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The Probe, Issue 162 – January/February 1996

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Trapping Weasels-- James E. Forbes, Past President
From the Incoming President-- Eugene A. LeBoeuf
NADCA Membership Directory
• Draft NADCA Position Statements on Wildlife Reintroduction Aquaculture Regulated Hunting Trapping Wildflife Damage Management
NADCA Committees

1996 Nebraska Swine Report, Duane E. Reese

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating Departments for use in Extension,Teaching and Research programs. It deals with the results that were done in reproduction, breeding, health, nutrition, economics and housing of swine.

Pqf News: Newsletter Of The Partridge, Quail, And Francolin Specialist Group 7-12 (1996-1998), Iucn Species Survival Commission, Birdlife International, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

The purpose of the newsletter is to receive details of new projects, re-assessments of the status of relevant species, interesting discoveries or observations, taxonomic changes, conservation successes or threats and anything else that members might find interesting. We would like in future issues to produce a list of relevant publications which appear during the year in order to keep members up-to-date with current information. We will publish requests for contacts or information, advertisements for conferences and workshops and news of projects and project proposals.

Issue 7 (Autumn 1996)

Foreword by John P. Carroll

In focus: Punjab Wildlife Research and Training …

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter Newsletter, February 1996

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter: Newsletters

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE - Loyd L. Young, President, Nebraska Chapter

BIENNIAL CONCLAVE HIGHLIGHTS - Earl F. Ellington

NEWS FROM THE HISTORIAN - Charles H. Adams

INITIATION AND A WARDS BANQUET RECIPIENTS November 12, 1995

GAMMA SIGMA DELTA ORDERING INFORMATION PRICE LIST 1996

GAMMA SIGMA DELTA 1996 COMMITTEES

Cuticular Hydrocarbons Of Glacially-Preserved Melanoplus (Orthoptera: Acrididae): Identification And Comparison With Hydrocarbons Of M. Sanguinipes And M. Spretus, Bruce D. Sutton, David A. Carlson, Jeffrey A. Lockwood, Richard A. Nunamaker

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The cuticular hydrocarbons of four groups of grasshoppers were identified and quantified by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS), including samples of: 1) a modern species, M. sanguinipes (Fabricius), 2) a morphologically similar extinct species, M. spretus Walsh, 3) 650- year old fragments recovered from a receding glacier in southwestern Montana, and 4) 140-year old whole bodies from a glacier in northwestern Wyoming.

G96-1296 Gear Up And Throttle Down -- Saving Fuel, Robert Grisso, David P. Shelton, Kenneth Von Bargen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

"Gear Up and Throttle Down" is a fuel-saving practice suitable for light drawbar loads (less than 65 percent of full power) when reduced PTO speed is not a problem.

For the most efficient operation, a tractor's engine should be operated near its rated capacity. However, there are many field operations (such as light tillage, planting, cultivating, and hay raking) that do not require full tractor power. This is especially true when older implements, which were sized for a smaller tractor, are used with higher horsepower tractors. Also, many operations should be performed at a fixed field speed.

For these lighter …

Variability In Volume Metering Devices, Leonard L. Bashford, Abdeljabar Bahri, K. Von Bargen, Michael F. Kocher

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The inherent variability of seed and fertilizer application from volumetric metering devices is not readily recognized. The Canadian Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute (P AMI) suggests a maximum coefficient of variation (CV) of 15% among outlets for seeding grain or applying fertilizer. P AMI does not report down-the-row variability of individual outlets. Parameters that influence variability of volumetric measuring external fluted wheels such as rotational speed of the metering wheel, product delivery rate, seed size, and cell collection lengths were examined.

