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A Report On Efficacy Of Methiocarb As An Avian Repellent In Figs And Results Of Industry-Wide Bird Damage Assessments, A. Charles Crabb

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

California fig producers annually incur serious economic losses from bird damage to their early maturing Black Mission fig crop. During the 1976 growing season, the avian repellent methiocarb was tested to determine its effectiveness in reducing bird damage to figs. A number of problems developed in those trials which made the results difficult to interpret. With what was learned in the 1976 trials, a more intensive study was plan- ned with cooperation between the Fresno County Department of Agriculture, California Fig Institute, University of California at Davis, California State Department of Food and Agriculture, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, …

Drc-1339 And Drc-2698 Residues In Starlings: Preliminary Evaluation Of Their Effects On Secondary Hazard Potential, D. J. Cunningham, E. W. Schafer Jr., L. K. Mcconnell

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylbenzenamine HCI) is the active ingredient in Starlicide Complete, a commercial bait used to control starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at animal feedlots throughout the U.S. Because of the recent widespread use of this product, par- ticularly within the wintering range of many raptors, they and other avian or mammalian scavenger or predator species may be exposed to large numbers of dead or dying star- lings and blackbirds (Icteridae) throughout the winter roosting season (November-March). Acute toxicity data are available for five species of raptors and a number of mammals indicating that DRC-1339 or its primary toxic metabolite DRC-2698 (N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) acetamide, …

Mesurol As A Bird Repellent On Grapes In Ohio, Hailu Kassa, Willaim B. Jackson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Schafer and Brunton (1971) determined that methiocarb [3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate] was efficaceous as a bird repellent, reporting low R50 and LD50 values for several bird species. Guarino (1972) suggested that bird damage to corn, soybeans, rice, sorghum, cherries, and grapes could be reduced by spraying with methiocarb. Crase and DeHaven (1976) concluded that methiocarb could be an effective broad-spectrum bird repellent and crop protectant. Bollengier et al. (1973), Stone et al. (1974), Ali (1978), Teklehaimanot (1978), and Jackson et al. (1978) reported that bird damage to blueberries was significantly lower in methiocarb-treated fields than in the untreated fields. Rogers (1974) describes …

Developmental Status Of N-(3-Chloro-4-Methylphenyl) Acetamide As A Candidate Blackbird/Starling Roost Toxicant, Paul W. Lefebvre, Nicholas R. Holler, Raymond E. Matteson, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Large winter roosts of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often cause conflicts, both real and imagined, between the birds and local human popula- tions. These conflicts may range from objections to the noise and odor engendered by thousands or millions of birds, to fear of epidemic human and livestock diseases, and the possibility of economic losses from crop depredations. Many people believe the most direct way to combat these conflicts is to reduce local roosting populations by kill- ing the birds. In response to this perceived need for a roost toxicant, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) developed …

Effective Use Of Sound To Repel Birds From Industrial Waste Ponds, Lee R. Martin

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Birds are not normally attracted to waste ponds as a food source but, rather, as a place to loaf or rest. This is why sound patterns designed to affect bird behavior act as an effective deterrent to birds in these less attractive sites. The number and species of local or resident birds that frequent the site depend upon the degree of suitability found during their first visit. They can often be discouraged from using a waste pond by eliminating or reducing nearby roosting, loafing, nesting sites, and preferred food sources. Migratory birds present a different problem in that as they …

Astm - Bird Control Testing Standards, Edward W. Schafer Jr.

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Most of you are familiar by now with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and the activities of its Subcommittee E35.17 on Vertebrate Pesticides. ASTM's primary business is that of assisting nonpaid, technical volunteers in developing consensus testing standards in a large number of fields. Most of these testing standards or test methods detail how to conduct specific evaluations of a product, or components of a product, based on the best and most current technology available. Consequently, many of these testing standards are used by government or industry for quality control or for regulatory operations and decisions. ASTM subcommittee …

Behavioural And Physiological Problems Associated With The Development Of Curb, Rufus J. Stone

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

CURB is a harmless chemical repellent formulated and prepared to control avian and mammalian behavior which may result in losses of cultivated crops at all stages of growth, of food in storage, and also in behavior which may endanger health (e.g. dogs fouling) or life (e.g. birds on runways at airports). It is a fine powder, which may be wet- table for spraying when mixed with water; or it may be prepared for dry application. It is synergised aluminum ammonium sulfate. Its LD50 is greater than 5 gr/kg; it has passed the U.S.A. and French skin and eye mucosa tests …

Cardiac And Operant Behavior Response Of Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) To Distress And Alarm Sounds, R. Daniel Thompson, Brad E. Johns, C. Val Grant

