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The Use Of Whole Animals Versus Isolated Organs Or Cell Culture In Research, H. Claire Murphy

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

As government regulations for animal care increase in number and complexity, and as animal-rights activists continue to push for decreased use of animals for research, more laboratories have turned to tissue and cell culture for biological research. Initial costs of large animals and escalating maintenance costs have driven some researchers from the use of large animal models. Both models-whole animals for chronic experiments and the use of isolated tissue-can give answers to physiological questions. Cost is certainly a factor that must be considered in the present atmosphere in which funding is so difficult to obtain. However, any information gained in …

A Review Of The Scaritinid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritini) Of Nebraska, Richard E. Clopton

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The tribe Scaritini includes 18 Nebraska species in five genera. Keys are provided for the genera and the species. Descriptions and distributions are delineated. lllustrations clarify key characters for all genera and 12 species. Faunal distribution maps are provided for the six most widespread species.

Body-Size And Wing-Length Variation Among Selected Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) From Nebraska's Sandhills Grasslands, Sarah B. Gaines

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Morphological variation in six grasshopper species is examined. Statistics describing collections (adult males and females) made during July 1986 and July and August 1987 are given. Five of the species are characterized by long wings, and the sixth is wing-length dimorphic. Additional collections at several western Nebraska grassland sites were used to examine relationships between nymph population density and wing-length frequencies in adults. Coefficients of variation were also calculated to facilitate designs of future experiments.

Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Sediment And Organic Matter From Transects Across The Lower Unchannelized Missouri River, Larry W. Hesse, Gerald E. Mestl

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The United States Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Geological Survey, and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission cooperated in 1989 to obtain physical data from cross-section transects along the unchannelized Missouri River in northeastern Nebraska. Bed-sediment samples were collected from locations along these transects and taken to the laboratory. Mean particle-size and standard deviation were determined by weighing material retained on seven U.S. Standard sieves after being on a sieve shaker for six minutes. Organic matter content of each sample was obtained by ashing an aliquot in a muffle furnace to remove the organic portion. A new system for coding sediment …

Fossil Herpetofauna Of The Lisco C Quarries (Pliocene: Early Blancan) Of Nebraska, J. Alan Holman, M. Elise Schloeder

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The Pliocene (Early Blancan, 3.8 Ma) herpetofauna of the Lisco C Quarry of Garden County, Nebraska, consists of at least two anurans, two testudines, four saurians, and ten snakes. Only one of these, Sceloporus cf. S. robustus Twente, is extinct. An eastern extralimital form, Elaphe vulpina (Baird and Girard) and possibly another, Storeria sp., occur in the Lisco C fauna. It is suggested that the Lisco C herpetofauna may indicate a cooler, moister paleoclimate than the later Blancan Sand Draw (3.5 Ma), Big Springs (2.5 Ma), and Hornets' Nest (2.0 Ma) herpetofaunas of Nebraska. The Lisco C herpetofauna could have …

A Survey Of The Bryophyte Flora Of Six South-Central Counties Of Nebraska, Linda L. Spessard-Schueth

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

During the summers of 1988 and 1989, bryophyte collections made in Buffalo, Dawson, Franklin, Harlan, Kearney, and Phelps counties of Nebraska comprised 26 species. These add 45 county reports to the known bryophyte flora.

New And Corrected Floristic Records For Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Robert B. Kaul, David M. Sutherland

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Nineteen species (including eight Eurasian ones) are newly recorded for Nebraska: Alopecurus arundinaceus, Amaranthus californicus, Asclepias asperula, A. purpurascens, Cardamine {lexuosa*, Centaurea diffusa, Dipsacus laciniatus, Eriochloa villosa, Euclidium syriacum, Gentiana alba, Geranium viscosissimum, Geum vernum, Goodyera oblongifolia, Haplopappus multicaulis, Heterotheca latifolia, Lathyrus tuberosus, Polygonum douglasii, Scirpus saximontanus, Veronica biloba. Twenty-one others are shown to be more widespread in Nebraska than previously known, one has a more restricted range than previously reported, two (Scirpus smithii, S. torreyi) are deleted from the flora based upon corrected identifications, and the status of some rarely-collected species is updated. Thirty-two additions, two …

A Taxonomic Study Of Variation In Leptochloa Fascicularis (Lam.) Gray In The Central Great Plains, Todd A. Templeton