In the first study, external fluted wheel meters on four grain drills were tested for seed delivery variability for wheat …

Use Of Expected Progeny Differences For Marbling In Beef: I. Production Traits, B. A. Vieselmeyer, Richard J. Rasby, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Rick Stock, James A. Gosey

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Six Angus bulls with HIGH (>.4) and six bulls with LOW (<-.16) expected progeny differences (EPD) for marbling were used to evaluate the impact of marbling on progeny production and carcass traits. Bulls were randomly bred to MARC II (¼ Hereford, ¼ Simmental, ¼ Angus, ¼ Gelbvieh) composite cows in each of 2 yr to calve in the spring. At weaning, steers and heifers were separated and managed in different production systems. Steers (n = 131) were fed a growing diet (1.1 Mcal of NE_g/kg) for 48 d followed by adaptation to a 93% concentrate finishing diet. Heifers (n = 125) were fed a growing diet (.79 Mcal of NE_g/kg) for 191 d followed by adaptation to the same 93% concentrate diet. Steers and heifers from each treatment were slaughtered at two times spaced about 60 d apart within both years. Marbling EPD class had no effect on fat thickness, USDA yield grade, carcass weight, finishing daily gain, finishing DMI, or finishing efficiency ( P > .18). More ( …

Use Of Expected Progeny Differences For Marbling In Beef: Ii. Carcass And Palatability Traits, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Richard J. Rasby, Rick Stock, B. A. Vieselmeyer, James A. Gosey

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the effect of EPD for marbling on marbling score, palatability traits, and carcass fatness in beef. Steer (n = 122) and heifer (n = 123) carcasses were obtained by mating Angus bulls having a high (>.4) or low (<-.16) EPD for marbling to MARC II cows (¼ Angus, ¼ Hereford, ¼ Simmental, and ¼ Gelbvieh). Carcass traits, composition of primals, quarters, and sides, palatability, and shear force data were obtained and adjusted to the mean number of days on feed, equal marbling score (Small⁵⁰) , fat thickness (1.0 cm), and carcass weight (318 kg) end points. Steer carcasses from the high marbling EPD group, adjusted to the mean number of days on feed, had significantly more marbling ( P < .01) and less subcutaneous fat in the side and the hindquarter ( P < .10) than their low marbling EPD counterparts. Adjusting steers to Small50 marbling produced smaller longissimus muscle area (by 5 cm²) , less fat thickness (1.15 vs 1.28 cm), and lighter side weights (306 vs …

Changing Dose Of Progesterone Results In Sudden Changes In Frequency Of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses And Secretion Of 17Β-Estradiol In Bovine Females, E. G. M. Bergfeld, F. N. Kojima, Andrea S. Cupp, M. E. Wehrman, K. E. Peters, V. Mariscal, T. Sanchez, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the time course according to which changes in circulating concentrations of progesterone influence pulsatile secretion of LH and secretion of 17β-estradiol. Our working hypothesis was that changing the dose of progesterone would result in changes in frequency of LH pulses and secretion of 17β-estradiol within 72 h. Five days after behavioral estrus, thirty-three cows were randomly assigned to one of five groups: 1) control, no treatment (CONT, n = 5); 2) treatment with two progesterone-releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs) for 11 days (2PRID, 5-6 ng/ml plasma progesterone, n = 7); 3) treatment …

Transcriptional Regulation Of Sertoli Cell Differentiation By Follicle-Stimulating Hormone At The Level Of The C-Fos And Transferrin Promoters, Jaideep Chaudary, Patricia D. Whaley, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One of the primary endocrine hormones that influence the onset of Sertoli cell differentiation at puberty and help maintain differentiation in the adult testis is FSH. FSH can modulate the majority of Sertoli cell differentiated functions, including stimulation of the iron-binding protein transferrin. Previous studies have shown that FSH alters the levels of cAMP and the immediate early gene c-fos. The current study was designed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of Sertoli cell differentiation by examining the actions of FSH on the promoter of the immediate early gene c-fos and the promoter of the downstream differentiated function gene transferrin. …

The Complete Nucleotide Sequence And Genome Organization Of The M Rna Segment Of Peanut Bud Necrosis Tospovirus And Comparison With Other Tospoviruses, Satyanarayana Tatineni, S. E. Mitchell, D. V. R. Reddy, S. Kresovich, R. Jarret, R. A. Naidu, S. Gowda, J. W. Demski

