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Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi Mar 1980

Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

A brief review of deratization carried out in Budapest (.2 million inhabitants) is given. As a result of an extensive eradication project initial infestation level of premises amounting to 33% decreased below 0.5%. Materials and techniques employed for the preservation of a rat free state as well as the method how to determine the size of the remainder of the rat population are described. "Idealized premises" were introduced allowing comparison between rat infestations of various areas. Report on the relationship between rat population and temperature, on the areal dispersion of population and on how re-infestation occurs. Finally conclusions are drawn …

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Deer-Proof Fences For Orchards: A New Look At Economic Feasibility, James W. Caslick Mar 1980

Deer-Proof Fences For Orchards: A New Look At Economic Feasibility, James W. Caslick

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Woven-wire fences, 2.4-m-high, have proven to be deer-proof and economically feasible for some apple orchards planted to semi-dwarf and dwarf trees, under high-density planting systems. The factors included in a benefit-cost analysis are described, and a formula is given to facilitate a decision about the economic feasibility of investing in a fence of this type.

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Opening Comments — Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark Mar 1980

Opening Comments — Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Welcoming Statment

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Use Of Toxicants For Coyote Control By Livestock Producers In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance Mar 1980

Use Of Toxicants For Coyote Control By Livestock Producers In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

This paper examines and evaluates the use of strychnine baits and cyanide guns for coyote (Canis latrans) control by livestock producers in Alberta. Livestock predation occurred almost exclusively during spring, summer, and fall; livestock predation was negligible during winter. In contrast, use of toxicants was negligible in spring, distributed rather evenly through the summer and fall, and most intense in mid-winter. Forty-eight percent of the producers set toxicants in response to predation, and 1/2 of these apparently resolved their predator problems. Fifty-five percent of the producers set toxicants for preventive control, predominantly during October-February when the effectiveness of control was …

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Hazards To Small Mammals Associated With Underground Strychnine Baiting For Pocket Gophers, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Victor G. Barnes Jr., R. Michael Anthony, James Evans Mar 1980

Hazards To Small Mammals Associated With Underground Strychnine Baiting For Pocket Gophers, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Victor G. Barnes Jr., R. Michael Anthony, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.) is a major factor limiting reforestation in the western United States. To control gopher populations and reduce damage, the U.S. Forest Service annually treats thousands of hectares with strychnine alkaloid bait. Because an underground application of strychnine bait could pose a threat to other species, we monitored small mammal populations before and after a baiting operation conducted in 1979 on the Targhee National Forest, Idaho. Although two deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) recovered within baited areas were killed by strychnine, live-trapping revealed no differences in small mammal populations before and after baiting. …

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Conference Participants Mar 1980

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

A total of 347 people registered at the Conference. The participants came from 33 states, the District of Columbia, and 20 other countries: Australia, Canada, Colombia, Egypt, England, Ethiopia, Fed. Rep. Germany, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Tanzania, Thailand, and Venezuela. The wide representation from the United States and from countries throughout the world contributes to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified exchange of ideas and information.

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Mammals And Birds Affecting Food Production And Storage In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo Mar 1980

Mammals And Birds Affecting Food Production And Storage In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The systematic study of the roles of vertebrate pests in agriculture in Nigeria is relatively very young, having spanned only two decades. During this period the species composition of vertebrate pests has been determined in some important crop plants like cocoa (Taylor 1961, Everard 1968), oil palm (Greaves 1964), maize (Everard 1966; Funmilayo 1976) and rice (Funmilayo and Akande 1977). The ecology of a few important pest species has been studied. Because of its devastating destruction of many graminaceous crops in Nigeria and over most parts of Africa, the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) has been studied more intensively than other …

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Recent Developments In Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Studies: Surveillance And Application In The United States, Stephen C. Frantz, Constance M. Padula Mar 1980

Recent Developments In Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Studies: Surveillance And Application In The United States, Stephen C. Frantz, Constance M. Padula

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Since anticoagulant rodenticide resistance was first discovered in the United States in 1971, it has become apparent that the phenomenon is widespread. In cooperation with the Center for Disease Control, a nationwide surveillance program was initiated in 1977 to obtain statistically valid samples of rats from federally funded projects of the Urban Rat Control Program. A summary is given of the basic sampling, testing, and analysis components of this study. Problems encountered in all aspects of the first three years of the program are discussed along with results from the 40 completed samples. The 16 cities with significant Anticoagulant Resistance …

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Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding Mar 1980

Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The Red Kangaroo is the dominant native grazing herbivore over much of the arid rangeland area of Western Australia, where the species exists side by side with introduced livestock. The numbers are such that Red Kangaroos can be utilized as the basis for a commercial harvesting industry provided the population is managed on a sustained yield basis. The WA Management Programme is designed to take account of the need for conservation of the species and for protection of the livestock industry and the rangelands on which both kangaroos and the livestock industry depend.

