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Life Cycle Of Calyptospora Funduli (Apicomplexa: Calyptosporidae), John W. Fournie, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Robin M. Overstreet, William E. Hawkins

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The taxonomic status of the extraintestinal piscine coccidium Calyptospora funduli is based in part on its requirement of an intermediate host (the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio). In the present study, grass shrimp fed livers of Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) infected with sporulated oocysts of C. funduli exhibited numerous sporozoites suspended in the intestinal contents when fresh squash preparations were examined by light microscopy. Using this method, sporozoites were not seen in intestinal epithelial cells of the grass shrimp or in any other cell types. Ultrastructural examination, however, revealed sporozoites in the cytoplasm of the gut basal …

Reproductive Biology Of Cobia, Rachycentron Canadum, From Coastal Waters Of The Southern United States, Nancy J. Brown-Peterson, Robin M. Overstreet, Jeffrey M. Lotz, James S. Franks, Karen M. Burns

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Reproductive biology of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is described from four coastal areas in the southern United States. Samples were obtained from recreational fishermen between December 1995 and November 1997 from the southeastern United States (Morehead City, NC, to Cape Canaveral, FL), the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Ft. Myers to Crystal River, FL), the north-central Gulf of Mexico (Destin, FL, to Chandeleur Islands, LA) and the western Gulf of Mexico (Port Aransas, TX). Histological evidence of spawning occurred from April through September in all areas. Some female cobia (17-32%) throughout the Gulf of Mexico had spent or regressed ovaries …

Syncoelium Vermilionensis Sp. N., (Hemiuroidea: Syncoeliidae) And New Records For Members Of Azygiidae, Ptychogonimidae, And Syncoeliidae Parasitizing Elasmobranchs In The Gulf Of California, Stephen S. Curran, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During July-September 1993 and May 1996, a survey of the metazoan parasites of 817 elasmobranchs from the Gulf of California, representing 42 species, was conducted at 14 sites along the western portion of the Gulf of California. Elasmobranchs were obtained from local commercial fishers. In this paper, we report all digeneans collected during the survey, excluding the gorgoderids, which will be presented in a subsequent paper. Four species from three hemiuroid families were collected, none of which was known previously from the Gulf of California. Syncoelium vermilionensis sp. n. (Syncoeliidae), a species that differs most notably from its congeners by …

Variation In Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Captures In Pheromone Traps Arising From Wind Speed Moderation By Brush Lines, Thomas W. Sappington, Dale W. Spurgeon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Paired trap lines of Þve boll weevil pheromone traps each were placed on opposite sides of a brush line at six different sites on a plantation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Temperature, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored with a nearby weather station. We observed a strong negative relationship between mean daily wind speed and total daily capture of boll weevils. About half of the day-to-day variation in weevil captures was explained by wind speed alone. In addition, our data indicate that much of the variation between traps within days may arise from differences in local …

Improving Warm-Season Forage Grasses Using Selection, Breeding, And Biotechnology, Kenneth P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant breeding is human-directed evolution. Plant breeders manipulate the genetic resources of a species, i.e., its germplasm, to produce plants that are of increased value to humanity. Although humans have successfully manipulated the genetic resources of plants and animals for several thousand years, the science of genetics was not developed until this century. Breeding work on most forage grasses in the USA did not began until the 1930s and initial work was focused on developing strains that had good establishment capability, persistence, high forage and seed yields, and good insect and disease resistance. These are essential attributes of forages (Burton, …

Haying, Tillage, And Nitrogen Fertilization Influences On Infiltration Rates At A Conservation Reserve Program Site, Brian J. Wienhold, Donald L. Tanaka

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Effect of haying (hayed or not hayed prior to tillage), tillage (no-tillage, minimum tillage, or conventional tillage), and N fertilization (0 or 67 kg ha^‒1) on surface infiltration rates, Q(h), was evaluated for Conservation Research Program (CRP) site conversion. Soils included Amor loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustoll) and Cabba silt loam (loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid, shallow Typic Ustorthent). In reference plots Q(h) increased from 1995 to 1997 (27.2 ± 3.2 vs. 36.4 ± 2.9 mm h^‒1 at 50-mm tension, 10.9 ± 1.2 vs. 20.6 ± 1.4 mm h^‒1 at 100-mm tension, and 4.1 …