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The M RNA of peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV; synonym groundnut bud necrosis virus) is 4801 nucleotides in length. It comprised two ORFs in an ambisense organization and terminal inverted repeats. The 3' large ORF (3363 nucleotides in the virus-complementary strand) encoded a protein with a predicted size of 127.2 kDa which was identified as the glycoprotein precursor (GP) of the G1 and G2 glycoproteins. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of GP revealed 37 % identity and 58-59% similarity with that of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, serogroup I) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV, serogroup III), …

Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus: Purification Of Nucleocapsids And Sequence Homology Of Nucleocapsid Protein And Glycoprotein Precursor With Other Tospoviruses, Satyanarayana Tatineni, S. E. Mitchell, D. V. R. Reddy, S. Brown, S. Kresovich, R. Jarret, S. Gowda, R. A. Naidu, J. W. Demski

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A procedure for the purification of peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) nucleocapsids was developed. Virus particles were treated with nonionic detergent to disrupt the envelope membrane and free nucleocapsids were separated. into three lightscattering zones after sucrose gradient centrifogation. Nucleocapsids from the top zone contained S RNA and traces ofM RNA; whereas, nucleoplasids from the middle zone contained M RNA with detectable levels of S RNA and those from the bottom zone contained L RNA with traces of M and S RNAs. Clones from a cDNA library made from the purified PBNV Sand M RNAs were characterized and sequenced. Comparison …

Diagnosis And Resistance Breeding Of Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus, D. V. R. Reddy, Satyanarayana Tatineni, S. L. Dwivedi, A. S. Ratna, A. A. M. Buiel, G. V. Ranga Rao, S. N. Nigam, R. A. Naidu, H. T. Hsu, J. W. Demski

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The occu!fence of peanut bud necrosis (PBN) disease in India was first reported in 1968. The high incidence ofPBN disease during the 1960s coincided with largescale imports of the peanut cultivars Asiria Mwitundae and Spanish Improved, both of which are highly susceptible to PBN. Since then, a number of reports have been published in India describing bud necrosis under at least seven different names (Reddy 1988). Crop losses due to PBN have been estimated at USD89 million per year in India during 1976-1986. The disease is also currently recognized as economically important in Nepal (Sharma 1996), in Sri Lanka, and …

Fumonisins And Alternaria Alternata Lycopersici Toxins: Sphinganine Analog Mycotoxins Induce Apoptosis In Monkey Kidney Cells, Hong Wang, Clinton Jones, Janice Caiacci-Zanella, Todd Holt, David G. Gilchrist, Martin B. Dickman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Fusarium moniliforme toxins (fumonisins) and Alternaria alternata lycopersici (AAL) toxins are members of a new class of sphinganine analog mycotoxins that occur widely in the food chain. These mycotoxins represent a serious threat to human and animal health, inducing both cell death and neoplastic events in mammals. The mechanisms by which this family of chemical congeners induce changes in cell homeostasis were investigated in African green monkey kidney cells (CV-1) by assessing the appearance of apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and putative components of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis. Structurally, these mycotoxins resemble the sphingoid bases, sphingosine and sphinganine, that …

Humankind's Greatest Gift: On The Innateness Of Language, Tina Brown

Nebraska Anthropologist

Although the environment has an effect on the quality of language development, the fact that language is limited to the human species, that neurological structures of the brain specialize in language functions, and that universal characteristics of language and language development occur independently of environmental factors suggests that human language has a definite biological component.

Busy Corporations: The Effects Of Corporations On The Environment And The Public, Markus Craig

Nebraska Anthropologist

This paper is the result of one semester's research into the external costs of corporate structure, detailing some of the corporate business practices, their inherent implications, and effects on the environment and on people. This paper helps unravel the adversarial relationship between modem corporations and the environmental and labor movements in the US, concentrating on a survey of the literature of the last two decades and isolates some major themes fundamental to an understanding of this important debate.