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Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott Mar 1980

Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Frightening devices and other methods of dispersing roosting blackbirds and starlings are described along with the techniques for their proper application. In a study in the southeastern United States, exploding shotgun shells and noise bombs were used to disperse roosts of up to 1 million birds. Five roosts containing up to 1 million blackbirds and starlings were 96 to 100% dispersed by two to five people during three to eight evenings of harassment. Dispersal cost between $80 and $535 per roost.

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Efficacy Of Predator Damage Control Programs, Roger D. Nass Mar 1980

Efficacy Of Predator Damage Control Programs, Roger D. Nass

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Data about the efficacy of predator damage reduction programs are shown for predation loss studies with control, loss studies without control, complaint resolution or success rates, and predation-predatorcapture sequences. This combined evidence indicates that animal damage control programs are reducing predation on livestock.

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Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson Mar 1980

Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

The status of our knowledge of the roles of various sylvatic rodents in plague ecology in California is reviewed. Two theories, Pavlovsky's doctrine of focality of zoonotic diseases and Baltazard's proposal that plague is maintained in nature in resistant rodent species, form the framework for our understanding of the occurrence and persistence of plague. The concepts of resistance, reservoir species, susceptibility, and recipient species are defined and discussed. The ecological attributes that appear to enhance the role of certain rodent species as reservoirs are proposed, and the ecological features that appear to produce epizootics are briefly outlined. Based on current …

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The Need For Good Public Relations And Staff Training In The Use Of Toxins In Pest Destruction, Peter C. Nelson Mar 1980

The Need For Good Public Relations And Staff Training In The Use Of Toxins In Pest Destruction, Peter C. Nelson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

With ever-increasing environmental pressures being placed on all animal control agencies worldwide, particularly those utilizing toxins as control weapons, the time has arisen where those agencies must attempt to anticipate these pressures which are likely to become more vocal and counter them wherever possible before they happen. It is an accepted fact that the world as a whole has become extremely environmental conscious in all fields, not just pest control. This can be seen or heard most days of the week in newspapers, on television or radio. The reasons for this awareness of the environmental problem are wide and diverse …

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Factors Responsible For The Successful Establishment Of Exotic Avian Species In Southeastern Florida, Alison C. Rand Mar 1980

Factors Responsible For The Successful Establishment Of Exotic Avian Species In Southeastern Florida, Alison C. Rand

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

Presently southeastern Florida has at least 24 established exotic avian species from both New and Old World families. This much man-modified region of Florida is characterized by the Atlantic Coastal Ridge in Palm Beach, Broward and Dade Counties and the Florida Keys of Monroe County. Because of the draining of the Everglades to the west, the filling of the mangroves on the seaward side, and the accompanying urban-suburban sprawl, many exotic plant species have invaded the Ridge thus preparing the environment for introduced birds. The Red-whiskered Bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus, illustrates this point. Most exotic avian species have appeared and colonized …

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Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade Mar 1980

Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 9th (1980)

This review summarizes executive and other actions relating to cancellation of the predacides in 1972 and related events. A chronology of these actions and events is appended (Appendix A). Predator damage control operations, and research findings over the past decade, are briefly reviewed and related political decisions are discussed.

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Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker Mar 1980

Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

One of the biggest problems In our mouse control program at H. F. and T. B. Byrd, Inc. in Timberville, Virginia Is keeping a palatable bait before the voles until the bait can be accepted. For years we used labor needed for pruning to place an expensive bait only to be impeded by wet weather that molded the bait.

This year an effort is being made to keep the bait in good condition and before the target animal for a longer time. We cut old car tires (not steel belted) given to us by a local distributor and rented his …

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An Assessment Dependent Upon Technology, F. Gregory Hayden Mar 1980

An Assessment Dependent Upon Technology, F. Gregory Hayden

College of Business: Faculty Publications

"Technology and Economic Dependency: An Institutional Assessment,"' by Thomas De Gregori, deserves serious consideration because it reaches to the heart of a conflict in holistic economic systems analysis and planning. The major issue in the article revolves around divergent views regarding technology. One is that technology should dominate society by being made the primary determinant of policy evaluation criteria. Another view is that technology should be treated as a system entity, albeit a powerful one, which must be evaluated along with others. De Gregori's conclusions are based on the first view.

