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Masthead From Nebraska Bird Review (March 1983) 51(1)

Nebraska Bird Review

Published quarterly in March, June, September, and December by the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc. as its official journal and sent free to all members who are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions (on calendar year basis only) are $7.00 per year in the United States and $9.00 per year in all other countries, payable in advance Single copies are $2.25 each, postpaid.

Memberships (on a calendar year basis only): Student, $3.00; Active, $7.00; Sustaining, $15.00; Family Active. $10.00; Family Sustaining, $20.00; Life, $100.00,

A Winter Roadside Survey Of Hawks In Eastern Nemaha County, Nebraska, Steve Shupe, Robert Collins

Nebraska Bird Review

During the winters of 1980-81 and 1981-82 roadside surveys of hawks were conducted on 76 square miles (196.8 square kilometers) of Nemaha County, Nebraska. Forty surveys were conducted each winter to acquire baseline data on distribution and populations. Ten species were observed, with the Red-tailed Hawk (49.7%) and the American Kestrel (21.5%) comprising more than 70%of all sightings. Population estimates for each species were determined by using square mile extrapolation and the bounded count method. Intervals of confidence were calculated in an attempt to determine upper and lower winter population limits.

1982 Treasurer's Report

Nebraska Bird Review

1982 Treasurer's Report

1982 Christmas Count

Nebraska Bird Review

One hundred and one species (thirteen more than last year) were reported in the 1982 Christmas Count, and one species (the same as last year) was reported present during the count period but not recorded on the count day on any count. Eight localities reported this year, one more than last year, Kearney being the addition. Two additional races (Flickers were not shown on the tabulation) were reported; the same as last year, and one hybrid was reported this year, with none last year. The total individual count this year was 302,646 compared to 64,054. The Snow Goose count accounted …

1982 (Twenty-Fifth) Fall Occurrence Report

Nebraska Bird Review

Two hundred sixty-nine species, from 10 localities, are listed in this report. Comparable figures for previous years are: 277 species from 14 localities in 1981,281 (and a possible Veery) from 12 localities in 1980, and 284 from 11 in 1979.

The information is presented in a rough west (left) to east (right) order, with locations of about the same longitude listed with the northernmost first. Two dates indicate the first and last records for the period. The symbols used are:

Jl, Au, Sp, Ot, No, and Om for the months

Two Additions To The Nebraska List, Rick Wright, Doug G. Thomas

Nebraska Bird Review

OLIVACEOUS CORMORANT The University of Nebraska State Museum has in its possession a specimen of Olivaceous Cormorant (Phalacrocorx olivaceus) taken 2 October 1982 in Sutherland County, Nebraska. The bird was confiscated and turned over to us by a game warden.

Rick Wright, W504 B Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588

PHAINOPEPLA On 1 January 1983, at 8 A.M. I'd just chipped out the birdbath and refilled it with warm water. I was kneeling in the doorway of the garage, preparing goodies for the "children", when stroboscopic flashes of white outside the door caught my eye. I looked back toward the …

Index Selection And Feed Intake Restriction In Swine, Ii: Effect On Energy Utilization, Erik R. Cleveland, R. K. Johnson, R. W. Mandigo, E. R. Peo Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fifty-three index select and control line barrows were randomly assigned to three feeding levels at 83 d of age. They were slaughtered at approximately 188 d of age to determine the effects of index selection (for increased average daily gain and decreased backfat) and level of feed intake on energy utilization. During the trial, the feed intake levels were twice daily to appetite (AP), once daily feeding of 91% of appetite (AP91) or once daily feeding of 82% of appetite (AP82) intake. The metabolizable energy intake required per kilogram of edible lean deposited (Mcal/kg) was reduced (P.75)^-1 x day …

Water Current, Volume 15, No. 2, March/April 1983

Water Current Newsletter

Director's Report
1983 Water Conference Recap
Funding for Water Research
New System to Summarize Nation's Water Resources
Nebraska Irrigation Statistics Up
Platte Lecture Series
Farm and Ranch Report Set for Second Season
Missouri River Allocation Conference
Expertise Directory Available
Conferences and Short Courses
Research Review: The Biological Regulation of Bloom-Causing Blue-Green Algae: A Feasible Alternative