Overgrazing: Is A Solution Available?, Brian Osborn

Nebraska Anthropologist

Overgrazing is a growing problem which results in land degradation and a loss of habitat for local wildlife. This paper reviews overgrazing and reviews the degradation it causes, comparing the Sahel region in Africa to the Great Plains of the United States. Both areas have an enormous problem with overgrazing, a problem unlikely to be solved by technology. The only solution lies in a change of attitude and practice by the human population.

Application Of The Single Kernel Wheat Characterization Technology To Sorghum Grain, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, C. R. Martin, F. C. Felker, J. L. Steele

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A single kernel wheat characterization system (SKWCS) was recently developed by the USDA, ARS Grain Marketing Research Laboratory and is currently being marketed by Perten Instruments North America, Inc. This device has been shown to accurately measure individual seed hardness, moisture, and size of wheat. The objective of this study was to determine if the SKWCS technology could be applied to the measurement of sorghum grain. Grains from 64 sorghum plots grown at Mead, NE in 1992 were characterized using a prototype SKWCS at the USDA, ARS Grain Marketing Research Laboratory. Problems encountered were primarily associated with the single kernel …

Sequential Sampling Plans For The Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In Oilseed Sunflower, Chengwang Peng, Gary J. Brewer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Decision making on control of the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, requires a reliable and efficient method for classifying the pest population. The objective of this study was to develop sequential sampling plans for red sunflower seed weevil control in oilseed sunflower. Sequential classification sampling plans were developed from Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) by using a negative binomial distribution. Operating characteristic and average sample number functions were computed for a range of k values. Two sampling plans were developed for the economic thresholds of six and eight weevils per sunflower head, based on a k value …

Population Genetics And Gene Variation Of Stable Fly Populations (Diptera: Muscidae) In Nebraska, Allen L. Szalanski, David B. Taylor, Richard D. Peterson Ii

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Genetic variation in stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.),populations from Nebraska, Canada, and Texas was sampled. Four of 12 allozyme loci were polymorphic, with an average of 1.7 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.086 and 0.070,respectively. Nei's genetic distance between populations averaged 0.001 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.005. Wright's F statistics revealed greater variation within than among populations. Allele frequencies were homogeneous among temporal samples from a single population. Polymerasechain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR—RFLP) analysis of 6.4 kb of the mitochondrial DNA genome with 16 restriction enzymes revealed no variation in stable fly populations from Canada, …

Identification Of Screwworm Species By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, David B. Taylor, Allen L. Szalanski, Richard D. Peterson Ii

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in polymerase chain reaction amplified fragments (PCR-RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA were used to differentiate species of New World screwworms (Diptera : Calliphoridae) . Twenty-seven restriction enzymes were screened on five regions of mtDNA . Eleven restriction fragment length patterns differentiated New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) . Five restriction fragment length patterns were polymorphic in C. hominivorax while all fragment patterns were fixed in C. macellaria. Diagnostic restriction fragment length patterns were used for species diagnosis, whereas intraspecific variable patterns were used to characterize field samples and laboratory strains …

Teaching Negotiation And Adr: The Savvy Samurai Meets The Devil, John Barkai

Nebraska Law Review

Negotiation pervades the life of a lawyer. This article discusses some unique approaches I use as part of an experiential learning approach to teaching negotiation and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) skills, which emphasizes communication skills.

I. Introduction

II. The Angels & Devils: The Limiting Perspective

III. The Orange Conflict

IV. The Ugli Orange Negotiation ... A. The Student Simulation ... B. Competitive Bargaining with Cardoza ... C. The Ugli Orange Video ... D. Ugli Orange Transcript

V. Talking Like a Duck: Effective Communication for Conflict Resolution

VI. The Samurai Communicator

VII. Communication Training with a Foreign Influence

VIII. Communication Skills …

Extracting Ecological And Biophysical Information From Avhrr Optical Data: An Integrated Algorithm Based On Inverse Modeling, B. H. Braswell, D. S. Schimel, J. L. Privette, B. Moore Iii, W. J. Emery, E. W. Sulzman, A. T. Hudak

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

Satellite remote sensing provides the only means of directly observing the entire surface of the Earth at regular spatial and temporal intervals.