Review Of The Longitarsus Asperifoliarum Group Of Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), Alexander S. Konstantinov, Igor K. Lopatin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Longitarsus asperifoliarum species group is reviewed. Four new species are de- scribed: L. hissaricus Lopatin, new species (Tadzhikistan), L. marguzoricus Konstanti- nov, new species (Tadzhikistan), L. tishechkini Konstantinov, new species (Kazakhstan), and L. violentoides Konstantinov, new species (Armenia). Longitarsus afghanicus Lo- patin is elevated to species status from its former status as L. asperifoliarum afghanicus. A key to the species and diagnostic characters for the group are provided. The setation of the apical and preapical abdominal tergites of females is recognized as a novel source of characters. Host plant and distributional data are included.

Identification And Differentiation Of Tilletia Indica And T. Walkeri Using The Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reid D. Frederick, Karen E. Snyder, Paul W. Tooley, Yvette Berthier-Schaad, Gary L. Peterson, Morris R. Bonde, Norman W. Schaad, David A. Knorr

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Karnal bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia indica, was found in regions of the southwestern United States in 1996. Yield losses due to Karnal bunt are slight, and the greatest threat of Karnal bunt to the U.S. wheat industry is the loss of its export market. Many countries either prohibit or restrict wheat imports from countries with Karnal bunt. In 1997, teliospores morphologically resembling T. indica were isolated from bunted ryegrass seeds and wheat seed washes. Previously developed PCR assays failed to differentiate T. indica from the recently discovered ryegrass pathogen, T. walkeri. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.3 …

Laboratory And Field Testing Of Seed Spacing Uniformity For Sugarbeet Planters, Jonathan W. Panning, Michael F. Kocher, John A. Smith, Stephen D. Kachman

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Five planter configurations were evaluated for seed spacing uniformity at three field speeds using a seed location method in the field and a laboratory method involving an opto-electronic sensor system. Planter seed spacing uniformity was described using the Coefficient of Precision (CP3) measure. Results showed that CP3 measures determined using the laboratory test method were significantly different from those determined using the field test method. This indicated the laboratory test method cannot be used to predict planter seed spacing uniformity in the field. Seed spacing uniformity determined in laboratory tests was higher than, or equal to, seed spacing uniformity determined …

Oxygen Metabolism In Plantlbacteria Interactions: Characterization Of The Oxygen Uptake Response Of Plant Suspension Cells, C. Jacyn Baker, E. W. Orlandi, Kenneth L. Deahl

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In recent years the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been studied in plant cell suspension systems treated with bacterial pathogens. However, the associated utilization of molecular oxygen has not been well characterized. Using a multi-electrode oxygen analyser, the rates of oxygen consumption by tobacco cells during bacterial interactions were monitored. Heat-killed (HK) bacteria, which initiate an immediate ROS response in plant cells, were used as an elicitor to avoid complications of oxygen consumption by viable bacteria. An increase in oxygen uptake by the tobacco cells occurred within 4 min after addition of HK-bacteria and lasted for about 10 …

Inhibition Of Cysteine And Aspartyl Proteinases In The Alfalfa Weevil Midgut With Biochemical And Plant-Derived Proteinase Inhibitors, Stephen E. Wilhite, Thomas C. Elden, Joze Brzin, Ann C. Smigocki

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Proteolytic activities in alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) larval midguts have been characterized. Effects of pH, thiol activators, low-molecular weight inhibitors, and proteinase inhibitors (PIs) on general substrate hydrolysis by midgut extracts were determined. Hemoglobinolytic activity was highest in the acidic to mildly acidic pH range, but was maximal at pH 3.5. Addition of thiolactivators dithiothreitol (DTT), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), or l-cysteine had little effect on hemoglobin hydrolysis at pH 3.5, but enhanced azocaseinolytic activity two to three-fold at pH 5.0. The broad cysteine PI E-64 reduced azocaseinolytic activity by 64% or 42% at pH 5 in the presence or …

Pheasants Status Survey And Conservation Actin Plan, 2000-2004, Richard A. Fuller, Peter J. Garson, World Pheasant Association, Birdlife International, Iucn-Ssc Pheasant Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Executive Summary

