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Water Current, Volume 13, No. 4, July/August 1981

Water Current Newsletter

Community Course on Water in Nebraska
Assistant Instructor in Water Resources Communications
Sandhills Research Package Being Developed
Governors May Seek Continued Regional Water Planning Efforts
Missouri River Basin Commission Water Use Information Needs Assessment
Interior Appropriations Bill
Water Planning Bill Approved by Committee
Dr. Dallas Peck Nominated to Head USGS

Deer Social Organization And Wolf Predation In Northeastern Minnesota, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus has been subject to intensive research and management, yet we are just beginning to understand its social organization. Little is known about home range formation, migration, social bonds, and traditions in this deer, what functions they serve, and what selective forces have affected them.

Predation by wolves Canis lupus, in particular, has not been examined as a factor in deer evolution, yet the intimate interactions between deer and wolf through the millennia no doubt strongly influenced major morphological and behavioral adaptations in both species. It is a reasonable assumption that wolf predation has been …

Reproduction In A Nebraska Sandhills Population Of The Northern Prairie Lizard Sceloporus Undulatus Garmani, Royce E. Ballinger, Dale L. Droge, Steven M. Jones

Papers in Herpetology

The reproductive cycle of Sceloporus undulatus was studied in western Nebraska. Females mature in the 1st year following hatching at a size of 45 mm SVL. Two clutches averaging 5.5 eggs each are produced. Egg sizes are similar to other grassland populations and contain approximately 650 g-cal. per egg. Egg weight to body weight ratios of 0.33 were the highest which have been reported for any S. undulatus population. Variation in life history characteristics within and between grassland and eastern woodland habitat types are explicable given a knowledge of the growing season, predation intensity and demographic environment.

The Coccidia Of Quail In The United States, Donald W. Duszynski, Ralph J. Guttiérrez

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Intestinal contents from 12 scaled quail (Callipepla squamata), 10 bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), 20 harlequin quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae), 35 California quail (Lophortyx californicus), 15 Gambel's quail (Lophortyx gambelii), and 29 mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) were examined for coccidian oocysts. Only 18 (14.9%) of 121 birds had coccidian oocysts in their feces at the time of collection; these included 9 L. californicus and 9 O. pictus. Four eimerians and an isosporan were found in the 18 infected birds. Eimeria lophortygis and E. okanaganensis had been previously described from …

Agricultural Experiment Station News June 1981

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
From the Director’s Desk
Experiment Station Research and Graduate Education
Glen Burton - The Scientist, The Man
Sahs Sez
Projects Approved
Grants and Contracts
GARY LEE HERGENRADER, Department Head, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife and State Forester
ERNEST J. HEWETT, III, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural
JOHN A. SMITH, Machinery Systems Engineer, University of Nebraska, Panhandle Station
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - May 1981

Notes [June 1981]

Nebraska Bird Review

MISSISSIPPI KITE. At 3:30 p.m. 7 September 1980 Alan Grenon and I observed a Mississippi Kite from the back porch of our house, which is several meters south of Fontenelle Forest and about 1 km. west of the Missouri River, overlooking the flood plain. The bird was coming from the east, about 5 m. above the trees. The flight was extremely buoyant and smooth, rather like that of a light-bodied gull or swallow. When it was above us it began to glide in circles, just above the trees. From time to time it reached with its head for its feet, …

The Platte River Ecology Study: Special Research Report', Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Each spring about 80%of the sandhill cranes in North America stop for several weeks in the Platte and North Platte River Valleys of Nebraska while en route to breeding grounds in Canada, Alaska, and the Soviet Union. This concentration of cranes is unparalleled in North America and these sites represent the principal spring staging areas for the midcontinent population. Large numbers of waterfowl, numerous bald eagles, whooping cranes, and many other species also use the area.

Recent changes in habitat conditions along the Platte and North Platte Rivers have prompted concern for the welfare of sandhill cranes and other migratory …

Mound Sewage Waste Treatment Systems, Elbert C. Dickey, Phillip W. Harlan, Cheryl Kisling-Crouch

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Several areas in Nebraska are not appropriate for onsite home sewage treatment using conventional septic tank absorption field systems. Site factors that limit the use of conventional absorption fields include slowly permeable soils, shallow or gravelly soils and high water tables. The septic tank-mound system, which consists of a septic tank for primary sewage treatment and a constructed mound for final waste treatment was developed to overcome these site limitations (Figure 1).

