Digital Commons Network^™

Synlophe Of Nematodirus Neotoma (Trichostrongyloidea), Eric P. Hoberg, Lora G. Rickard, Gary L. Zimmerman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe of Nematodirus neotoma from Neotoma spp. is characterized. The cervical synlophe is composed of 30-32 and 36-42 ridges in males and females, respectively. Of these, 14 and 20-22 ridges are continuous in the cervical zone and extend to the base of the cephalic expansion. Six pairs of lateral ridges are discontinuous but extend greater than one-third the length of the cervical region. In both males and females, the number of ridges increases posteriad, terminating near the bursa in the male, and extending the entire length of the body in the female. The synonymy of N. neotoma and N. …

Description Of Gracilacus Harnicaudata Sp. N. (Nemata : Criconematidae) With Biological And Histopathological Observations, Ignacio Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obese criconematid females and larvae forming colonies were detected under the root cortex attached to the vascular cylinder of redwood roots, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. These specimens have been determined to represent a new species of Criconematidae, Grmilacus lzanzicaudata sp. n. Mature females are obese at midbody but posteriorly the body is constricted and hooked shaped with a rounded tail terminus. Annuli are conspicuous only anteriorly and posteriorly. The cephalic region has four submedian lobes and a circular oral disc. The vulval-lips protrude and the lateral field is marked with four lines. Eggs are partially embedded in a mucoid-like …

Key To Acanthocephala Reported In Waterfowl, Malcolm Edwin Mcdonald,

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This is the third part of a continuing series on helminths reported in waterfowl (McDonald 1974, 1981). Coots and moorhens (in Family Rallidae, Order Gruiformes) are included with the Anatidae of Anseriformes. The goal of these studies is complete coverage of waterfowl helminths of the world, although the original incentive-inadequate knowledge of the parasites of North American waterfowl- is less true now. World coverage is desirable because the world distribution of the family, tribes, and even many species of waterfowl often results in world distribution of parasites. The format of this key follows that of the others in the series: …

Activation Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus By Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, Jeffrey M. Ostrove, John Leonard, Karen E. Weck, Arnold B. Rabson, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and some of its immediate-early genes stimulate expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and the replication of HIV itself. To demonstrate this, the HIV LTR was linked to the indicator gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and transfected into Vero cells with or without the trans-activating gene (tat) of HIV. Infection of these cells with HSV-1 strain KOS or temperature-sensitive mutant tsB2l or tsE6 resulted in a large increase in CAT activity in the absence of tat and further augmentation in the presence of tat. This stimulation was seen at …

Population Dynamics Of The Parasites In Fundulus Zebrinus In The Platte River Of Nebraska, John J. Janovy Jr., Eugene Lee Hardin

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The population dynamics of 7 parasite species or ecotypes were studied in the plains killifish, Fundulus zebrinus, at a single collection site in the South Platte River of Nebraska, U.S.A., for 5 yr. Parasites were: Myxosoma funduli (gill), Trichodina sp. (gill), Gyrodactylus bulbacanthus (gill), Urocleidus fundulus (gill), Gyrodactylus stableri (body surface), and Neascus sp. (= Posthodiplostomum; eyes and body cavity). Parasite densities, prevalences, and variance/mean ratios are reported for 22 samples, totaling 447 fish, over the summer months. Positive correlations were obtained between density and both standardized prevalence and log-transformed variance. Urocleidus fundulus populations were relatively stable with …

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Insectivores. Iii. Seven New Species In Shrews (Soricidae: Soricinae) From Canada, Japan, And The United States, Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Since May 1979, 458 shrews (Blarina sp. and Sorex spp.) representing 20 species collected in Canada, Japan, and the United States were examined for coccidia; 110 (24%) had oocysts in their feces, including 8 of 21 (38%) B. brevicauda from Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Vermont; 2 of 7 (29%) S. caecutiens from Hokkaido and Honshu; 14 of 63 (22%) S. cinereus from Colorado, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Manitoba, and Ontario; 3 of 7 (43%) S. fontinalis from Pennsylvania; 11 of 16 (69%) S. fumeus from Massachusetts, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Ontario; 1 of 4 (25%) S. haydeni from Minnesota; …