This Action Plan covers the pheasants, a group of one African species and 50 Asian ground-dwelling birds, found within Asia from the Caucasus in the west, through the Indian Subcontinent and the Himalayas to eastern China and Japan. They also occur through Southeast Asia to Flores, east of Java. They are largely dependent on forested habitats, making them highly vulnerable to deforestation and habitat degradation. As large, ground-dwelling birds they are also widely hunted for food, plumage, and the live bird trade. Consequently, many species are threatened. The first version of this Action Plan was published to cover …

Annual Review Of The World Pheasant Association 1999/2000, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

President's message, Keith C. R. Howman

Chairman's report, Richard P. Howard

Annual report of Council 1999/2000

Treasurer's annual report and accounts, Ian F. Hoggarth

Conservation Committee report, Philip J. K. McGowan

Chapters and Affiliate reports

Pheasant Specialist Group report, Peter J. Garson

Partridge, Quail and Francolin Specialist Group report, John P. Carroll

Grouse Specialist Group report, Ilse Storch

Megapode Specialist Group report, René W. R. J. Dekker

Cracid Specialist Group report, Daniel M. Brooks and Stuart D. Strahl

WPA-South Asia Field Office report, Rahul Kaul

Himalayan mountain quail in India: living or extinct? Tahmina Shafiq, Salim Javed, and Rahul Kaul …

Galliformes 2000: Proceedings Of The 2nd International Galliformes Symposium (September 24-October 1, 2000 : Kathmandu And Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal), Maureen Woodburn, Philip J. Mcgowan, John P. Carroll, Abbas Musavi, Zhang Zheng-Wang

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Plenary presentation

Molecular genetics and the conservation of threatened birds, David Parkin

Country overviews

Overview of the Galliformes of Nepal and their conservation status, Hem Sagar Baral

Conservation of lndian Galliformes through the Important Bird Areas approach, Farah Ishtiaq, Supriya Jhunjhunwala, M. Zafar-ul-Islam and Asad R. Rahmani

Status, distribution and conservation efforts of pheasants in Myanmar with special emphasis on Blyth's tragopan, Kyaw Tint and Khin Maung Zaw

Distribution and conservation status of Galliformes in Bangladesh, Md. Sohrab Uddin Sarker and Noor Jahan Sarker

Recent infonnation on the status and conservation of Galliformes in Cambodia, Tan Setha and Pich Bunnat …

Quail Iv: Proceedings Of The Fourth National Quail Symposium (May 6-9, 1997 : Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida), Leonard A. Brennan, William E. Palmer, Loren W. Burger Jr., Teresa L. Pruden

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Fourth Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr. Memorial Game Bird Lecturer: Dr. G. R. Potts, Leonard A. Brennan

FOURTH STODDARD MEMORIAL GAME BIRD LECTURE

Using the Scientific Method to Improve Game Bird Management and Research: Time, G. R. Potts

QUAIL POPULATION RESPONSES TO HABITAT MANAGEMENT AND CHANGE

Habitat Use by Breeding Northern Bobwhites in Managed Old-Field Habitats in Mississippi, Jimmy D. Taylor, II and Loren W. Burger, Jr.

Habitat Management for Northern Bobwhites in Wisconsin: A Long-Term Assessment, LeRoy R. Petersen, Robert T. Dumke, and Barbara F. Duerksen

Effects of Filter Strips on Habitat Use and Home Range of Northern Bobwhites on …

Review Of Genes And The Environment By R. H. Burdon, Valery E. Forbes

Valery Forbes Publications

How diverse aspects of an organism’s environment influence the structure and function of its genes is of profound importance for understanding the molecular basis of evolution as well as the causes of disease, cancer and aging. Genes and the Environment addresses these issues from a molecular biological perspective. The author covers both natural environmental influences, such as extreme temperatures and water stress, as well as humancaused environmental influences, such as exposure to toxic chemicals. The author makes an effort to compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems and highlights distinctions between major groups of eukaryotes e.g., plants versus animals. to …

Epistemological Realities: Archival Data And Disciplinary Knowledge In The History Of Sociology—Or, When Did George Elliott Howard Study In Paris?, Michael R. Hill

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

This supplement is published in conjunction with the Interim Meeting of the International Sociological Association, Research Committee on the History of Sociology (RCHS) in Torun, Poland, June 1-4, 2000. As many of my colleagues from the United States travel to Europe this summer for the interim meeting in the historic city of Torun, it seems especially appropriate to recall the trans-Atlantic educational adventures of one of our American sociological pioneers.

