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Status Of Bovine Tuberculosis In North America, M. A. Essey, M. A. Koller

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The eradication of bovine tuberculosis from North America is in the advanced stages as Canada and the United States struggle to remove the last vestiges of the disease from the domestic livestock population. Canada realistically anticipates total eradication from the national cattle herd within the next few years. The United States must yet effectively deal with the increased tuberculosis exposure potential from imported steers and from bovine tuberculosis newly discovered in its captive cervid industry. This paper reviews the history and development of tuberculosis eradication programs in North America. The basic evolution is described from area testing to slaughter surveillance …

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Volume 3-1, Winter 1994/1995

Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre: Newsletters and Publications

Ecology of Waterfowl Botulism
Responses to the Questionnaire to Readers
Mycoplasma gallisepticum in House Finches in the Eastern United States
Unusual observations of harp and hooded seals
Morbillivirus infection (canine distemper) in a bobcat
Cerebral nematodiasis in a bobcat
Stranding of two bottlenose whales in the St. Lawrence estuary
Prevalence of parasitic cataracts in St. Lawrence River fish
Rupture of a dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary trunk in a beluga whale from the St. Lawrence Estuary
Tularemia in beavers
Ring-billed gulls - False Duck Island
Lead poisoning in loons
Salmonella and Campylobacter in gulls
Other observations
Mortality patterns in orphaned …

G94-1201 Feeding The Dry Cow, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses feeding management of the dry cow for optimum performance during the next lactation.

Dry Cow Management Goals

Every dairy producer's goal for the milking herd should be to maximize feed intake and milk production -- profitably. Proper dry cow management provides the foundation for a successful lactation.

A New Coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) In The Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Talpoides) And A Comparison Of Oocyst Survival In Hosts From Radon-Rich And Radon-Poor Soils, P. G. Wilber, K. Mcbee, D. J. Hafner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Forty (93%) of 43 northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) from the Jemez Mountains, Sandoval County, New Mexico (USA), had coccidian oocysts in their feces when examined. We describe this parasite, Eimeria jemezi, n. sp. Sporulated oocysts were subspheroidal, 13.3 by 12.2 (10 to 17 by 9 to 15) ım, with sporocysts ellipsoidal, 7.1 by 4.4 (5 to 9 by 4 to 5) μm; micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but polar bodies, Stieda bodies and sporocyst residua were present. All gophers were collected from two sites of similar habitat 7 km apart. One site (R+) had a …

The Role Of A Wildlife Reservoir In The Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis, D. U. Pfeiffer

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The objective of this project was to study the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the presence of a wildlife reservoir species. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of possum populations with endemic bovine tuberculosis infection were analyzed. The results were used to develop a computer simulation model of the dynamics of bovine tuberculosis infection in possum populations. A case-control study of breakdowns to tuberculosis infection in cattle herds in the Central North Island of New Zealand was conducted to identify risk factors other than exposure to tuberculosis in local possum populations.

Haemophilus Parainfluenzae Endocarditis: Application Of A Molecular Approach For Identification Of Pathogenic Bacterial Species, Kamal A. Hamed, Philip R. Dormitzer, Catherine K. Su, David A. Relman

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is both a human oropharyngeal commensal bacterium and a cause of serious invasive disease. The fastidious growth characteristics of this organism and the poor specificity of traditional methods for species identification are likely to have led to inaccuracies in the diagnosis of infections caused by H. parainfluenzae and related organisms. We report a case of H. parainfluenzae endocarditis in which confusion related to microbial identification was resolved by the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. Rapid identification was facilitated by amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA directly from cultured cells with use of the polymerase chain reaction …

Cultural Considerations In The Experience Of Aging: Two African Cultures, Patricia Draper, Henry Harpending

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

We have three general conclusions to emphasize as well as an observation about aging in these [!Kung and Herero] societies that we believe deserves elaboration:

1. Old people are treated well in both these groups but not because they are scarce. Both the !Kung and the Herero are low-fertility populations so the proportion of the total population that is old is high in both groups.

2. Old people do not appreciate what appears to be the good (!Kung) and superb (Herero) social support that they receive. They have nothing good to say about being old. While we perceived very positive …

Morphometric Analysis Of Enteric Lesions In C3h/Hen Mice Inoculated With Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Serotypes 2 And 4 With Or Without Oral Streptomycin Pretreatment, Jagannatha V. Mysore, Gerald Duhamel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The segmental distribution and sequential progression and the role of the indigenous bacterial flora in the development of enteric lesions associated with Serpulina hyodysenteriae infection in laboratory mice have not been defined. We examined the distribution and sequential morphometric changes in the large intestine of mice orally inoculated with S. hyodysenteriae serotypes 2 and 4. To determine the role of colonization resistance conferred by the indigenous bacterial flora, 40 female C3H/HeN mice were administered water alone or water containing 5 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate ad libitum for seven days prior to orogastric inoculation either with S. hyodysenteriae or sterile trypticase soy …