Yield, Vigor, And Persistence Of Sand Lovegrass [Eragrostis Trichodes (Nutt.) Wood] Following Clipping Treatments, Lowell E. Moser, L. J. Perry

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Individual sand lovegrass [Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood.] plants on a choppy sands range site in Nebraska’s Sandhills were clipped with 7 different harvest regimes for 3 years to determine critical defoliation times. After 3 years unclipped plants had the greatest survival rate and plants harvested only once a year on June 10 or July 10 survived better than those with other harvest regimes. Top and root yields, new tiller counts, and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) levels were all reduced severely with multiple harvests within one year. Sand lovegrass plants cannot tolerate close defoliation at anytime of the year although …

Quantification Of Competition Among Coexisting Heteromyids In The Southwest, Cliff A. Lemen, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Three trapping grids, 225 m on a side were established in the desert of southern New Mexico. On grid 1 all Dipodomys (Heteromyidae, Rodentia) were removed; on grid 2 all Perognathus (Heteromyidae, Rodentia) were removed; and on grid 3 no rodents were removed. All grids were censused at two-week intervals for six weeks. When the larger Dipodomys (40g) were removed, the Perognathus (15g) population increased 2.56-fold (from 27 to 69 individuals) in two weeks. Removal of Perognathus had no effect on numbers of Dipodomys. Our data allow us to estimate the magnitude of the competition between Dipodomys and Perognathus …

Trox Hamatus Robinson (Troginae) Using A Canthon (Scarabaeinae) Brood Ball And New Records Of North American Trox (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Trox hamatus Robinson was observed feeding on an abandoned Canthon brood ball in southeastern Nebraska. Although some Aphodiinae and Scarabaeinae have been reported feeding on or stealing other scarabaeine dung balls, this represents the first reported observation of this behavior for a member of the Troginae. It is suggested that the brood ball was opportunistically used by the Trox, and the event is rare. In addition, new state records are provided for Trox aequalis Say, T. atrox LeConte, T. laticollis LeConte, and T. tesselatus (LeConte).

Agricultural Experiment Station News February 1983

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
TRAVEL TO SCHOLARLY MEETINGS
PROFESSIONAL TRAVEL FUNDS
GRANT PROPOSALS TO COMMODITY CHECK-OFF BOARDS
AES ADVISORY COUNCIL
AES DIRECTOR'S OFFICE MOVES
NATIONAL AG LIBRARY
APPROVED PROJECTS
AES GRANTS RECEIVED FOR 1ST SIX MONTHS OF FY 83
New Experiment Station Personnel

The Probe, Issue 29 - February 1983

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

The Probe National Animal Damage Control Association February, 1983
FIRST EASTERN WILDLIFE DAMAGE CONTROL CONFERENCE
SIXTH SOUTHEAST DEER STUDY GROUP
Burrow fumigant for ground squirrels
Calling Predators
Rabies
Coyotes: Predators and survivors
Rat Bait
Humane Society
Animal rights activists
Bromethalin
Procedures for evaluating predation on livestock and wildlife
Do your sunflowers droop?
The sink or swim Everglades herd
Bobcat suit by the Defenders of Wildlife
Letters to the Editor
Ol’ Timer’s Corner

Cranes Of The World [Complete Work], Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes are a group of birds that can lift the human spirit as few other wild animals can do; their great size, marvelous soaring abilities, humanoid traits such as "dancing," and penetrating voices, all strike deep into the human psyche and forcefully remind us of the beauty and mystery of the natural world around us. We cannot lose even a single species of crane without seriously rendering our own existence that much poorer. It is in that spirit that I decided to write the present book, which I hope will be of value to ecologists, ethologists, conservationists, aviculturalists, and anyone …

The Effects Of Level Of Crude Protein On Performance Of Growing Boars, R. W. Tyler, W. G. Luce, R. K. Johnson, C. V. Maxwell, R. L. Hintz, L. E. Walters