George Elliott Howard (1849-1928), president of the American Sociological Society in 1917, was one of those American scholars who recognized the value of European training at a time when opportunities …

Three New Hesperioidae (Hesperiinae) From South Carolina: New Subspecies Of Euphyes Bimacula, Poanes Aaroni, And Hesperia Attalus, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Euphyes bimacula arbogasti is described as a new subspecies from Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States. It is known from only a few widely scattered colonies in the coastal swamp forests of the southeastern United States from Georgia to southeastern North Carolina. It is darker then E. b. bimacula and E. b. illinois. Poanes aaroni minimus is described as a new subspecies from Bull Swamp, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. This unique inland subspecies is presently known only from the type locality. It is darker then P. a. aaroni and P. a. …

New Approach To Estimating Bull Fertility, R. L. Ax, M. E. Bellin, H. M. Zhang, H. E. Hawkins

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Breeding soundness evaluations (BSE) are conducted to qualify bulls as potential satisfactory breeders. Guidelines for acceptable measures of scrotal circumference, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and the frequency of sperm with morphological abnormalities are compiled and published by the American Society for Theriogenology (Chenoweth et al., 1992). Unfortunately, according to statistics available from USDA, only 40% of eligible bulls are subjected to a BSE. In the real world, bulls with identical outcomes in terms of physical quality of semen will still vary in actual fertility whether used for natural mating or artificial insemination (A.I).

Cow Adaptability And Carcass Acceptability – Are They Compatible?, James A. Gosey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Obviously cows have to be bred to fit their environment/resource base and their progeny have to produce desirable consumer beef. However, genetic antagonisms between traits and other management factors result in mismatches that occur between optimum cow fitness and optimum carcass fitness. Fortunately the knowledge base that can be used to manage some of these mismatches has grown in recent years. Given time, effort, and commitment, a rancher can develop an action plan to produce not a perfect fit, but a profitable compromise between "cow goals" and "carcass goals".

Opportunities To Recapture Demand For Beef, Andrew Gottschalk

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Since 1976, the total supply of red meat and poultry has increased 63%. However, all of the gains since 1976 have been the domain of the competing meats. During 1998, beef production approximated the record production of 1976. This was accomplished with approximately 28 million fewer cattle (100M) than in 1976 (128M). The entire reduction in cattle inventories is offset by an increase in average annual carcass weight. During the period 1990-1998, beef production increased 3.1 billion pounds, pork increased 3.7 billion pounds, chicken increased 9.0 billion pounds and turkey increased 660 million pounds. In total during the 1990-1998 period, …

Managing Forage Resources For Bigger Profits, Kit Pharo

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Our ranch is known as Pharo Cattle Company and is located eight miles north of Cheyenne Wells, which is on the central high plains of Eastern Colorado. This is short-grass country with very limited and unpredictable rainfall. We have a commercial cow herd, as well as a registered cow herd. Our seedstock program consists of Red Angus, Black Angus, Tarentaise, and Composites. Our Composite cattle are 50% Tarentaise, 30% Red or Black Angus and 20% Hereford.

Since our ranch provides our only source of income, our ranching practices must be both sustainable and profitable. Recently I've heard a lot of …

Sharing The Range – What Diseases Do Wild Ruminants And Beef Cattle Share?, Elizabeth S. Williams

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Our western rangelands support a wide variety of species including ruminants that are exquisitely suited to make use of these renewable resources. Domestic ruminants utilizing these rangelands include cattle, domestic sheep, and less frequently, at least in the northern Great Plains and intermountain west, domestic goats. Wild ruminants, in numbers, variety, and quality not found anywhere else in North America, include mule deer, pronghorn, and elk. White-tailed deer frequent the riparian areas, moose are found in low numbers in forest lands, bighorn sheep inhabit rough breaks and the higher altitudes, and free-ranging bison are found around the national parks in …

Vaccines And Dewormers – Do We Need Them All?, Dale M. Grotelueschen

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Consumers are the ultimate beneficiaries of improved animal health. Costs and potential benefits from use of vaccines and dewormers affect returns to individual producers or operations as well as the beef industry as a whole. Vaccines that positively influence average daily gain, improve carcass quality, lower costs of production and improve efficiency, and that reduce treatments, decreasing reliance on antibiotics, and that decrease treatment costs contribute to success of the beef industry.

