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Deterrents To Female Enrollment In Secondary Agricultural Education Programs In Nebraska, Lloyd C. Bell, Susan Fritz

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

“Scientific and professional expertise in the food and agricultural sciences is a national resource critical to the continuing security of this Nation.” This renewable resource, however, is being depleted by an annual employment shortfall of ten percent. Approximately 4000 employment opportunities go unfilled because of too few new college graduates with expertise in agriculture, natural resources, veterinary medicine, and closely aligned fields (Coulter, 1986).

Students usually equate a career in agriculture with farming or ranching only, rather than with the science or business of agriculture which leads to a pervasively negative opinion of pursuing a career in agriculture (Orthel, Sorensen, …

The Probe, Issue 120 - April 1992

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
APRIL 1992
Laughing Gulls-Aircraft Collisions Increasing Hazard at JFK
Calendar of Upcoming Events
Animal Damage Control in the News:
WLFA Alerts Hunters to Proposed Arizona Law
Spring Bear Hunt Phased Down in Colorado
Black Vultures a “Hot” Item in Louisiana
Fur Industry on a Comeback?
Texas State Representative Strongly Supports ADC Efforts
Critical Issues Facing the ADC Program
Jim Forbes Wins Membership Incentive Content
Maury Bedford Designs Winning Logo
Species Solidarity Urged by Reader's Digest Writer
NADCA Business Meeting Held March 4 in Newport Beach
10th Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Available …

The Muse: Resources For Faculty And Ta Newsletters, No. 4, Spring 1992

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Sometimes simpler may be better: The case for the traditional one-column newsletter, by Linc. Fisch

Editors' musings: The Muse goes subscription

Filings: Muse news to use

Book review of Language on a Leash by Bruce 0. Boston

Design Review: York University's CORE illustrates an appealing blend of graphic elements

Supplement: Editor to editor, by LeAne H. Rutherford

Supplement: Instructional Development newsletter:

Springboard to the Professoriate, by Paul Treuer and LeAne Rutherford

EGALITARIAN TEACHING: Uncommon Teaching with a Common Touch, by Rick Lichty

THE SAFE CLASSROOM, by Deborah Petersen-Perlman, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Communication

REFLECTING ON WORKSHOPS AND LIFE IN THE …

Ard News April 1992

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

Contents:

Comments from the Dean
Great Plains Agricultural Council Meets in Lincoln
National Research Initiative Allocations to the North Central Region During FY1991
ARD Vision Statement
Grant and Contract Income Obtained by Units During the Last Three Calendar Years
Funding Sources for Agricultural Experiment Stations
Nebraska Good Seed Week
Dr. Jeff Keown Selected for Leadership Development Course
IANR Resource Allocation Philosophy
Faculty Positions
Staff Positions
Support
Proposals Submitted for Federal Grants

Nebline, April 1992

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Effects Of Expectancy On Assessing Covariation In Data: “Prior Belief” Versus “Meaning”, Dorritt Billman, Brian H. Bornstein, Jeffrey Richards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A large number of researchers have addressed the question of how prior beliefs affect assessment of covariation in new data. Some have suggested that prior beliefs disrupt covariation assessment (Nisbett & Ross, 1980), while others have claimed they help (Wright & Murphy, 1984). Research in this tradition has not consistently distinguished meaningfulness of the data from expectations about the particular relationship between the variables to be assessed. We collected covariance judgments on meaningful variable pairs where subjects had a prior belief in a positive relation, had a prior belief in a negative relation, had a prior belief that the variables …

Classification Of Chest Radiographs For Pneumoconiosis: A Comparison Of Two Methods Of Reading, D. C. F. Muir, Charles D. Bernholz, W. K. C. Morgan, J. O. Roos, J. Chan, W. Maehle, J. A. Julian, A. Sebestyen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

Variability between readers in the evaluation of the radiographic appearances of pneumoconiosis has been investigated by several authors. To reduce inter and intrareader variability, standard reference films were introduced for epidemiological purposes. Improved films and methods of classification were published in subsequent years. The category of profusion of small opacities is determined by considering the profusion as a whole over the affected zones of the lung, and by comparing this with the standard radiographs. This requires a mental process of integrating profusion over the affected zones.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there would be any …

Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 92-1, March 6, 1992, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd, Lisa Brown Jasa