Although mound systems differ only slightly in principle from conventional sewage systems, they allow the user to select suitable materials to build an absorption field that relies …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 13, Number 2. June 1981

The Prairie Naturalist

HERPETOFAUNA OF MORMON ISLAND PRESERVE, HALL COUNTY, NEBRASKA ▪ S. M. Jones, R. E. Ballinger and J. W Nietfeldt

COYOTE USE OF PLAYAS IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS ▪ R. W. Whiteside and F. S. Guthery

NEW RECORD OF THE LEAST WEASEL IN WYOMING ▪ M. R. Stromberg, D. E. Biggens and M. Bidwell

STATUS OF AMERICAN WOODCOCK IN NEBRASKA WITH NOTES ON A RECENT BREEDING RECORD ▪ G. R. Lingle

WINTER FOODS OF THE PINE GROSBEAK IN EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ R. C. Reigh

SEASONAL VARIATION IN HOME RANGE OF A FEMALE BADGER (Taxidea taxus) ▪ R. …

Agricultural Experiment Station News May 1981

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
From the Director’s Desk
Projects Approved
Grants and Contracts
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - April 1981

The Probe, Issue 13 - May 1981

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Content:
Prexy’s Corner
Disneyworld, D.C.
An Animal Damage Identification Guide for Massachusetts
Bird Problems in Agriculture
Let’s Hit the Antis Where They Live – Right in the Legislature!
Oregon Revisited
WLFA Update
The problem with feral pigs in San Benito County (CA)
Dr. Donald A. Spencer, Regional Director VI
Milton Caroline, Regional Director IV
A Study of the Foraging Habits of Quits at the Montgomery County Landfill, Rockville, Maryland
Harvey O. Edwards – Memoir
Which Risks are Acceptable?
Illegally killed elk being poached just for their antlers
Recommendations for an effective ADC program

Reactions Of Differential Varieties To The Rice Gall Midge Orseolia Oryzae In Asia. Report Of An International Collaborative Research Project., Elvis A. Heinrichs, International Rice Research Institute

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Varieties and breeding lines known to be resistant to the gall midge in some areas of Asia were tested in China, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand from 1977- 1980. Differential reactions were evident, indicating variations in the virulence of gall midge populations in the various countries. Eswarakora derivatives were resistant in Thailand but susceptible in Indonesia; Leuang 152 was resistant in Indonesia but susceptible in Thailand. In India, Eswarakora derivatives were susceptible in Orissa but resistant in Andhra Pradesh. The Leuang 152 and Ob 677 groups were resistant at all test sites except in Thailand and Bihar, India.

Exercise And Stress Tolerance, Richard A. Dienstbier, James Crabbe, Glen O. Johnson, William Thorland, Julie A. Jorgensen, Mitchel M. Sadar, Dennis C. Lavelle

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Presented in this paper is research designed in part to show that although moderate running by well-trained runners plays a significant role in reducing stress response to subsequently introduced stressors, running at the level of marathon competition alters psychological and physiological dispositions in a manner not conducive to reduced stress responses. In these demonstrations, the choice of our psychological and physiological dependent measures was guided by a larger theoretical framework concerning the relationship of exercise to temperament. We will discuss this larger view first because it provides a theoretical perspective that is useful in considering our specific hypotheses. We believe …

A Comparison Of Reproductive Strategies Among Marine Snakes, Cliff A. Lemen, Harold K. Voris

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

(1) Gravid females representing fourteen species of marine snakes were collected from four localities along the coast of Malaysia in 1975. The average clutch size ranged from 2.9 to 17.8 but most species had between three and seven young. The number of young produced and the size of gravid Lapemis hardwickii differed significantly at two sites in the Straits of Malacca. Eight species showed a significantly positive relationship between the number of oviducal eggs and female weight. The rate of infertility among ten species ranged from 4.5 to 20%.

(2) Sex ratios in the collections varied significantly through time and …

Agricultural Experiment Station News April 1981

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
From the Director's Desk
Sahs Sez
Grants and Contracts
Projects Approved
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - July 1981
Journal Abstracts - Submitted for Publication
BULLETINS PRINTED

Review Of The Fur Trade Of The American West, 1807- 1840: A Geographical Synthesis By David J. Wishart, Doyce B. Nunis Jr.