This comment will consider five aspects of De Gregori's …

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Blackbirds And Corn In Ohio, Richard A. Dolbeer Feb 1980

Blackbirds And Corn In Ohio, Richard A. Dolbeer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Damage to corn by blackbirds (Icteridae) has been an economic problem throughout historical times in North America. Ohio, with the highest nesting season population density of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) in North America and large acreages of corn, has been a key state in this conflict. Survey of damage from 1968 to 1979 revealed that blackbirds annually destroyed less than 1% of the corn crops in Ohio, a 4- to 6-million dollar loss at 1979 prices. This total dollar loss is somewhat misleading because of the uneven distribution of damage among fields. Over 97% of the cornfields in …

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Seasonal Forage Availability In Relation To Energy Requirements Of Pine Voles In Two Orchard Types, R. L. Lochmiller, J. B. Whelan, R. L. Kirkpatrick Feb 1980

Seasonal Forage Availability In Relation To Energy Requirements Of Pine Voles In Two Orchard Types, R. L. Lochmiller, J. B. Whelan, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Results from previous work on pine vole populations and habitat interactions (Cengel et a1. 1978; Noffsinger 1976) suggested that pine vole populations were quite sensitive to seasonal changes in the quantity, species composition, and nutritive value of available forage. This conclusion was based on decreases in both reproductive performance and physical condition of pine voles collected from abandoned orchards in the fall as compared to voles taken from maintained orchards during the same season. Utilizing information from these investigations, a "follow-up" study was designed to investigate food availability and nutrient composition, food consumption, food digestibility, and energy requirements of pine …

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Access Of Compounds To The Vomeronasal Organ In Pine And Meadow Voles, Charles J. Wysocki, Gary K. Beauchamp, Susan Erisman Feb 1980

Access Of Compounds To The Vomeronasal Organ In Pine And Meadow Voles, Charles J. Wysocki, Gary K. Beauchamp, Susan Erisman

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Neuroendocrine responses play a critical role in reproduction in every mammalian species, including voles (Richmond S. Stehn, 1976). Disruption of these normal responses can result in: (1) abnormal sexual maturation; (2) abnormal or absent female cycles; (3) pseudopregnancy; (4) blocked pregnancies; or (5) the total absence of courtship and mating. Each of these factors in turn plays a considerable role in population dynamics, especially population density. Therefore, mechanisms which disrupt normal neuroendocrine function could affect population dynamics and reduce population density by affecting changes in one or many of these reproductive processes.

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Initial Results Of Chemical Inhibitors And Photoperiodic Influences On Growth And Reproduction In Microtus Pennsylvanicus, Jack A. Cranford, David H. Pistole, Terry L. Derting Feb 1980

Initial Results Of Chemical Inhibitors And Photoperiodic Influences On Growth And Reproduction In Microtus Pennsylvanicus, Jack A. Cranford, David H. Pistole, Terry L. Derting

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Recently Berger et al. (1977) have demonstrated reproductive in¬hibition in Microtus montanus as a result of specific plant compounds in natural vegetation. Naturally occurring cinnamic acids and their related vinyl phenols have been demonstrated to have marked effects on uterine weight, inhibition of follicular development and cessation of breeding activity. Compounds having antigonadotrophic and antithryo-tropic activities have been identified in a wide variety of plants (Chury 1967). Bickoff et al. (1959) report that alfalfa contained a non-estrogenic compound which would over ride the estrogenic effect of the plant estrogen coumestrol. Adler (1962) demonstrated that a non-estrogenic compound in alfalfa could …

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Induction Of Abortion By Strange Males In Pine Vole Females That Are: 1) Ten Days Pregnant Or 2) Pregnant And Lactating, Margaret H. Schadler, Barbara J. Gauger Feb 1980

Induction Of Abortion By Strange Males In Pine Vole Females That Are: 1) Ten Days Pregnant Or 2) Pregnant And Lactating, Margaret H. Schadler, Barbara J. Gauger

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pregnant voles react to the presence of unfamiliar males by aborting the offspring they are carrying, entering estrus and mating with these new males. This phenomenon was first described in pine voles by Marks and Schadler (1979). At that time we reported that 84% of females that were four days along in their first pregnancy were induced by strange males to reject their embryos. These findings encouraged us to continue our investigations and this paper reports results on the abortion response caused by strange males in females ten days along in their first pregnancy (Experiment I) and on experienced pine …

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Results Of A Bioassay Technique For Ground-Sprayed Rodenticides, David H. Davis, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don H. Hayne Feb 1980

Results Of A Bioassay Technique For Ground-Sprayed Rodenticides, David H. Davis, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don H. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A laboratory test of toxicity to voles of toxicants sprayed. on a soil substrate was used. to test brodifacoum, chlorqphacinone and. endrin against pine voles. By this test, endrin was not as effective against meadow voles as against pine voles.