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Five trials involving 432 growing boars were utilized to study the effects of six levels of crude protein on gain, feed efficiency, feed intake, backfat thickness and longissimus muscle area. The boars were fed ad libitum either a 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 or 24% crude protein diet from about 24.6 to 54.4 kg (period 1). From 54.4 to 98.8 kg (period 2), the crude protein in each diet was reduced by 2%. During period 1, gain increased and feed to gain ratio decreased quadratically (P<.05)with increasing dietary crude protein in corn-soybean meal based diets and were maximum at protein levels of 20 to 22%. Feed intake was not affected by dietary protein level. During period 2, protein level did not significantly affect rate of gain, feed efficiency or feed intake. Overall, gain increased quadratically (P<.05)with increasing protein levels and was maximum for boars fed the 20/18% protein sequence during periods 1 .and 2, respectively. Feed to gain ratio decreased linearly (P<.05) with increasing dietary protein intake. Feed intake was not affected by dietary protein level. Scan backfat thickness and longissimus muscle area obtained at the end of the trial indicated that backfat decreased linearly (P<.05) with increasing protein intake, while longissimus muscle area increased quadratically (P<.05) as protein in the diet increased. These results indicate that small improvements in average daily gain, feed efficiency, longissimus muscle area and backfat thickness can be made by feeding protein levels to growing boars approximately 2% higher than the currently recommended 18% protein diet during the growing period (24.6 to 58.4 kg), followed by an 18% diet during the finishing period (54.8 to 98.8 kg).

Breed And Heterosis Effects On Testicular Development And Endocrine Function Of Puberal Boars, R. W. Fent, R. P. Wettemann, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Purebred and two-breed cross Duroc, Landrace, Spotted and Yorkshire boars were evaluated at 218 ± 6 d of age to determine the influence of breed on testicular development and on concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in blood serum after treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Concentrations of LH and testosterone were determined in serum samples obtained from the vena cava of 139 boars just before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after an im injection of 200/ μg of GnRH. The right testes of 136 boars were removed and sperm numbers were determined in homogenates of testicular …

Bird Dispersal Recordings: An Overview, Robert H. Schmidt, Ron J. Johnson

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Copyright® 1983 by ASTM International. Used by permission.

Results Of The Eleventh International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery Grown In 1979, S. L. Kuhr, V. A. Johnson, P. J. Mattern, J. W. Schmidt

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

This is the eleventh report of results from an International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery (IWWPN) organized in 1968 by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture, under contract number AID/ta-C-1093 with the U.S. International Development Corporation, Agency for International Development. The Nursery was designed to (1) test the adaptation and stability of winter wheat cultivars in a range of latitudes, daylengths, fertility conditions, water management regimes, and disease complexes; (2) identify superior winter cultivars to serve as recipient genotypes for high protein and high lysine genes; (3) test the degree …

G83-655 Management Of Early Weaned Calves, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the benefits and disadvantages of weaning beef calves early, including rations and methods for both drylot and pasture-grain feeding programs.

Early weaning of beef calves is a management practice that should be considered under situations such as fall calving, drylot cow-calf production and drought. In areas where forage quality is very poor in late summer and early fall, early weaning might also be considered as a regular practice. Early weaning can enhance the efficiency of drylot cow-calf operations by allowing greater use of poor quality roughages by the cow herd.

Animal Model Of Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency: Hormonal Responses To Lhrh Immunoneutralization, Bruce D. Schanbacher, Hugh F. English, Douglas Gross, Richard J. Santen, Michael F. Walker, Richard E. Falvo

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Five intact male mongrel dogs, characterized by an episodic secretory pattern of LH and normal serum testosterone concentrations, were actively immunized against LHRH by subcutaneous injections of 200 g of a LHRH-human serum albumin conjugate at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. After 12 weeks, two dogs having the highest antibody titers to LHRH (25% and 51% binding of I-LHRH in serum diluted 1:1000 B/Bo) had low to nondetectable serum concentrations of LH and testosterone, whereas serum FSH concentrations were significantly reduced in only one of these dogs. Immunocytochemical techniques showed that the pituitaries of these same two dogs had smaller …

Animal Model Of Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency: Morphologic Responses To Lhrh Immunoneutralization, Hugh F. English, Bruce D. Schanbacher, Douglass Gross, Michael F. Walker, Richard E. Falvo, Richard J. Santen