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

A variety of auditory stimuli have been used for many years as a means of repelling nuisance birds from problem areas (Boudreau, 1968; Bremond et al., 1968; Frings and Jumber, 1954; Langowski et al., 1969; Nelson and Seubert 1966; Pearson and Corner, 1967; Thompson et al., 1966, 1968a, b). This approach to alleviating bird problems is ap- pealing because wild birds are considered very sensitive to sound stimuli of biological origin, and such stimuli are harmless to both target and nontarget species. The harmless aspect is an important advantage in dealing with wildlife related problems because of the increased public …

Avian Hosts Of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus , Robert G. Mclean, Thomas W. Scott

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus normally infects birds and is transmitted between birds by mosquito vectors. Thus it is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). SLE virus is found throughout the Americas, and human disease has been reported from the nor- thern part of the hemisphere. Human epidemics have been reported only from northern Mexico (Gonzalez Cortes, et al. 1975), the United States, and southern Canada (CDC 1977). Other viruses closely related to SLE (dengue, yellow fever, and Rocio viruses) cause epidemics in Central and South America. In the United States, SLE is the most important mosquito-borne disease of humans in terms …

Food Preferences And Damage Levels Of Some Avian Rice Field Pests In Malaysia, Michael L. Avery

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

As in many other countries throughout the world, rice is a staple food item in Malaysia. Through the development of improved varieties, irrigation systems, and agronomic practices, rice production there has increased substantially in recent years and the country is now 80-85% self-sufficient in rice. The main limitation to obtaining full self-sufficiency is the lack of additional land area suitable for raising two rice crops annually (Samy 1977). Another factor limiting production is rice crop pests, particularly rats and insects. Birds also are generally acknowledged as pests in rice fieids of this region (FAO 1973, De Grazio 1978), but in …

Diets Of The Red-Billed Quelea (Quelea Quelea) In The Awash River Basin Of Ethiopia, W. A. Erickson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

An understanding of the feeding ecology of the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) is necessary for a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact of this species on cereals development. Queleas are reported to subsist primarily on wild Gramineae (Ward 1965a; Gaston 1976), but their mobility and tendency to feed in large aggregations readily adapts them to becoming a major cereal crop pest (Dyer & Ward 1977). Currently, conflicting evidence exists as to the factors involved in attacks on cereals and the relationship of depredation to the availability of wild foods. In Nigeria, Ward’s (1965a) findings indicated queleas prefer small wild grass …

Attitudes Of Canadians Toward The Control Of Red-Winged Blackbirds, Robert G. Clark, Rodger D. Titman, J. Roger Bider

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Each year across Canada, millions of dollars of damage to agricultural crops can be attributed to vertebrate pests. Estimates for 1975 indicated that approximately $240,000,000 damage was incurred by agricultural pests (Solman et al. 1975). Worldwide impact of these pests must certainly be staggering, especially during the current trend of rising production costs and demand for food. In Canada and the United States, pest control programs may be attacked by increaseingly active and vocal environmental groups. Recently, the killing of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in Kentucky and Tennessee evoked strong objection (Graham 1976, 1978; Jackson 1976). As a …

An Evaluation Of 4-Aminopyridine For Dispersing Winter Blackbird Roosts In Colorado, John L. Cummings

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Blackbirds and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often establish large winter roosts in areas where their presence is objectionable because of economic, public health, and nuisance reasons. Several techniques are available for alleviating roost problems, including habitat manipulation, roost dispersal with mechanical and pyrotechnic devices (Mott et al 1978), and, where necessary, direct population reduction (DeGrazio 1964). These techniques, however, have limitations due to weather, roost accessibility, logistics, and adverse public reaction. In the past, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) has been used effectively as a bird-frightening agent in agricultural crops (Besser 1976), but until now has not been adequately tested for its effectiveness as …

Effects Of The Roost Site On The Energetics Of Blackbirds And Starlings, Sheldon Lustick, Michael Kelty

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

To augment their physiological and physical thermoregulatory capacity, many birds display long-term behavioral adjustments; the significance of this has been considered, yet detailed information is lacking (Dawson and Hudson 1970; Calder and King 1974). One such behavioral adjustment appears to be communal roosting in sheltered areas during winter nights. This behavior has been demonstrated in nuthatches (Sitta spp.) (Knorr 1957), finches (Leucosticte spp.) (French 1959; King and Wales 1964), eastern bluebirds (Siala sialis) (Frazier and Nolan 1959), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoniceus), brown headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), bronzed grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) (Francis 1976), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (Francis 1976; Yom-Tov et …