Sanitation And Parasitism At Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

One focus of historical archaeology at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, West Virginia, is tracing the development of sanitation at the town through the 1800s and 1900s. Historical documentation indicates that there was a degree of resistance to the modernization of village sanitation. This study attempts to verify this resistance through examination of privy soils for parasites indicative of fecalborne disease, specifically the helminth species Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. The presence of these parasites in the early 1900s would indicate that fecal-borne disease due to poor sanitation continued to be an aspect of town life. The analysis revealed the …

Otitis Media, Mastoiditis, And Infracranial Lesions In Two Plains Indian Children, Robert W. Mann, Douglas W. Owsley, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

One disease condition that is common to nearly all children is otitis media, also known as middle ear disease. Although most people speak of it as a middle ear "infection," other causes such as neoplasm (tumor) can result in manifestations and symptoms mimicking an infectious process. This paper presents findings related to osseous lesions in two Indian children, approximately three to five years of age, who died with otitis media and infracranial lesions. Through macroscopic and radiographic analysis, it is possible to show that one child probably suffered from tuberculosis and the other from histiocytosis X. From an epidemiological and …

Trade, Contact, And Female Health In Northeast Nebraska, Karl Reinhard, Larry Tieszen, Karin L. Sandness, Lynae M. Beiningen, Elizabeth Miller, A. Mohammad Ghazi, Christiana E. Miewald, Sandra V. Barnum

Karl Reinhard Publications

Most scholars are understandably preoccupied with the impact of Europeans on native peoples who were passive, unwilling, or resistant participants in that contact. We present in this chapter a different case. The Missouri River tribes, including the Omaha and Ponca, willingly engaged in relations with Euramericans, especially in the fur trade that dominated interaction in this region. The time frame for this study is 1780- 1820, a period when interaction between individual traders and Native Americans was replaced by the dominance of the American Fur Company in organized exploitation of the Missouri River lands and peoples. This involvement later contributed …

New Records Of Bolivian Mammals, Jorge A. Salazar-Bravo, Mariel Campbell, Sydney Anderson, Scott Lyell Gardner, John L. Dunnum

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We present new records of occurrence and distribution for two species of didelphid marsupials and one species of echimyid rodent. Specimens were obtained from May through August 1991 and June through August 1992 in a study of mammalian diversity of Bolivia, a joint project between the Colección Boliviana de Fauna in La Paz, the Museum of Southwestern Biology (University of New Mexico), the American Museum of Natural History (New York), the Museo “Noel Kempff Mercado” de Historia Natural in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, and the University of California at Davis. This project is an attempt to strength Bolivian collections …

Hepatocellular Neoplasm In A Wild-Caught Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon Variegatus) From The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Marcos F.T. Oliveira, William E. Hawkins, Robin M. Overstreet, William W. Walker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, is a widely distributed small fish species that inhabits estuaries and inshore waters from New England to northern South America. This species has been used extensively in aquatic environmental toxicity and carcinogenicity tests (Couch et al., 1981; Courtney and Couch, 1984). Hepatic neoplasms have been induced in the sheepshead minnow by exposure to several known chemical carcinogens including diethylnitrosamine (Couch and Courtney, 1987), methylazoxymethanolacetate (Hawkins etal., 1985), and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (Hawkins et al., 1991). Because of its widespread distribution, limited home range, and proven sensitivity to carcinogens, the sheepshead minnow appears to be …

Improving Vaccine Utilization On The Ranch/Farm, David L. Morris

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Improving vaccine utilization on the ranch or farm begins with a better understanding of common terms used in discussing products or methods used to enhance the animal's ability to prevent or control disease. The following terms and definitions are presented for that reason.

Calf Scours: Prevention And Treatment, Franklyn Garry

Range Beef Cow Symposium

There are numerous causes of disease and death in nursing beef calves. Within the first several days of life, the leading causes of beef calf disease are metabolic and behavioral problems, many of which are the direct or indirect result of dystocia. Thereafter, the most common calfhood problems are infectious diseases. Infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal system account for the overwhelming majority of calf disease and death in the United States. Gastrointestinal diseases tend to be most common within the first month of life, while the respiratory diseases tend to be more important after that time.

There are numerous …

Review Of Evolution And The Recognition Concept Of Species: Collected Writings By Hugh E. H. Paterson And Edited By Shane F. Mcevey (Johns Hopkins University, 1993), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Evolution and the Recognition Concept of Species: Collected Writings by Hugh E. H. Paterson and Edited by Shane F. McEvey (Johns Hopkins University, 1993).