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The fur trade of the Trans-Missouri West has long been a fertile field of historical investigation, effectively plowed for almost a century by scholars, both trained and lay. Taking those familiar materials, Wishart has produced a book that brings a new and challenging dimension to that history. Indeed, his synthesis calls for a new interpretation, namely, that the fur men's rapacious exploitation of the fur resources of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains "was destructive to the physical environment and to the native inhabitants alike." The romantic image of the buckskin-clad mountain man at the cutting edge of the nation's …

Crop Residue Management For Water Erosion Control, Elbert C. Dickey, P. W. Harlan, Don Vokal

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Crop residues are playing an increasingly important role in today's agricultural management systems. In the past, residues were normally chopped or disked and plowed under in the process of seedbed preparation. Distributed throughout the deep-tillage layer, the residues decomposed rapidly and recycled organic matter back into the soil. Use of the traditional moldboard plow tillage system also provided a loose, residue-free seed bed. Unfortunately, moldboard plow tillage systems have high soil moisture losses which can reduce yields in low rainfall areas or during dry years.

Incorporating previous crop residues also leaves the soil surface exposed to agricultural runoff which causes …

A Multivariate Study Of The Family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera) : Morphology, Ecology, Evolution, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The purpose of my study is to examine as many species of the family Molossidae as possible and to determine, with the aid of numerical methods, what natural groups exist within the family. Sneath & Sokal (1973) discuss the methods and reasons for this kind of analysis. A natural group of organisms as here defined is one in which its members share a close phenetic relationship. Phenetic relationship is defined as "similarity (resemblance) based on a set of phenotypic characteristics of the objects or organisms under study," (Sneath & Sokal, 1973, p. 29), and is distinct in definition from phylogenetic …

Museums Are More Than Elephant Graveyards, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

I suspect many people do not know what natural history museums are all about. These museums hold nature's works of art, instead of just man's. There are not many museums of natural history and those few are usually in big cities.

Field Museum of National History in Chicago is one of the largest in the world, along with the British Museum of Natural History in London, the Smithsonian (U.S. National Museum) in Washington, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York. These are the museums that have the actual skeletons of dinosaurs, or stuffed elephants, poised in combat, …

Social Behavior Of The Pine Vole (Pitymys Pinetorum): I. Activity Patterns Of Mated Pine Voles In Semi-Natural Environments, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The root damage resulting from pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) infestation of apple orchards remains a major vertebrate pest problem. Currently, research effort is being directed at habitat management and at toxic bait development and application as two potentially cost-effective methods for control of these rodents. Recently, investigations have begun into the detailed relationships between the pine vole's physiology and it's habitat in an effort to understand and perhaps disrupt the seemingly ideal balance achieved by the animal in apple orchard situations. In addition to these approaches, which have possible immediate application, one area of pine vole biology that …

Growth And Development Rates Of Microtus Pinetorum Under Different Photoperiods, T. L. Derting, J. A. Cransford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Photo-period and nutrition are important variables affecting reproductive activity and growth in many rodents. Field and laboratory studies indicate that long photo-period (spring-summer) cause Increased growth while short photo-periods (fall-winter) inhibit these processes. In the montane vole (Microtus montanus) recently weaned animals gain weight at a much lower rate under short photo-periods or in total darkness than under long photo-periods (Vaughan et al., 1973; Peterborg, 1978). Adult M. montanus had more offspring and larger mean litter sizes under LD 18:6 than LD 6:18 (Pinter & Negus, 1965). Similarly, long (LD 16:8) or increasing photo-periods stimulated the onset of …

Frontmatter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Frontmatter

Proceedings Of The Fifth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Gettysburg, Pa, March 4-5, 1981

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Entire symposium.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FIFTH EASTERN PINE AND MEADOW VOLE SYMPOSIUM

The Fifth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Sheraton Inn-Gettysburg, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania March 4 and 5, 1981, for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to the problem of vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was intended to create a problem solving atmosphere in which growers; various governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI; the chemical industry; and university personnel could observe the cur¬rent thrusts of research and extension programs and their potential impact on future …