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The morphology of Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray (Poaceae) was studied in 25 locations in eastern and central Nebraska to determine if this grass was separable into two distinct taxa as suggested in several recent sources. Field collections were supplemented with herbarium specimens from other parts of the Central Great Plains. Glume and lemma lengths, the characters used in published keys, provided no separations useful in dividing the material into two species or varieties. However, individual local populations exhibited significant differences from each other in these characters. Such local differences appear to be reasonable given the high degree of inbreeding that …

Transactions Of The Nebraska Academy Of Sciences Volume Xviii (1990-91): Table Of Contents

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Editorial Contents

Nebraska Academy of Sciences Officers, Policy Committee .......... ii

Editorial Board .......... v

Membership Objectives and Friends of the Academy .......... vi

Earth Sciences

Ditching of wetlands in the Nebraska Sandhills: A case study of Grant County (James E. Ducey) .......... 1

Cross-sectional analyses of sediment and organic matter from transects across the lower unchannelized Missouri River (Larry W. Hesse and Gerald E. Mestl) .......... 11

Fossil herpetofauna of the Lisco C quarries (Pliocene: Early Blancan) of Nebraska (J. Alan Holman and M. Elise Schloeder) .......... 19

Fission-track ages of zircons from Lonergan Creek (Shoreline Fossil Locality, Ash …

Plasmodium Falciparum Appears To Have Arisen As A Result Of Lateral Transfer Between Avian And Human Hosts, A. P. Waters, D. G. Higgins, T. F. Mccutchan

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

It has been proposed that the acquisition of Plasmodium falciparum by man is a relatively recent event and that the sustained presence of this disease in man is unlikely to have been possible prior to the establishment of agriculture. To establish phylogenetic relationships among the Plasmodum species and to unravel the mystery of the orign of P. fakiparum, we have analyzed and compared phylogenetically the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the species of malaria that infect humans as well as a number of those sequences from species that infect animals. Although this comparison confirmed the three established …

Nebline, December 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Ard News December 1990

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
SEASONS GREETINGS
GRANTSMANSHIP WORKSHOP
ESCOP LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT COURSE
GRADUATE STUDENT ENROLLMENT IN IANR-AFFlLIATED PROGRAMS - FALL 1990
THE CRP IN NEBRASKA
RESEARCH PROVISION OF THE 1990 FARM BILL
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES FOR FOOD
CSRS APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1991
1991 ESCOP RESEARCH INITIATIVE PRIORITIES
PROGRAM SIZE AND FY 1989 RESEARCH EXPENDITURES OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS

The Probe, Issue 106 - December 1990

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
DECEMBER 1990
Message from the President
NADCA Membership Meeting in Lincoln
1990 NADCA Membership Directory

Volume 4, No. 1-4 – December 1990

Insecta Mundi

Cover and Announcements

A Report On Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs In Nebraska, Their Biology, Behavior, Ecology, Management, And Responses To A Visual Barrier Fence, Nancy S. Foster

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

I examined the effects of a visual barrier fence, which had a see-through visibility of 600/0, on the foraging, vigilance, and aggressive behaviors of adult female black-tailed prairie dogs from June through August 1990 in central Nebraska. I also examined changes in their home ranges and use of an area in response to this fence. Prairie dogs prefer an open view of their surroundings. Therefore, I expected animals near a visual barrier to spend more time in vigilance and aggression, and less time foraging. Adult female prairie dogs exposed to the visual barrier devoted more time to foraging and less …

The Viral Envelope Gene Is Involved In Macrophage Tropism Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strain Isolated From Brain Tissue, Zhen-Qian Liu, Charles Wood, Jay Levy, Cecilia Cheng-Mayer

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) may represent a subgroup that displays a host cell tropism different from those isolated from peripheral blood and lymph nodes. One CNS-derived isolate, HIV-l_SF128A , which can be propagated efficiently in primary macrophage culture but not in any T-cell lines, was molecularly cloned and characterized. Recombinant viruses between HIV-1_SF128A and the peripheral blood isolate HIV-I_SF2 were generated in order to map the viral gene(s) responsible for the macrophage tropism. The env gene sequences of the two isolates are about 91.1% homologous, with variations …

The Viral Envelope Gene Is Involved In Macrophage Tropism Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strain Isolated From Brain Tissue, Zhen-Qian Lou, Charles Wood, Jay Levy, Cecilia Cheng-Mayer

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) may represent a subgroup that displays a host cell tropism different from those isolated from peripheral blood and lymph nodes. One CNS-derived isolate, HIV-l_SFl28A, which can be propagated efficiently in primary macrophage culture but not in any T-cell lines, was molecularly cloned and characterized. Recombinant viruses between HIV-l_SF128A and the peripheral blood isolate HIV-l_SF2 were generated in order to map the viral gene(s) responsible for the macrophage tropism. The env gene sequences of the two isolates are about 91.1% homologous, with variations …