Ctenascarophis Lesteri N. Sp. And Prospinitectus Exiguus N. Sp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) From The Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus Pelamis, John L. Crites, Robin M. Overstreet, Molly Maung

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two cystidicolid nematodes, Ctenascarophis lesteri n. sp. and Prospinitectus exiguus n. sp., are described from the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, from Fiji, New Caledonia, Marquesas Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Puerto Rico. The former species differs from Ctenascarophis gastricus, the only other member of the genus, by having comb rows extending farther posterior than two-thirds the body length, to the anus in the female; it also has differently distributed spines on each comb, with a maximum of 32 rather than 8. The male has 7 rows of precloacal longitudinal crests; 3 pairs of precloacal, 1 pair …

Comparative Study Of Adaptive Radiations With An Example Using Parasitic Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Cercomeria), Daniel R. Brooks, Deborah A. Mclennan

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Studies of adaptive radiations require robust phylogenies, estimates of species numbers for monophyletic groups within clades, assessments of the adaptive value of putative key innovations, and estimates of the frequency of speciation modes. Four criteria are necessary to identify an adaptive radiation within the parasitic platyhelminths: (I) a group contains significantly more species than its sister group, (2) species richness is apornorphic , (3) apomorphic traits enhance the potential for adaptively driven modes of speciation (sympatric speciation and speciation by peripheral isolation via host switching), and (4) the frequency of adaptively driven speciation modes is high within the group when …

Contraception In Domestic And Wild Animal Populations Using Zona Pellucida Lmmunogens, Bonnie S. Dunbar

Contraception in Wildlife Management

The human population presently exceeds 6 billion and is continuing to expand at a startling rate. This population increase has resulted in the depletion of Earth's resources, which are essential for human survival. An unfortunate consequence of this expansion has been the destruction of wildlife habitats. As these habitats have diminished, numerous problems have arisen, including conflicts between wildlife and human populations. The threat of extinction of many plant and animal species has already become a reality; other wildlife populations have increased due to reductions in predator populations. While the increase in the human population must ultimately be checked, there …

Considerations For Lmmunocontraception Among Free-Ranging Carnivores: The Rabies Paradigm, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Charles E. Rupprecht

Contraception in Wildlife Management

The raging North American controversy over the reintroduction of wolves into the ecosystem of the greater Yellowstone National Park area exemplifies the emotive relationship between humankind and the Carnivora. What forces act in concert to portray this much maligned Order in unfavorable light? Control of free-ranging carnivore populations by Homo sapiens has been practiced for centuries as part of a pastoral lifestyle, with the intent of protecting one's own life and livelihood from becoming freshly killed prey in the onslaught from mammalian competitors. Traditionally, control is equated most commonly with population reduction through direct elimination of individuals (e.g., typically social …

Delivery Of Lmmunocontraceptive Vaccines For Wildlife Management, Lowell A. Miller

Contraception in Wildlife Management

Immunocontraceptive technology appears to be a viable approach for population control of nuisance species of wildlife. The administration of immunocontraceptive vaccines is presently performed by syringe injection or by remote delivery via darts or biobullets. In order for immunocontraception to be successful in free-roaming animals, the vaccine must be delivered in an oral form. Recent advances in molecular biology, immunology, and pathology of mucosal infections give us tools to develop effective oral vaccines. Oral vaccines encapsulated in either biodegradable microspheres, synthetic adhesive liposomes, or nonvirulent live vectors hold promise as a practical approach for immunocontraception of free-roaming wildlife. Issues of …

A Survey Comparison Of Pest Control And Nuisance Wildlife Control Operators In Kentucky, Thomas G. Barns

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 6th (1993)

A variety of factors including increased urbanization decreased funding for governmental animal damage programs, and increases in some urban wildlife populations have resulted in a greater demand for urban nuisance wildlife control. Historically, this demand was met by Cooperative Extension Service (San Julian 1987), state fish and wildlife agency, or federal wildlife damage control employees (Bollengier 1981) These agencies provided educational materials, consultations, an-or physically removed animals. Recently, there is an increased demand for physical animal removal evidenced by increasing numbers of private Pest control operators (PCO), companies that do general pest or insect control work, specializing in the removal …

Developmental Niche Structure In The Gregarine Assemblage Parasitizing Tenebrio Molitor, Richard E. Clopton, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The exogenous developmental niche spaces of Gregarina cuneata and Gregarina polymorpha, parasites restricted to larval Tenebrio molitor, and Gregarina niphandrodes, a parasite restricted to adult T. molitor, were determined along temperature and humidity axes and associated with parasite niche space on the host resource axis. Gregarine gametocysts were incubated at controlled humidity (0, 10, and 20 mm Hg vapor pressure deficit) at 20, 25, 30, and 35 C to determine the environmental limits to survival and sporulation. Although the environmental conditions that permit gametocyst development overlap, the gregarine parasite restricted to adult T. molitor utilizes a …