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

Inside

Wheat growth varied ........... 2

Wheat leaf rust .................... 2

Treating soybean seeds ........ 3

Plant disease slides and videos ....................... 4

Alfalfa weed control ............ 4

RUP recordkeeping ............. 4

Using software to select herbicides .................... 5

Attacking weeds in wheat .... 5

Herbicide Guide correction .. 5

Publications to order ............ 6

Order blank ......................... 7

The Probe, Issue 119 - March 1992

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
MARCH 1992
The "Padded" Trap Is Not the Answer
Calendar of Upcoming Events
Animal Damage Control in the News:
Man Wins Award for Pro-Fur Letter
Starling Control Becomes a Labor Issue
Rats Invade the Pentagon
Montana Ranchers Win Support for Aerial Coyote Control Program
Mouse Creatures Havoc At Cairo Airport
New Urban Wildlife Control Association Formed
Northeast Association of Wildlife Damage Biologists Founded
In Memoriam – Joseph Albert Schmidt
Critter Control Calls for Licensing of NWCOs
"Probe" Co-editor Chides Animal Welfare Groups

Responses Of The Adc Program To A Changing American Society, Bobby R. Acord

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Changes in the Animal Damage Control (ADC) program are reviewed relative to changes in American societal background and attitudes. Many of the program changes that occurred in the past were imposed on ADC in response to external factors, while more recent program changes have been and will continue to be more self-directed. Examples of ADC's proactive approach to dealing with critical issues are provided.

Field Evaluation Of Three Anticoagulant Rodenticides Against Mus Musculus Populations In Apartmental Buildings In New York City, Ranjan Advani

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Field efficacy studies using three anticoagulant rodenticides were conducted on House mice, Mus musculus under a variety of conditions in 35 apartment buildings scattered over four boroughs of New York metropolitan area. Percent control successes and relative efficacies of various rodenticides and their formulations were determined by recording pre and post control census for about four years.

After four monthly treatments, the control success rate of bromadialone (0.005%, meal form) was highest (94.5%) followed by brodifacoum (0.005%, pellet form, 91.23%) and diphacinone (77.72%) in the wax cake formulation. However, build up of the residual mice population was faster in the …

Efficacy Of Methyl Anthranilate As A Bird Repellent On Cherries, Blueberries And Grapes, Leonard R. Askham

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Anthranilitic acid derivatives, used as common food additives, have been explored as bird repellent agents for a number of years. Research in this study show that methyl anthranilate, when exposed to the UV spectrum of sunlight, readily dissipates within 64 hours. The addition of surfactants and extenders did not appreciably alter the degradation curve, nor did they lessen the phytotoxic properties of the chemical.

Field trials under IR-4 guidance and support indicate that methyl anthranilate (MA) is an effective, biodegradable, nontoxic bird repellent. In formulation with a lipid molecular binding compound degradation of methyl anthranilate was extended from four to …

Exposure Of Persons To Phosphine Gas From Aluminum Phosphide Application To Rodent Burrows, Rex O. Baker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

An industrial hygiene study was performed monitoring levels of phosphine gas workers are exposed to when applying aluminum phosphide tablets to rodent burrows. Clothing and gloves were monitored for phosphine gas from residual dust. Air in the breathing zone was monitored with short and long term monitoring equipment. No levels of phosphine exceeding the legal permissible exposure limits (PEL) was detected and although residues were detected on clothing, the levels were usually quite low and dissipated in open air to undetectable levels within 12 to 17 hours in all but a few cases. Hand application was also compared to a …

Cougar Attacks On Humans: An Update And Some Further Reflections, Paul Beier

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

I examined historical records of unprovoked attacks by cougars on humans in the U.S. and Canada during 101 years (1890-1990). There were 9 attacks resulting in 10 human deaths and at least 44 nonfatal attacks. In a recent paper, I listed these attacks and discussed them in considerable detail (Beier 1991). Although extremely rare, attacks on humans have increased markedly in the last 2 decades, during which cougar numbers and human use of cougar habitats have increased. There is no substantial evidence that habituation underlies this increase in attacks. The data provide weak support for the notion that an attacking …

The Most Dangerous Pest: "Homo Environmentals", Robert James Bidinotto

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

I speak of that insatiable predator, Homo environmentalus. This predator is a subspecies of homo sapiens, of which I observe several examples present. For the past several years, under special funding by Reader's Digest, I have made a special study of this pest, also known by his more familiar name of "environmentalist activist."