Seasonal Influences On Freshwater Fisheries Sampling Data, Kevin L. Pope, David W. Willis

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Fisheries managers often assess fish populations using catch per unit effort (CPUE), size and age structure, growth, and condition. For many freshwater fishes and common sampling gears, CPUE, size and age structure, and condition are highest in the spring and fall, while growth commonly is fastest during the summer growing season. However, there are exceptions to these general trends, especially in populations with erratic recruitment, growth, or mortality. At the least, CPUE, size and age structure, growth, and condition of fish should be expected to change with season, given the effects of variable recruitment, growth, and mortality. However, if recruitment, …

Mitochondrial D-Ioop Pcr-Rflp's Detect High Variability In A Paddlefish (Polyodon Spathula) Population, Ronald L. Bromley

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

The paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) is an evolutionarily ancient, long-lived, highly migratory, cartilaginous fish native to the Missouri, Mississippi and several Gulf Coast drainages (Gengerke, 1986; Russell, 1986). Paddlefish populations have declined along with a concomitant reduction in their range partly due to impoundments, channel alterations and overharvesting. To address some of the problems that arise when restoration of a species such as paddlefish is undertaken, genetic analysis becomes necessary. To ensure that stocking programs are maximized, inbred and conversely, genetically unique fish populations must be identified. Previous genetic analysis was either biochemically performed or at the DNA-level. Livers were removed …

1996 Ecological Evaluation Cunningham Creek Potential Research Natural Area, A Final Report, Terri Hildebrand

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The Cunningham Creek potential Research Natural Area (RNA) is located approximately 27.2 km (17 miles) east-southeasterly of Crawford, Nebraska or 40 km (25 miles) southwesterly of Chadron, Nebraska. Located on the Pine Ridge District of the Nebraska National Forest, the site is included in the Pine Ridge ecosystem of western Nebraska. Four hundred hectares (1000 acres) consisting of deciduous woodlands, pine forests, and upland prairies are located in the survey area. Inclusions of wet meadows, oak woodland, and aquatic systems intermingle in the deciduous woodland. Cattle grazing and recreation are the primary uses of the area. The purpose of this …

A New Species Of The Genus Rhogeessa, With Comments On Geographic Distribution And Speciation In The Genus, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert J. Baker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

A new species of Rhogeessa is described from southern Suriname. The new species is characterized by a karyotype that possesses a diploid number of 52 and a fundamental number of 52 and by its relatively large overall size compared to other South American Rhogeessa. Tenspecies are now recognized within the genus. Seven of these species, including the one described herein, are members of R. tumida complex. Two of these species--R. io and R. minutilla--also occur in South America and the remaining four species are confined to Mexico and Central America.

Development Of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In Sand Containing Varying Amounts Of Manure Solids And Moisture, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

House flies, Musca domestica L., developed in 200 cm³ of coarse sand containing just 1 ml (0.47%) of dairy manure solids and 10 ml (4.74%) of moisture. At these levels, development was slow (21.5 d from 1st instar to adult), adult survival was low (7.5%), but successful development did occur. At higher manure and moisture levels, rates of development and survival were similar to those reported previously. All soil samples collected from a feedlot dairy contained higher levels of manure solids than the highest level tested in the laboratory. The implications for fly control in soil/manure mixtures and the …

Changes In The Freshwater Mussel Community Of Lake St. Clair: From Unionidae To Dreissena Polymorpha In Eight Years, Thomas F. Nalepa, David J. Hartson, Gerald W. Gostenik, David L. Fanslow, Gregory A. Lang

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

To determine density changes in both the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and native mussels, Unionidae, in Lake St. Clair, surveys were conducted in 1990, 1992, and 1994 and compared to a similar survey in 1986 when no D. polymorpha was found. Collection methods were the same each year; divers used the quadrat method to collect 10 replicate samples at 29 sites located throughout the lake. The total number of unionids collected declined from 281 in 1986, to 248 in 1990, 99 in 1992, and 6 in 1994, while the number of species collected in each of the four respective …