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome In Children: Report Of The Centers For Disease Control National Surveillance, 1982 To 1985, Martha F. Rogers, Pauline A. Thomas, E. Thomas Starcher, Mary C. Noa, Timothy J. Bush, Harold W. Jaffe

United States Public Health Resources

Since national surveillance for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began in 1981, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has received reports of more than 20,000 cases of AIDS in the United States. As of December 31, 1985, 307 of these cases had been diagnosed in children younger than 13 years of age. The number of cases is increasing rapidly. The number of cases reported in 1985 more than doubled those reported in 1984. The major risk factors in children for acquiring infection with the causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were (1) having a mother known to be infected and/or at …

G87-833 Culture Of Iris, Don Steinegger, Anne Streich

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Iris culture emphasizes the best in site selection, planting, winter care and protection, and control of insects and diseases.

The iris is one of the most popular and beautiful of the garden flowers. With the range in plant type, size, and adaption, there is an iris for almost any location.

More than 200 species of iris have been found in the wild. From these species thousands of varieties have been named and made available. Plant size ranges from about 6 inches in the miniatures to more than 3 feet in the large types. Flowers can be 1 or 2 inches …

Corrigendum: Revision Of The Name Eimeria Palustris Hertel And Duszynski, 1987, From Shrews (Sorex Spp.), Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In the paper on shrew coccidians that appeared in the February 1987 issue of the Journal (Hertel and Duszynski, 1987, Journal of Parasitology 73: 172-183) we named one of our new species Eimeria palustris. Dr. N. D. Levine (University of Illinois) kindly informed us that the name E. palustris is preoccupied by an eimerian described from the rice rat, Oryzomys >palustris (Barnard, Ernst, and Stevens, 1971 , Journal of Parasitology 57: 1,293-1,296). We would like to rename the form we saw Eimeria longirostris for the specific name of the host in which the species was most prevalent.

Productive, Persistent Infection Of Human Colorectal Cell Lines With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Akio Adachi, Scott Koenig, Howard Gendelman, Daryl Daugherty, Sebastiano Gattoni-Celli, Anthony Fauci, Malcom A. Martin

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Thirteen adherent human non-lymphocyte cell lines were tested for their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus. Productive infection could be demonstrated in three of five colorectal carcinoma cell lines examined; the other eight human non-lymphocyte cell lines were uninfectible. A susceptible colon carcinoma cell line (HT29), as well as normal colonic mucosa, was shown to contain a 3.0-kilobase species of poly(A)⁺ CD4 RNA, whereas uninfectible colon carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines synthesized no detectable T4 RNA. A persistently infected colon carcinoma cell line was established that continued to produce progeny human immunodeficiency virus for more than 10 weeks …

Biochemical And Immunological Systematics Of Some Ascaridoid Nematodes: Genetic Divergence Between Congeners, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Vertical starch gel electrophoresis and trefoil immunodiffusion were used to study the systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes. Within the Ascarididae, the time scale of divergence was too great for intergeneric electrophoretic comparisons. Congeneric electrophoretic comparisons of Baylisascaris procyonis (host- raccoon) versus Baylisascaris transfuga (host- Black bear), and Toxocara canis (host- domestic dog) versus Toxocara cati (host- domestic cat) yielded Nei genetic distance coefficients of 1.21 and 1.55, respectively. Estimates of times of divergence made from 1 electrophoretic clock calibration suggest that the Baylisascaris species have not shared a common ancestor for 25 million years (Myr), and that the Toxocara species …

Late Fall Transmission Of Nematodirus Battus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) In Western Oregon, Lora G. Rickard, Eric P. Hoberg, Gary L. Zimmerman, Jannell K. Erno

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Studies on Nematodirus battusCrofton and Thomas, 1951, have shown a marked seasonality in the pattern of transmission. The life cycle normally involves only one parasitic generation per year. The infective third-stage larvae develop over the summer within eggs deposited on pasture. Eggs are sensitized by low temperatures during fall and winter; larval hatching follows in the presence of adequate moisture and proper osmotic conditions as the temperature rises above 10°C. This set of conditions, conducive to hatching, is regularly present only during spring; thus, hatching of eggs is concentrated into a few weeks during this time. Outbreaks of clinical …

Helminth Parasites Of Coprolites, Scott Lyell Gardner, Karen H. Clary

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Parasites from Bighorn Sheep Cave coprolites were examined for the presence of parasites using standard methods. Both Toxascaris and Enterobius were identified from coprolites recovered from the cave. Both human and non-human coprolites were identified.