Consideration for use by individual operations often involves shorter time perspectives, especially if cattle are marketed or if products administered affect only production systems on the premises. When …

Lifetime Effects Of Respiratory And Liver Disease On Cattle, Bill Epperson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In cattle, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the main systems affected with disease. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) contributes the majority of illness and death loss in the feedlot segment. Historically, 15-45% of feedlot cattle have been affected with BRD, with 1-5% of total cattle placed dying of BRD (Kelly 1986). Respiratory disease, alone, accounts for 44.1% of deaths in beef feedlot cattle (Vogel 1994). Apart from death loss, the Texas Ranch to Rail Program has suggested that clinical disease (most of which is BRD), even if treated successfully, results in treatment cost ($37.90/affected), decreased average daily gain (0.21 lb/d, …

Development Of Multibred Genetic Evaluation, Jerry Lipsey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

There are several important reasons the beef industry needed to develop multibreed genetic evaluation capabilities:

• Multibreed analyses procedures do a better job of evaluating breeding values of individuals with two or more breeds in their pedigree.

• This new technology provides information that more closely matches the potential genetics in current and future beef production systems.

• U.S. Beef Producers want to alternate breeds to take advantage of crossbreeding and biological type complementarity.

• The beef industry wants to utilize composite seedstock that benefit from seedstock production heterosis and provide heterosis in commercial production systems.

• The long term …

Can Cow Adaptability And Carcass Acceptability Both Be Achieved?, R. D. Green, T. G. Field, N. S. Hammett, B. M. Ripley, S. P. Doyle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Over the past couple of decades, the beef cattle industry has become a confusing place to exist. Messages have been conveyed to producers at a fast and furious pace. This would not be a problem if these messages were consistent and if they were compatible with each other, yet this is far from the real situation. Daryl Tatum has been known to occasionally coin the term to describe confusion as “someone being lost in his/her own fog”. Unfortunately, this verbage very accurately describes the beef cattle production environment of the 1990s.

Enhancing Management Decisions – History Of The Decision Evaluator For The Cattle Industry, Barry Dunn, T. G. Jenkins, C. B. Williams

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Ranch management is the decision making process of resource allocation for a business enterprise that manages natural resources, animals and capitol to meet goals of profitability and sustainability. While this brief sentence captures the essence of ranch management, simplicity is hardly one of ranch decision-making's characteristics. The diagram in Figure 1 has been used to describe the challenge of ranch management as a web of information and complex interrelationships that influence the viability of a beef cattle enterprise. While even this diagram simplifies the complexities faced by ranchers as they grapple with decisions, it does add sensitivity and understanding.

Biochemical And Biophysical Analysis Of The Intracellular Lipid Binding Proteins Of Adipocytes, Melanie A. Simpson, Vince J. Licata, Natalie Ribarik Coe, David A. Bernlohr

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Adipocytes express two lipid-binding proteins; the major one termed the adipocyte lipid-binding protein or aP2 (ALBP/aP2) and a minor one referred to as the keratinocyte lipid-binding protein (KLBP). In order to evaluate the potential physiological roles for these proteins, their biochemical and biophysical properties have been analyzed and compared. ALBP/aP2 and KLBP exhibit similar binding affinities for most long-chain fatty acids; however, ALBP/aP2 exhibits a two to three-fold increased affi nity for myristic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, the predominant fatty acids of adipocytes. As measured by guanidinium hydrochloride denaturation, the stability of ALBP/aP2 is nearly 3 kcal/mol greater than …

Parasites And Parisitic Diseases (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Rebecca A. Cole, Milton Friend

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Parasitism is an intimate relationship between two different species in which one (parasite) uses the other (host) as its environment from which it derives nourishment. Parasites are a highly diverse group of organisms that have evolved different strategies for infecting their hosts. Some, such as lice and ticks, are found on the external parts of the body (ectoparasites), but most are found internally (endoparasites). Some are microscopic, such as the blood protozoans that cause avian malaria; however, many are macroscopic. Life cycles differ greatly between major types of parasites and are generally classified as direct or indirect (Table 1). Direct …