Polymorphism Of Eimerian Oocysts Can Be A Problem In Naturally Infected Hosts: An Example From Subterranean Rodents In Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Since 1986, 364 tuco-tucos (Ctenomys spp.) representing 7 species were collected from 16 major collecting areas representing at least 4 distinct ecological habitats in Bolivia, South America. All were examined for coccidia, and 125 (34%) had oocysts in their feces including 84 of 236 (36%) Ctenomys boliviensis from tropical palm/savanna habitats; 1 of 3 (33%) C. conoveri from a chaco thorn forest; 3 of 7 (33%) C. frater from medium altitude grass habitats; and 6 of 8 (75%) C. lewisi and 31 of 35 (88%) C. opimus from high altitude/puna habitats. None of 3 C. …

Cytokeratin And Desmoplakin Analogues Within An Intracellular Parasite, Earl Weidner, Robin M. Overstreet, Bruce Tedeschi, John Fuseler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A significant amount of the total protein in the spore sacs of the microsporidian Thelohania sp. consisted of the cytoskeletal elements, cytokeratin intermediate filaments, and the desmosomal analogues. The cytokeratin and desmosomal analogues were organized as cage envelopes surrounding the spores within the spore sac stage. Thelohania sp. parasitizes the skeletal muscle of Callinectes sapidus, a crustacean that does not appear to have cytokeratins or desmosomes. Immunoprobe data indicate Thelohania sp. has a 240 kDa desmoplakin protein and 48, 51, 54 and 56 kDa cytokeratin polypeptides responsive to antibodies developed against bovine cytoskeletal counterparts. The cytoskeletal envelopes within the …

Introduction Of Robert B. Grieve As The Henry Baldwin Ward Medalist For 1990

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Transcript of the introduction of Robert B. Grieve as the American Society of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medalist for 1990, given by Daniel R. Brooks.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 22, No. 4. December 1990

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF GREATER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS IN COLORADO ▪ B. F. Van Sant and C. E. Braun

IMPORTANCE OF AN OLD, MULTIPLE-USE RESERVOIR TO MIGRATING AND WINTERING DABBLING DUCKS ▪ D. M. Leslie, Jr. , and W. J. Stancill

SIMILARITY OF MALLARD NESTING ON A SOUTH DAKOTA ISLAND BETWEEN 1967-68 and 1985-87 ▪ S. G. Simpson and D. Limmer

BOBCAT HABITAT USE IN SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA DURING PERIODS OF HIGH AND LOW LAGOMORPH ABUNDANCE ▪ B. J. Giddings, G. L. Risdahl, and L. R. Irby …

Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 90-26, November 9, 1990, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd, Lisa Brown Jasa

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

In This Issue

Weed Science

Accent/Beacon Use Poses Interaction Question .....................155

Weed Science Annual Index ....................156

Season Closes for IPW Newsletter ....................156

Insect Science

Deadline Monday for CPMU Preregistrations ....................157

Growers Surveyed about Chinch Bugs.................... 157

Insect Science (Con't)

Manual, Videotapes Teach Scouting, IPM Methods ....................157

Insect Science Annual Index ...................... 158

Plant Disease

Plant Disease Annual Index ....................159

Miscellaneous Index....................160

Wpa News 30 (1990), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (November 1990), number 30

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Alternative Methods Of Selection For Litter Size In Mice: I. Characterization Of Base Population And Development Of Methods, A. C. Clutter, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Studies on a base population of mice were used to establish an index of components of litter size and a physiological model for measuring uterine capacity to be used subsequently in a selection experiment evaluating alternative methods for practicing selection to increase litter size. Heritability estimates of litter size, ovulation rate and ova success (fraction of ova resulting in fully formed pups) were .18, .33 and .15, respectively. No significant genetic or phenotypic correlation was found between overall ovulation rate and ova success. Phenotypic means and genetic variances were higher for characteristics measured on the right than on the left …

Hydraulic Characteristics Of Rills, John E. Gilley, E. R. Kottwitz, J. R. Simanton

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Rill density and rill flow rates were determined during rainfall simulation tests conducted at 11 sites located throughout the eastern United States. A mean rill density of 1.0 rills/m was found for the study locations. From measurements of the relative distribution of flow rates, a procedure is identified for partitioning flow between individual rills.