Problems With Management Of A Native Predator On A Threatened Species: Raven Predation On Desert Tortoises, William I. Boarman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Common ravens (Corvus corax) are a major predator on the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus [=Xerobates] agassizii). Large numbers of juvenile tortoise shells have been found beneath known raven nests and perches; many shells that show evidence consistent with raven predation have been found sporadically throughout the range of the tortoise; significant proportional decreases in juvenile size/age class distributions have been identified; and people have observed ravens killing, carrying, and consuming juveniles. In 1988 the U. S. Bureau of Land Management initiated a process to evaluate, design, and implement a program to reduce raven predation …

Review Of Research On Control Of Bird Pests In Australia, Mary Bomford

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The most significant damage inflicted by birds in Australia is to germinating cereal and to ripening sunflower and fruit crops. The main pests are several native psittacine and corvid species, silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). The economic cost of damage is largely unquantified. While losses to industries as a whole are often low, losses to individual growers may be severe, and losses are distributed patchily in space and time. Shooting is the most widely practiced and most ineffective bird control technique used in Australia. Despite the high numbers of birds killed, damage persists, …

A Role For Fertility Control Wildlife Management In Australia?, Mary Bomford, Peter O'Brien

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Increasing community awareness of the moral and animal welfare issues associated with conventional pest animal control has focused interest on non-lethal alternatives, such as fertility control. In Australia, animal welfare organizations have proposed fertility control as a solution to pest problems with feral horses and kangaroos. Wildlife damage control achieved by non-lethal, non-toxic and humane means would have wide appeal and application. Importantly, assessments of effectiveness must focus on damage control, rather than fertility control, per se. Most tests of fertility control drugs and techniques examine effects on reproduction, rather than on population dynamics. Many tests and models have not …

Opening Remarks—Fifteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, John E. Borrecco

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Good morning. On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the 15th Vertebrate Pest Conference. I am John Borrecco and I have the honor of representing the Council as Chair for this Conference. This meeting marks the 30-year anniversary of the Conference. Over this period there have been a number of changes in our format but the purpose of this conference has not changed. That purpose is to provide you the best, up-to-date information on vertebrate pest problems and solutions to those problems. Our objectives, quite simply, are to promote the exchange of …

Rodent Control In The Conservation Of Endangered Species, A.P. Buckle, M.G.P. Fenn

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The commensal rodent pest species have spread from their ancestral homes in Asia to inhabit many natural ecosystems worldwide. The introduction of these exotics has often had a significant effect on endemic plant and animal species but their impact has, perhaps, been most severe on off-shore and oceanic islands where nesting birds, insects, terrestrial molluscs, reptiles and amphibians are all vulnerable. Conservationists have used a variety of control approaches either to reduce or eliminate the pressure of competition and predation exerted by introduced rodents on island populations of endangered species. Successful projects have involved a sequence of carefully-planned operations. Firstly, …

Toxicity Of Compound 1080 To Magpies And The Relationship Of Dose Rates To Residues Recovered, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The acute oral LD₅₀ of Compound 1080 to magpies was estimated at 1.78 mg/kg indoors, 1.91 mg/kg outdoors in summer, and 2.30 mg/kg outdoors in winter. Postmortem 1080 residues were detected in 75 of 76 treated birds. Higher doses yielded higher 1080 residues. Within dose levels, birds surviving longer carried lower residues. In a separate test, an average residue of 0.09 ppm was found in 8 birds treated at 1.59 mg/kg and euthanized 24 h post dosing. The adjusted dietary LC₅₀ of Compound 1080 to magpies tested indoors was estimated at 16 ppm. During LC₅₀ tests, the …

Developing A Strategy Of Predator Control For The Protection Of The California Least Tern: A Case History, Peter H. Butchko, Maynard A. Small

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

In recent years, predation has been determined to be a seriously limiting factor in the reproduction of the endangered California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni) at many of its nesting colonies. Among them is a major colony at Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base near Oceanside, CA. Early efforts to control predation were limited in effectiveness. In 1988, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Damage Control Program was contracted to provide control of mammalian and avian predators. The development of the successful strategy that has evolved over four years is discussed, with emphasis on the development and application of …

Field Efficacy Evaluation Of Diphacinone Paraffin Bait Blocks And Strychnine Oat Groats For Control Of Forest Pocket Gophers (Thomomys Spp.), D.L. Campbell, J.P. Farley, P.L. Hegdal, R.M. Engeman, H.W. Krupa