An Experimental Design For Investigating Winter Bird Depredation At South Texas Feedlots, R. E. Williams

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Large aggregations of birds concentrating around livestock feedyards during fall and winter months have been a common occurrence in many parts of the country (Besser et al. 1968; Dolbeer et al. 1978; Levingston 1967; Palmer 1976; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1976). Extensive utilization of livestock feedyards by these flocking birds has been reported to result in economic losses to the feedyard operator due to feed consumption. In Colorado, seasonal feed losses to starlings obtaining 50% of their daily food at feedlots were calculated to be $84 per 1,000 birds; seasonal losses to red-winged blackbirds (Ageliaus phoeniceus) obtaining 10% of …

Primary And Secondary Losses In Corn Following Simulated Bird Damage, Paul P. Woronecki, Robert H. Stehn, Richard A. Dolbeer

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Blackbird (Icteridae) damage to maturing corn (Zea mays) in the milk and dough stages has long been considered a severe problem in localized areas of the United States (Stone et al. 1972). Most estimates of primary loss to corn yields are based on visual or measured surface area estimates of damage to individual ears (Linehan 1967; De Grazio et al. 1969; DeHaven 1974; Granett et al. 1974). These estimates of loss ignore any compensating growth in the undamaged kernels and secondary losses from insects and disease that may have occurred following damage. Numerous studies of fruit, small grain, and hay …

Clinic On Pigeon Control, Jim Steckel, Stu Amrine, Mike Pompili

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In this open discussion session, led by Jim Steckel, a variety of topics and problems of particular interest to PCOs are touched upon. A tape was made during the program, then a transcript prepared. The following edited text follows the flow of questions and comments through the session.

Significance Of Hemolytic Activity Of Some Radiation- Resistant Micrococci In Food, Ardyce Welch, R. Burt Maxcy

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Micrococci resistant to 1 Mrad ofgamma radiation were isolated from irradiated chicken. Three isolates were hemolytic on blood agar plates and were selected for further study.Two other radiation-resistant micrococci, Micrococcus radiodurans and Micrococcus radiophilus, were included in the study because there is only a very limited amount of information regarding hemolytic activity of these organisms and their potential role of public health importance. Tests to determine hemolytic patterns, hemolytic activity of extracellular substances, leukocytic activity, presence of enzymes commonly associated with pathogenicity (coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase), and pathogenicity for laboratory animals all suggested that the organisms would not be of …

Agricultural Experiment Station News October 1979

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - September 1979

The Probe, Issue 2 - October 1979

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:

WHEN IS A PELT NOT WORTH TAKING?
NEWS FROM DISNEY WORLD, D.C.
NADCA TAKES A STAND AT "SCOPE" HEARINGS
THERE'S A NEW KOOK ON THE BLOCK
ADC LOSES ANOTHER SHELL GAME
NADCA MEMBERSHIP IS A PRIZE
TRAP TIPS
Vice-President Homer S. Ford
Region I Director - Willard E. Nelson
Region II Director - Clyde R Madsen
Region III Director - Wesley R. Jones
Region IV Director - John C. Jones
Region V Director - Howard A. Merrill
Bird related topics

Farm, Ranch And Home Quarterly Institute Of Agriculture And Natural Resources, University Of Nebraska- Lincoln

Farm, Ranch and Home Quarterly

In this issue:

IANR Informs Nebraska .................................... 2

Electromagnetic Energy- Study Aims At Pest Control ............................... 3

IAN R Staff Reaches Out With' Partners' Exchange....................... 6

Weather or Not ... Climatology Center Prepares For the Future ................. 9

Compost: A Solution For Feedlot Wastes ...................... 13

Electron Microscope- An 'Eye' on Cattle Digestion .............................. 16

ALYSSA: Fascinating, Frustrating, Exhausting and Unsinkable ......................... 19

Research Digest .......................................... 21

The Hamburger Story- Beef Shortages Exceed Demands .......................... 22

Dixon County 4-Hers Adopt Grandparents ................... 24

Hybrid or Crossbred?- Genetic Study Shows the Basic Difference .................. 26

A New And Unusual Eimerian (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) From The Liver Of The Gulf Killifish, Fundulus Grandis, Donald W. Duszynski, Mobashir A. Solangi, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Oocysts and sporocysts of Eimeria funduli sp. n. are described from the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, on the basis of light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and location in the liver of infected hosts. The spherical sporulated oocysts of E. funduli isolated from liver tissue measure 20-31(25) μm across with ovoid sporocysts 9-11 × 5-7 (10 × 6) μm. A micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst residuum are absent, but sporocysts have Stieda and substieda bodies, a few residual granules, and 10-25 (15) unique projecting structures with expanded distal portions that we term “sporopodia.” Sporopodia 1-3 (2) μm high …