Regression equations were developed for relating rill width and hydraulic roughness coefficients to flow rate. Equations were also derived for predicting mean flow velocity from visually determined measurements of advance velocity. Information reported in this study can be used to estimate hydraulic characteristics of rills.

Ridge Plant Systems: Fertility, Richard B. Ferguson, Charles A. Shapiro, Elbert C. Dickey, Gary W. Hergert

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The Soil Sample

The starting point for any fertilizer program, regardless of the tillage system, is obtaining a representative soil sample. Without knowing which nutrients are needed, the questions of what fertilizer and how much to apply become irrelevant. Two types of soil samples should be obtained: the traditional, zero to 8-inch sample for general fertility (pH, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, etc.) and deep, subsoil samples for nitrate. Subsoil samples for nitrate should be taken to a depth of at least 3 feet.

The problem of how to obtain a representative soil sample is particularly relevant in ridge-tilled fields. On …

Predictions Of Cell Damage Rates For Lifesat Missions, Francis A. Cucinotta, William Atwell, Alva C. Hardy, Michael J. Golightly, John W. Wilson, Lawrence W. Townsend, Judy Shinn, John E. Nealy, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Radiological experiments with cell cultures are expected to be performed on Lifesat to study possible gravitational dependence on cellular response. Predictions of cell damage rates for well-studied systems are expected to help guide in the selection of orbits and the design of experiments. In this report we estimate the fractions of cell death and neoplastic transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells (cultured mouse cells) for the proposed Lifesat orbits. The parametric cellular track model of Katz et al. (refs. 1 and 2) is employed using cellular response parameters derived from the experiments of Yang et al. (refs. 3 and 4). The contributions …

Risk-Based Oversight Of Experiments In The Environment, Henry I. Miller, Robert H. Burris, Anne K. Vidaver, Nelson A. Wivel

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The new biology has come of age. Basic research in fields ranging from immunology to plant biology has been transformed so as to be almost unrecognizable to those whose biology education ended before 1970. The spillover into commercial development likewise has been remarkable. Hardly a week passes without news of some new advance in an area such as therapeutics, vaccines, or plants and animals for food, feed, or fiber. These uses of biotechnology in "contained" laboratories, pilot plants, greenhouses, and production facilities have engendered little controversy. The National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA have exempted from …

Effects Of Ethanol Extraction And Heat Treatment Of Soybean Flakes On Function And Morphology Of Pig Intestine, J. D. Hancock, E. R. Peo Jr., A. J. Lewis, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Digesta and tissue samples were collected from the intestinal tracts of 27 pigs to determine the relationship between intestinal morphology and the utilization of nutrients from soybean flakes. Soybean flake treatments were under-, intermediate- and overprocessed (Le., 5, 20 and 60 min of autoclaving) either without extraction or with heating before or after extraction with a 55% ethanol-water mixture. Final BW was greatest (P< .001) for pigs fed soybean flakes given 20 min of heat treatment. There was a trend (P < .09) for plasma lysine concentrations to be reduced when the unextracted soybean flakes were over-processed (60 min of heat). Differences in the flow rate of DM and N through the ileum and colon reflected differences in DM and N intake, rather than differences in intestinal function. The soybean flake treatments had no effect (P > .OS) on pH of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, ileum or colon. The ethanol extraction process increased (P < .001) N digestibility of the soybean flakes, especially when the soybean flakes were underprocessed (interaction, P < .02). Villus size (area, height and perimeter length) tended to be greater in pigs fed the soybean flakes heated after extraction and(or) exposed to the intermediate level of heat treatment. Indicators of villus shape (villus area/ villus height) and proliferative activity (crypt depth and villus heigh/crypt depth) were not affected by soybean flake treatment (P > .OS). Ethanol extraction and heat treatment affected the utilization of nutrients …

New Species Of Andrya And Paranoplocephala (Cestoidea: Anoplocephalidae) From Voles And Mole-Rats In Israel And Syria, Jeanne M. Fair, Gerald D. Schmidt, Guta Wertheim

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Andrya rauschi n. sp. from Microtus guentheri differs from all other species in testes number (22-40) and distribution. Andryar auschi is superficially similar to Paranoplocephala omphalodes but differs in the development of the uterus. Paranoplocephala nevoi n. sp. from Spalax ehrenbergi, is most similar to Paranoplocephala gundii,/i> and Paranoplocephalaja nickii but differs in the number of testes (26-44). Paranoplocephala nevoi differs from the remaining species in the distribution of testes and in having unilateral genital pores.