010 Finance & Facilities (F&F) Committee Meeting, Evp For Administration

Finance and Facilities Committee

Documents related to the April 8, 2010 Board of Regents' Finance and Facilities Committee Meeting. (Agenda, Minutes, eBook, Notice)

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2010-04-08 Unm News Minute, University Of New Mexico Communication And Marketing Department Apr 2010

2010-04-08 Unm News Minute, University Of New Mexico Communication And Marketing Department

UNM News Minute 2010

No abstract provided.

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The Management Of Nonpoint Sources Of Contamination From The Embudo Watershed In The Vicinity Of Albuquerque, New Mexico, Rosemarie Chora Apr 2010

The Management Of Nonpoint Sources Of Contamination From The Embudo Watershed In The Vicinity Of Albuquerque, New Mexico, Rosemarie Chora

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

For the people living in the Rio Grande Valley, the importance of water, both quantity and quality, is an ongoing issue. Water resources issues of a local or regional nature are in the news almost every day. As competition for limited water resources intensifies, major economic decisions, both locally and regionally, will be controlled by the availability of usable quantities of ground and surface water. The urbanization of the Albuquerque area has changed the natural workings of its surrounding watersheds. Water quality, vegetation and erosion patterns have been altered by the vast amount of impervious surfaces present within the city. …

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Urbanization Of Seven Springs, New Mexico:An Evaluation Of Current And Projected Impacts On Ground- And Surface-Water Resources, William S. Mcdonald Apr 2010

Urbanization Of Seven Springs, New Mexico:An Evaluation Of Current And Projected Impacts On Ground- And Surface-Water Resources, William S. Mcdonald

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

The village of Seven Springs, New Mexico, lies north of Fenton Lake in the valley of the Rio Cebolla in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. The valley is funnel shaped -- narrowest downstream -- with homes most densely packed at the bottom of the funnel. It is typical of many small communities scattered throughout the state in that residents rely on private wells for drinking water and on individual septic systems for disposal of household waste. The current population in the village and the valley is light -- about 50 permanent residents swelling to about 100 during the …

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Using Geographic Information Systems To Predict Changes In Water Quality Due To Erosional Processes, A. Pete Martinez Apr 2010

Using Geographic Information Systems To Predict Changes In Water Quality Due To Erosional Processes, A. Pete Martinez

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

The primary objective of this project was to develop a spatial erosion model using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that took into account various management issues including road construction, fire history, and grazing. The model was created in five steps: the erosion model, three individual management analyses (for roads, fire history, and grazing), and the combined analysis. Modeling was conducted at the 1 :250,000 scale using USGS Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 5th code boundaries. The erosion model and individual analysis results were compared to expected results from applicable research in their respective fields of study. The project goal was for the …

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The Virtual Reservation: Land Distribution, Natural Resource Access, And Equity On The Yurok Forest, Lynn Huntsinger, Lucy Diekmann Apr 2010

The Virtual Reservation: Land Distribution, Natural Resource Access, And Equity On The Yurok Forest, Lynn Huntsinger, Lucy Diekmann

Natural Resources Journal

No abstract provided.

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Keeping Up With The E. Coli: Considering Human-Nonhuman Relationships In Natural Resources Policy, Mrill Ingram Apr 2010

Keeping Up With The E. Coli: Considering Human-Nonhuman Relationships In Natural Resources Policy, Mrill Ingram

Natural Resources Journal

No abstract provided.

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