Morphometric Analysis Of Anguina Amsinckiae From Three Host Species, Dan James Pantone, John A. Griesbach, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Amsinckia species (fiddleneck) in the South Coast Ranges of California were surveyed to determine if any of the 12 different California species of Amsinckia are hosts of the nematode, Anguina amsinckiae (Steiner and Scott, 1935) Thorne, 1961. Previously only Amsinckia intermedia Fischer and Meyer was reported as a host of Anguina amsinckiae. The survey established that there are at least two additional hosts of Anguina amsinckiae: Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehmann and Amsinckia gloriosa Suksdorf. Seven sites containing nematode-infected Amsinckia plants were discovered. Every site contained two or more species of Amsinckia; however, only one site contained more than …

Meloidogyne Californiensis N. Sp. (Nemata: Meloidogyninae), Parasitic On Bulrush, Scirpus Robustus Pursh, Fawzia Abdel-Rahman, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Meloidogyne californiensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from bulrush Scirpus robustus in California. LM and SEM studies revealed that this species differs from other known species in the genus Meloidogyne especially by the prominent posterior cuticular protuberances in the female, the distinct shape of the perineal pattern which is marked by one prominent stria in the perineum, indistinct lateral lines, many broken discontinuous striae on both sides of the arch, and the excretory pore being located posterior to stylet base. Second-stage juveniles 448-628 μm long, stylet length 11-13 μm, styler delicate, with small knobs sloping posteriorly, cephalic region with …

Hirschmanniella Pomponiensis N. Sp. (Nemata: Pratylenchidae), Parasitic On Bulrush, Scirpus Robustus Pursh, Fawzia Abdel-Rahman, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of Hirschmanniella was found in bulrush roots; LM and SEM morphological studies revealed that it is distinct from other species in the genus. Therefore, it is designated Hirschmanniella pomponiensis n. sp. Six lips are fused to form a hexagonal labial plate, six inner sensilla encircle the stoma opening, and four cephalic sensilla open in the corners of subdorsal and subventral lips. Cephalic lip region consists of six or seven annuli. The female has incomplete areolation in the lateral field, the intestine overlaps the rectum, the tail tip is pointed and without annulation.

Embryonic And Postembryonic Development Of Meloidogyne Californiensis Abdei-Rahman & Maggenti, 1987 [Research Note], Fawzia Abdel-Rahman, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The embryonic and postembryonic development of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are well known and have been studied in detail. These studies have indicated that the ontogeny of rootknot nematodes is characterized by five developmental stages separated by four molts. In 1987, Abdel-Rahman and Maggenti described a new root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne californiensis on bulrush (Scirpus robustus Pursh) in California. The objective of this note is to provide information on the ontogeny of M. californiensis.

A Reappraisal Of Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. The Family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926), Renaud Fortuner, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The family Anguinidae is redefined. The families and subfamilies Nothotylenchidae/nae, Sychnotylenchidae/inae, Halenchidae/inae, Pseudhalenchinae, Ditylenchidae/nae, Cynipanguininae, Neoditylenchinae, Nothanguininae and Thadinae are rejected. The genera Anguina, Halenchus, Ditylenchus, Pseudhalenchus, Sychnotylenchus, Thada, Subanguina, Cynipanguina, and Pterotylenchus are recognized as valid in Anguinidae. Chitinotylenchus is a genus inquirendum or incertae sedis in Anguinidae. The following new synonyms are proposed: Nothotylenchus, Boleodoroides and Orrina synonyms of Ditylenchus; Nothanguina synonym of Anguina; Afrina and Mesoanguina synonyms of Subanguina; and Neoditylenchus synonym of Sychnotylenchus. Hypotheses on the evolution within Anguinidae are presented. A tabular key is includetod help identify the valid genera. …