Records Of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) From Suriname, Hugh H. Genoways, Stephen L. Williams

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Ten species are added to the 60 species of bats already known to occur in Suriname. The species added include Micronycteris minuta, M. nicefori, Phylloderma stenops, Tonatia bidens, T. brasiliense, Carollia brevicauda, Chiroderma trinitatum, Vampyressa bidens, Promops centralis, and P. nasutus. Additional information is presented on five species previously recorded from Suriname, including Pteronotus parnellii, Mimon crenulatum, Artibeus concolor, Chiroderma villosum, and Sturnira tildae.

A Pressure Injection Device For Inoculation Of Maize With Bacterial Phytopathogens, Randall R. Carlson, A. K. Vidaver, David S. Wysong, J. H. Riesselman

Biological Process Development Facility: Staff Publications

A pressure injection device (PID) was used to inoculate maize (Zea mays) with bacterial phytopathogens. The PID was evaluated for its speed, effectiveness, and precision relative to the needle-eye method of inoculation. Corynebacterium nebraskense, Erwinia stewartii, and Pseudomonas andropogonis were each used successfully as inocula to infect maize and produce symptoms typical of Goss's wilt, Stewart's wilt and bacterial stripe, respectively. Quantitative inoculation with the PID was faster and as statistically precise as using a calibrated needle-eye.

Results Of The Ninth International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery Grown In 1977, S. L. Kuhr, K. D. Wilhelmi, V. A. Johnson, P. J. Mattern, J. W. Schmidt

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This is the ninth report of results from an International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery (IWWPN) organized in 1968 by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the Science and Education Administration (SEA), U.S. Department of Agriculture, under a contract with the Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State. The Nursery was designed to (1) test the adaptation and stability of winter wheat cultivars in a range of latitudes, daylengths, fertility conditions, water management regimes, and disease complexes; (2) identify superior winter cultivars to serve as recipient genotypes for high protein and high lysine genes, (3) test the degree of expression …

Agricultural Experiment Station News September 1979

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS – August 1979

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (September 1979) 47(3)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

1979 (Fifty-fourth) Spring Migration and Occurrence Report .......................... 42

The Seventy-eight Annual Meeting ................................................ 54

1979 Fall Field Day................................. 55

Book Reviews.............................................................. 56

Successful Golden Eagle Nest in Southwest Nebraska ............................... 57

Notes ......................................................................... 57

The Probe, Issue 1 - September 1979

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:

GENESIS
first issue of the NADCA Newsletter
USDA TAKES A "STAND"
WHAT IS AN NADCA?
PURPOSES OF NADCA?
WHAT CONTROLS NADCA ACTIONS?
WHO CAN BE A MEMBER OF THE NADCA?
WHO ARE THE OFFICERS?
WHAT TYPES OF MEMBERSHIPS ARE AVAILABLE?
HOW CAN I BECOME A MEMBER?
VACOR DOWN THE TUBE
MEMORIAL: Robert Evans and Gary L. Lambert
President George S. Rost
Secretary/Treasurer William D. Fitzwater

Distribution And Natural History Of Amphibians And Reptiles In Western Nebraska With Ecological Notes On The Herpetiles Of Arapaho Prairie, Royce E. Ballinger, John D. Lynch, Patrick H. Cole

Papers in Herpetology

Introduction: The distribution and natural history of amphibians and reptiles have been little studied in the northern states of the great plains. Relative to other vertebrate groups, the herpetofauna of grasslands is depauperate particularly at higher latitudes where temperature becomes a limiting factor to poikilotherms. Nevertheless, certain species of amphibians and reptiles are common in specific habitats and thus form a conspicuous component of the prairie fauna. The purposes of the present study were to document the distributions of herpetiles in a specified region of western Nebraska and to describe general aspects of their natural history. We hope such information …

Specialized Insectivory: Beetle-Eatinga Nd Moth-Eating Molossid Bats, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The structure and mechanics of insectivores have been little studied. An effort is made here to compare and contrast jaw characteristics of insectivorous bats with those of herbivores and carnivores. Further, in one particular family of bats (Molossidae) jaw modifications are such that animals that take hard-shelled insect prey can be distinguished from those that take soft-shelled insect prey. Beetle-eaters generally have thick jaws, well-developed cranial crests, and fewer but bigger teeth, whereas moth-eaters have thin jaws, little crest build-up, and more but smaller teeth.