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Apple Tree Mortality, Rate And Causes, William T. Sullivan Jr., Turner B. Sutton, Don W. Hayne Feb 1980

Apple Tree Mortality, Rate And Causes, William T. Sullivan Jr., Turner B. Sutton, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In a randomly selected sample of 47 orchard blocks in Henderson County, North Carolina, over two years, the average annual mortality rate for apple trees was 1.0 percent with probably a little less than half of this caused by voles.

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Update Of Pine Vole Research At The Kearneysville Experiment Farm, Roger S. Young Feb 1980

Update Of Pine Vole Research At The Kearneysville Experiment Farm, Roger S. Young

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

As reported in the 1979 Proceedings of the Third Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium, an air and ground broadcast and hand placement in runs and mouse-ateria bait stations (tubes) experiment was started on December 5, 1978. Treatments were to apply brodifacoum (Volak) at 10. 0 lb. /A and diphacinone (Ramik-Brown) at 10. 0 lb. and 20. 0 lb. /A air broadcast and 10. 0 lb. /A ground broadcast and hand placement. The air broadcast treatments were not evenly distributed. Ground catch of the air broadcast of brodifacoum resulted in one portion of the treated area receiving 24% more toxicant. …

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Current Research Related To Pine And Meadow Vole Damage Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers Feb 1980

Current Research Related To Pine And Meadow Vole Damage Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This paper will outline some of the research related to pine and meadow vole damage control which is currently underway at the Winchester Fruit Research Laboratory and outline some of the areas which we will be pursuing in the future. One question which must be answered whenever a chemical is used to control a pest organism is how that chemical is impacting non-target organisms. A study was initiated in the fall of 1979, with the objective of determining by use of radiotelemetry the fates of birds of prey in the vicinity of orchards treated with Brodifacoum, an anticoagulant rodenticide. A …

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Field Evaluation Of Candidate Rodenticide, Milo E. Richmond, Pamela N. Miller Feb 1980

Field Evaluation Of Candidate Rodenticide, Milo E. Richmond, Pamela N. Miller

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

During autumn of 1978 and 1979 the New York Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit continued its program of research and management aimed at the pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Two herbicides, Ammate-X (E.I. Dupont de Nemours) and Kerb (Rhom S Haas Corp.) along with 4 candidate rodenticides, Bromadiolone and Chlorophacinone (Chempar Inc.), Volak (I.C.I. Chemicals Inc.) and zinc phosphide (Bell Laboratories Inc.) were tested in both orchard and laboratory situations. This work is being conducted in conjunction with a separate research unit project aimed at evaluating the potential of using populations of the …

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Registration List Feb 1980

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Registration List

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Rodenticide Use In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson Feb 1980

Rodenticide Use In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The preliminary data presented in this paper were obtained from the 1978 Survey of Pesticide Use on Deciduous Fruits (Figure 1). The survey was conducted by the Economics, Statistics and Cooperatives Service, USDA.

The purpose of this paper is to present information on: (1) rodenticides used in controlling meadow and pine voles, (2) method and timing of applications and type of coverage, (3) tree losses due to vole injury by region, and (4) growers perceived efficacy of chemicals versus cultural and mechanical controls. These data are based on the aggregated responses of the surveyed apple producers.

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Disposition Of The Endrin Rpar, Lawrence S. Ebner, Harvey S. Gold Feb 1980

Disposition Of The Endrin Rpar, Lawrence S. Ebner, Harvey S. Gold

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Following a comprehensive three-year Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration ("RPAR") review of endrin, on July 25, 1979 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced its decision to continue federal approval of endrin for control of pine voles in the East and meadow voles in the West among other uses. See 44 Fed. Reg. 43,637-8. The Agency concluded that with additional safety precautions and procedures, endrin can be applied safely and effectively, and that the benefits of usage outweigh any risks. The stringent new safe¬guards being required by EPA, including new usage restrictions and directions, equipment specifications, and warnings to female applicators, are …

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