A Reappraisal Of Tylenchina (Nemata) 1. For A New Approach To The Taxonomy Of Tylenchina, Michel Luc, Armand R. Maggenti, Renaud Fortuner, Dewey J. Raski, Etienne Geraert

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During the last three decades plant-parasitic nematodes have received increasing attention. This was due mainly to the discovery during the years between 1943-1953 of the first efficient nematicides, DD, EDE and DBCP. This discovery gave a strong impetus to established nematology laboratories and led to the establishment of laboratories in previously "virgin," or nearly so, territories. As a result, there was an increase in the number of nematologists and taxonomic activity. This is particularly true in those areas new to nematology, because the soil fauna is virtually unknown and taxonomy is one of the few activities fitting with limited material …

Helminth Remains From Prehistoric Indian Coprolites On The Colorado Plateau, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard H. Hevly, Glenn A. Anderson

Karl Reinhard Publications

Examination of coprolites excavated from archaeological sites in the Americas demonstrates excellent preservation of helminth eggs and, in some cases, larvae. To gain an understanding of helminth parasitism in prehistory on the Colorado Plateau of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, 319 coprolites from 5 archaeological sites were analyzed. Helminth eggs and larvae were recovered after the coprolites were rehydrated, screened, and sedimented. At a sixth site, soils excavated from 5 rooms used as latrine areas were processed with palynological techniques. The results indicate that all but 1 of the prehistoric populations examined were infected with intestinal worms. The helminths implicated …

Reviewed Of Coevolution In Parasitic Arthropods And Mammals Edited By Ke Chung Kim (Wiley, 1985), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Coevolution of Parasitic Arthropods and Mammals, edited by Ke Chung Kim (Wiley, 1985).

Eulimdana Rauschorum N. Sp., A Filarioid Nematode (Lemdaninae) From Larus Dominicanus In Antarctica, With Comments On Evolution And Biogeography, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eulimdana rauschorum n. sp. is described from southern black-backed gulls, Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein in Antarctica. The species is most similar to Eulimdana lari (Yamaguti, 1935) from Charadriiformes in the Holarctic. Males have spicules equal in length that are asymmetric in structure distally. There are 4-5 and 3-5 caudal papillae in rows to the right and left of the anus, and two small genital papillae at the posterolateral margin of the anus. Females have a variable number of prominent caudal papillae and large microfilariae (365 μm in length). The morphological similarities and host distribution of E. rauschorum and E. lari suggest …

Natural And Experimental Infection With An Attaching And Effacing Strain Of Escherichia Coli In Calvest, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gnotobiotic calves were inoculated with an 05:K4:H^-, urease-positive strain of Escherichia coli isolated from a 2-day-old calf with diarrhea. The calves developed elevated temperatures and passed loose mucoid feces, with or without blood. The E. coli strain was negative for heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins but produced high levels of Shiga-like toxin. Bacteria attached diffusely to the epithelium of the large intestine and multifocally to the epithelium of the ileum. The duodenum and jejunum were not affected. At the sites of bacterial attachment, microvilli were effaced, enterocytes were degenerate, and necrosis and exfoliation had occurred. These results confirm a …

Production Of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Retrovirus In Human And Nonhuman Cells Transfected With An Infectious Molecular Clone, Akio Adachi, Howard E. Gendelman, Scott Koenig, Thomas Folks, Ronald Willey, Arnold Rabson, Malcom A. Martin

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We constructed an infectious molecular clone of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus. Upon transfection, this clone directed the production of infectious virus particles in a wide variety of cells in addition to human T4 cells. The progeny, infectious virions, were synthesized in mouse, mink, monkey, and several human non-T cell lines, indicating the absence of any intracellular obstacle to viral RNA or protein production or assembly. During the course of these studies, a human colon carcinoma cell line, exquisitely sensitive to DNA transfection, was identified.