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

The effectiveness of bait and the effectiveness of operational baiting were both evaluated for controlling forest pocket gophers (Thomomys spp. ) with strychnine oat groat bait and diphacinone paraffin block bait. Radio-telemetry monitoring and recovery of pocket gophers showed that control of individual pocket gophers 1 month after baiting was 72% for strychnine bait and 62% for diphacinone bait. Reduction in pocket gopher activity from operational baiting was based on censusing activity in sample plots. After 1 month the reduction in activity was 61% for strychnine oats and 36% for diphacinone blocks. Bait blocks implanted with radio transmitters were …

Administrative Procedures And Contracts For Vertebrate Pest Programs, Bruce A. Colvin, Curtis A. Meininger, Michael J. Grealy

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

A proactive (rather than reactive) approach to rodent control includes effective planning, administration, and coordination. Centralized coordination, detailed scheduling, and well-defined contract specifications provide a solid basis for managing an integrated pest management program. Documentation and data management help to ensure cost effective and efficient operations. The ability to work with people and bureaucracies is essential for the science of rodent control to be applied effectively in real world situations and for vertebrate pest programs to succeed.

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Participants came from 32 states, the District of Columbia, and from 11 other countries for a total of 327 registered attendees. The wide representation from the United States and countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of information on research progress, technological advances, management strategies, new products and materials, prevailing management philosophies, the protection of endangered species, and a range of other vertebrate pest topics.

Ecological Approach To Managing Problems Caused By Urban Canada Geese, Michael R. Conover

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Urban-suburban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) create nuisance problems at their foraging sites by littering them with feces. An ecological approach to the problem involves inducing the geese to use alternate foraging sites by reducing the attractiveness of problem sites. This can be accomplished by reducing the forage quality at the nuisance site by not fertilizing and infrequently mowing the lawn or by replacing the lawn with a less palatable grass species or other ground cover. Further, sites can be made less attractive to geese if they are surrounded by tall trees which make it harder for geese to …

Development Of Rodent Control Technology For Confined Swine Facilities, Robert M. Corrigan, Cheryl A. Towell, Ralph E. Williams

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

This paper discusses the development of site-specific baiting technology for controlling the house mouse (Mus musculus) in confined swine facilities utilizing specific rodenticide formulations, bait stations, and baiting strategies. Behavioral research was also conducted to identify primary nesting and travel activities of mice within grower-finishing units. The rodenticide bromadiolone in a block formulation was found to be effective in most baiting trials, and provided resistance to the harsh environment of the swine facility and the necessary versatility for securing baits to minimize hazards to swine. A commercially available tamper resistant bait station was found to be effective for …

Coyote Control To Protect Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes At The Naval Petroleum Reserves, California, Brian L. Cypher, Jerry H. Scrivner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

We investigated the effectiveness of a coyote (Canis latrans) control program implemented to increase numbers of endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California (NPRC). Between 1980 and 1985, the kit fox population on NPRC declined approximately 66% while coyote abundance apparently increased. Coyote predation was identified as the primary cause of mortality for kit foxes. From 1985 to 1990, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a program to kill coyotes with the objective being to reduce predation on kit foxes and increase fox numbers. Control methods …

Sterilants For Managing The Populations Of Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Andrew Cyr, Diane Lacombe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Male Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) being gregarious, and causing heavy damage to corn crops in the northeast, including southern Québec and Ontario, sterilization has been studied as a mean's to manage their populations. With chemosterilants (thiotepa and Omitrol®) tested, year to year variations in reproductive success occurs. The spermatogenesis is disrupted, but the overall effect is not specific. Biosterilisation with 10.0 μg doses of GnRH-analogue hormones is more specific, and the spermatogenesis is disrupted for at least a month, but several spaced injections were required. No field trials have been done yet.

Unmasking Mascall's Mouse Traps, David C. Drummond

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 15th (1992)

Twelve mouse traps described and figured by Leonard Mascall in 16th Century England are illustrated and interpreted afresh. Special attention is given to one that is also depicted on the Merode altarpiece, an important 15th Century Dutch painting. Since Mascall's era many of his mouse traps have virtually disappeared. Others have been made more effective by various design changes, including the incorporation of small powerful helical springs and improved release mechanisms, and by the greater use of wire mesh and sheet metal.