Patterns Of Morphological Variation Of Salsuginus Yutanensis (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) Over Space And Time, Michael T. Ferdig, Mary Ann Mcdowell, John J. Janovy Jr., Richard E. Clopton

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Salsuginus yutanensis occurs on the gills of the Plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus Cope. The fish of this species have been found to vary morphologically and biochemically among disjunct populations. Morphological characteristics of the sclerotized parts of S. yutanensis were examined from three localities in Nebraska, over a 2-yr collecting period. Analysis of variance was used to assess morphological variation with respect to site and date. Worms from two localities, Keith and Saunders counties, differed significantly for most characters considered. A third site, also in Keith County, contained worms for which measurement means tended to be intermediate between those in the …

Host Specificity Of Calyptospora Funduli (Apicomplexa: Calyptosporidae) In Atheriniform Fishes, John W. Fournie, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Calyptospora funduli has a broad host specificity, infecting at least 7 natural and 10 additional experimental definitive hosts, all atheriniform fishes within 5 families, but most in the genus Fundulus. Barriers, apparently innate ones, prevent any development of C. funduli in perciform fishes but allow incomplete or abnormal development of the parasite in a few unnatural atheriniform hosts. In the freshwater species Fundulus olivaceus and Fundulus notti, these abnormalities consisted of asynchronous development, degeneration of the parasite in early stages of development, and the formation of numerous macrophage aggregates. Rivulus marmoratus has the ability to eliminate infections with …

Review Of Practical Taxonomic Computing By Richard J. Pankhurst (Cambridge University, 1991), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Practical Taxonomic Computing by Richard J. Pankhurst (Cambridge University, 1991).

Some Platyhelminths Inhabiting White-Throated Sparrows, Zonotrichia Albicollis (Aves: Emberizidae: Emberizinae), From Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, Daniel R. Brooks, Eric P. Hoberg, Anne Houtman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty-two of 26 white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis, from Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, hosted one or two species of platyhelminths. One species of cestode and three of digeneans were collected. Anonchotaenia quiscali inhabited 50% of the sparrows. This is the third report of A. quiscali; Z. albicollis is a new host. Brachylecithum nanum inhabited 43%, Zonorchis alveyi 15%, and Prosthogonimus macrorchis 8% of the sparrows examined. Ontario is a new geographic distribution record for all four parasite species. The proportion of hosts infected with two species was not significantly different from expected based on single species prevalences, indicating that …

Nubenocephalus Nebraskensis N. Gen., N. Sp. (Apicomplexa: Actinocephalidae) From Adults Of Argia Bipunctulata (Odonata: Zygoptera), Richard E. Clopton, Tamara J. Percival Cook, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Nubenocephalus nebraskensis n. gen., n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Actinocephalidae) is described from trophozoites, sporonts, gamonts, and oocysts collected from adult Argia bipunctulata (Odonata: Zygoptera). The new genus is distinguished from existing acanthosporine genera by elongate dodecahedral oocysts, without equatorial faces, that are hexagonal in equatorial cross section with equatorial and terminal spines. The epimerite is very broadly ovoid and truncated posteriorly with equatorial lobiform tumidi that are posteriorly bilobate and do not form hooks, spines, or digitiform processes. The epimerite is borne on a long, slender stalk. The new species is also reported from naiads ofArgia bipunctulata and adults and naiads …

Extending The Symbiotype Concept To Host Voucher Specimens, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Recently, Frey, Yates, Duszynski, Gannon, and Gardner (1992) suggested that parasitologists deposit specimens of hosts from which type specimens of new parasite species are collected. Their proposal was directed especially at systematic and evolutionary biologists. Frey et al. (1992) pointed out that, whether one emphasizes microevolutionary (e.g., Price, 1980) or macroevolutionary (e.g., Brooks and Mc- Lennan, 1993) aspects of parasite evolutionary biology, much of the context of evolution involves hosts. Robust estimates of the selective effects and the patterns of diversification of host associations require the best possible estimates of the host species involved. This is …

The Niche Of The Gill Parasite Dactylogyrus Banghami (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) On Notropis Stramineus (Pisces: Cyprinidae), Jill A. Anderson, Kimberly J. Blazek, Tamara J. Percival Cook, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Distribution of the monogenean Dactylogyrus banghami on the gills of the fish Notropis stramineus (Cyprinidae) was described by calculation of mean relative positions and Levins' niche breadths on the linear spatial resource gradients gill filament length and gill arch length. Thirty fish with 276 worms were examined; only one of the fish had an additional gill parasite species (Trichodina sp). Worms were more broadly and evenly distributed across the length of the gill arch than they were on the filament (breadths of 0.91 and 0.67, respectively). Mean worm positions were near the center of both resources: 54% of the …