The Incidence Of Cryptosporidial Infections In Nebraska Dairy Calves, Douglas Lee Varner

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Within the last decade a new etiologic agent has been identified as a possible cause of diarrhea in humans and domestic animals—that being the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of Cryptosporidium in the state of Nebraska, to determine if Cryptosporidium occurs more frequently in association with other enteropathogens and to determine about the relation of scouring in the calves to infection with Cryptosporidium. A total of 620 fecal samples from 334 dairy calves from 71 herds in Nebraska were examined for cyptosporidial oocysts using the Sheather’s sugar flotation …

Polymorphism Of Eimerian Oocysts: A Dilemma Posed By Working With Some Naturally Infected Hosts, Brent B. Parker, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Morphological variation of sporulated oocysts within individual eimerian species is well documented (Joyner, 1982. In Biology of the Coccidia, P. L. Long (ed.). University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 35-62). In some cases, oocysts of a single eimerian species are known to vary in size by as much as 40% during patency (Duszynski, 1971, Journal of Parasitology 57: 948-952). During a survey to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) wintering in New Mexico (Parker and Duszynski, 1986, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21: 25-35), marked polymorphism was observed among sporulated oocysts of Eimeria reichenowi. …

Tropism Of Sheep Lentiviruses For Monocytes: Susceptibility To Infection And Virus Gene Expression Increase During Maturation Of Monocytes To Macrophages, Howard E. Gendelman, Opendra Narayan, Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf, Peter G. E. Kennedy, Zahra Ghotbi, J. E. Clements, Jeff Stanley, Gholam Pezeshkpour

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Visna lentiviruses have a natural tropism for cells of the macrophage lineage of sheep and goats, but virus replication in these cells in vivo is restricted so that only small quantities of virus are produced. One restricting factor suggested in previous studies is that virus replication is dependent on the maturity of the cells: the more mature the cell, the less restrictive the replication of the virus. Since monocytes in peripheral blood are precursors of macrophages, we investigated the effect of cell maturation on virus replication under limited control conditions in vitro by inoculating blood leukocytes with virus and retarding …

Salmon Poisoning Disease: Research On A Potential Method Of Lethal Control For Coyotes, Jeffrey S. Green, Brad R. Leamaster, William J. Foreyt, Roger A. Woodruff

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Salmon poisoning disease (SPD) was tested as a potential method of lethal control for coyotes (Canis latrans). Fresh fish containing the agents for SPD was fed to 72 captive adult coyotes. Coho (Oncorhunchus kisutch) and steel head salmon (Salmo gairdneri) from Oregon hatcheries were the principal species of fish used. Coyotes that ate the fish developed observable signs of SPD in a mean of 8 days. The overall rate of mortality was 50%, and death occurred in a mean of 20 days from consuming fish. Coyotes that died from SPD lost a mean of …

An Integrated Approach To Bubonic Plague Control In A Southwestern Plague Focus, Curtis E. Montman, Allan M. Barnes, Gary O. Maupin

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 12th (1986)

Plague is widespread among rodents and their fleas in the western United States, but most human cases occur in several definable, ecologically unique, and geographically limited high risk areas in the Southwest and Pacific Coast states. Control strategies to prevent human cases in high risk areas must vary from one epizootic focus to another, depending on such basic ecological factors as rodent/flea species involved; their distribution, abundance, seasonality, and relationship with the plague organism; climatic factors that affect transmission; the lifestyles of human residents; and others. This paper briefly summarizes preliminary results of a long-term program to define human risk …

Two New Species Of Ascometra Kholodkovskii, 1912 (Cestoda: Paruterinidae) From The Kori Bustard, Choriotis Kori (Burchell), In Kenya, Ann M. Adams, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Ascometra choriotidis n. sp. and Ascometra scheuermani n. sp. are described from a Kori Bustard, Choriotis kori (Burchell) (Gruiformes: Otididae), captured in Kenya. The two species are distinguished from Ascometra gutterae (Baylis, 1914) and Ascometra numida (Fuhrmann, 1909) (formerly placed in the genus Octopetalum Baylis, 1914) by the much larger number of testes in each segment. Ascometra choriotidis differs from Ascometra vestita Kholodkovskii, 1912, in the smaller proportional size of the cirrus sac, which extends mediad across less than half the space between the margin of the segment and poral ventral longitudinal excretory canal. From A. vestita and A. choriotidis …