Colonization Of An Abandoned Orchard By Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford, J. Harrison, T. L. Derting

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Habitat selection by pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) has been attributed to cover density (Goertz, 1971; Paul, 1970) soil condition (Benton, 1955; Fisher and Anthony, 1980), and food resources (Noffsinger, 1976; Paul, 1970). Goertz (1971) reported that pine voles were distributed in diverse habitats, but there was a close correlation with height and diversity of grass. Miller and Getz (1969) found populations in sloping upland woods, Benton (1955) in dry woods, and Paul (1970) in hardwood slopes with a close correlation between distribution and amount of ground cover. Soil type has been examined by Benton (1955) and Fisher and …

Effect Of Photoperiod On Activity Patterns In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Light is an environmental variable which has considerable effect on small mammal activity patterns. This constantly repeating 24 hour signal provides information on a daily basis and has been shown to synchronize all physiological patterns in an animals existence. Laboratory studies have shown that pine voles are slightly nocturnal (Pearson, 1947) or confined their activity to the hours of twilight and darkness (Werner, 1951). Both authors indicate that activity occurs in bouts of about 1 hour duration followed by an hour of rest. Benton (1955) observed from trapping that more activity occurred at night but cautioned that due to the …

Progress And Prospect Of A Bioenergetic Simulation Model Of Pine Vole Populations, John F. Coyle, Kevin C. Jordan, Alan R. Tipton, Roy L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

As reported previously (Coyle and Tipton 1980), we have been engaged in the development of a computerized system which outlines the basic demographic features of a pine vole population. The system, when complete, will hopefully contain four subsystems (biological, spatial, control and economic). This paper will discuss the biological submodel, its development and validity, and prospects for its future.

Review Of The Island Waterfowl By Milton W. Weller, And The Hawaiian Goose: An Experiment In Conservation By Janet Kear And A. J. Berger, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Both of these books deal with insular species of waterfowl. The volume by Weller concentrates on the ecological forces that have shaped the compar- ative ecologies and morphologies of some 30 forms of Anatidae that are confined to the islands of the world; the Kear and Berger book deals with the interesting history of the ill-fated Hawaiian goose, or nene, which has at least temporarily been saved from extinction by heroic conservation measures of the Wildfowl Trust and Hawaiian wildlife personnel.

Agricultural Experiment Station News March 1981

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
From the Director’s Desk
Collaborative Research Support Programs
CAMaC
Projects Approved
Station Communications Activities
Grants and Contracts
Competitive Grants
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - February 1981
Edd Clemens, Associate Professor, Veterinary Science Department
Thomas W. Dorn, Extension Irrigation and Conservation Specialist, University of Nebraska - Northeast Station
Roy Frederick, Professor, Agricultural Economics and Extension Public Policy Economist
Jeffey A. Meyer, Research Associate, Department of Entomology
Ellen T. Paparazzi. Assistant Professor of Urban Horticulture, Department of Horticulture
Lavon J. Sumption, District Director! University of Nebraska - North Platte Station and Extension District II

The Probe, Issue 12 - March 1981

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
Oregon Postmortem
School-age children believe the pronghorn antelope, white-tailed deer and elk are in danger of extinction
Discontinue the production of calcium cyanide
I’ll Take My Steak Bloody Rare, Please! by Barry Gray
NADCA
The Animals’ Revenge
Animal damage to coniferous plantations in Oregon and Washington
Snares
Visual scare devices
CEQ Uses Statistics
Bat Repellents
Norton R. Miner, Region III Director
Meetings of Interest
Sally S. Erdman
Memorial: Harvey Edwards

Antiphosphocholine Antibodies Found In Normal Mouse Serum Are Protective Against Intravenous Infection With Type 3 Streptococcus Pneumoniae, David E. Briles, Moon Nahm, Kenneth Schroer, Joseph Davie, Phillip Baker, John Kearney, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Although it has been clearly demonstrated that antibodies to pneumococcal capsules are protective in both mice and men (1, 2), the protective properties of antibodies to other pneumococcal constituents have been less well investigated. In the present report we describe results indicating that naturally occurring antibodies binding with the phosphocholine (PC) determinant of the pneumococcal cell wall C-carbohydrate (3) are important in the protection of mice from experimental pneumococcal infections.