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Morphologic changes in the male reproductive system of mongrel dogs immunized against LHRH were quantitated using linear measurements and morphometric techniques at the light-microscopic level. Two experimental groups (5 nonimmunized control animals and 5 actively immunized animals) were killed 12 weeks after the primary immunization. No significant differences were observed between three immunized dogs having low LHRH antibody titers (immunized-unaffected) and the five nonimmunized control dogs. The two inimunized dogs (affected) with the highest antibody titers against LHRH were characterized by atrophy and dedifferentiation of the testes, prostate, and excurrent ducts. The morphologic changes in the testes of these two …

Ec83-219 1983 Nebraska Swine Report, J. D. Crenshaw, E. R. Peo Jr., R. D. Fritschen, Roy L. Carlson, Rodger K. Johnson, William Ahlschwede, Robert M. Timm, Murray Danielson, J. B. Campbell, Gary L. Asche, Austin J. Lewis, A. D. Flowerday, Warren William Sahs, M. C. Brumm, J. A. Deshazer, Douglas G. Overhults, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder, Temple Grandin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1983 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Furunculosis And Other Diseases Caused By Aeromonas Salmonicida, G. L. Bullock, R. C. Cipriano, S. F. Snieszko

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Aeromonas salmonicida is a gram-negative bacterium that usually produces a water-soluble brown pigment. It was first described by Emmerich and Weibel (1890) as the cause of salmonid furunculosis in Germany. Although the disease was first considered to be limited to salmonids, studies by the Furunculosis Committee (Mackie et al. 1930, 1933, 1935) showed that A. salmonicida also infected other fish species. Present indications are that A. salmonicida or its variants also produce other diseases, such as ulcerative disease of goldfish (Carassius auratus), erythrodermatitis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), ulcer disease of trout, and systemic infections among …

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (Ipn) Of Salmonid Fishes, Phillip E. Mcallister

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a viral disease principally associated with salmonids, although IPN and lPN-like viruses have been isolated from various nonsa1rnonid fish and marine invertebrates. Acute infection occurs in 1- to 4-month-old salmonids and can result in cumulative mortality approaching 100%. In contrast, fish 6 months old or older can undergo subclinical or inapparent infection, but experience no significant mortality. Survivors of the disease can become lifelong carriers of the virus. Epizootics of IPN have been reported worldwide, and several virus serotypes are recognized. The disease known as IPN was probably first described by M'Gonigle (1941) as acute …

Chapter 11 Proactive Or Risk Management Cases 11.1 Drought In The U.S. Great Plains, Norman J. Rosenberg, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

There is good evidence that droughts have been a recurrent feature of the climate of the Great Plains for as far back. at least. as man has inhabited the region. Much of the evidence is based on chronologies of tree rings. Specimens of red cedar and western yellow pine found in western Nebraska were studied by Weakly (1965). In the time span extending back to 1220 A.D, he found many short periods of drought. Droughts frequently lasted for more than five years. and one such period lasted 38 years. Will (1946) found a similar pattern in central North Dakota extending …

G83-665 Hemp Dogbane, John D. Furrer, Alex R. Martin, Fred W. Roeth

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes hemp dogbane, including how it spreads, and provides recommendations for cultural and chemical control. Hemp dogbane is a perennial broadleaf weed native to North America. In Nebraska it is most prevalent in the eastern and central areas, but is occasionally found throughout the state.

Cranes Of The World: Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides Virgo), Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Other Vernacular Names:
None in General English use; Shuai-yu-hao (Chinese); Grue demoisella, Demoiselle de Numidae (French); Jungfernkranich (German); Karkarra (Hindi); Aneha-zuru (Japanese); Krasavka zhuravl (Russian); Grulla damisela, Grulla moruria (Spanish).

Range:
Bred at least formerly in northwestern Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, possibly northern Morocco); currently breeds in Europe from the southern IJkraine and the Crimea through southeastern Russia (north to the region of Volgograd and south to the steppes to the east of the lower Volga), eastward through the steppes of the Kirghiz, western Siberia, southern Minusinsk, and the Altai, Lake Baikal, and of southern Transbaikalia, to the steppes of northwestern …

Monoculture, Polyculture, And Polyvariety In Tropical Forest Swidden Cultivation, Raymond B. Hames

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

A number of researchers have suggested that polyculture is characteristic of native tropical forest swiddens and have adduced theory from community ecology to account for its adaptiveness. Ye’kwana and Yąnomamö swidden cultivation is examined, and it is shown that polyculture is not practiced to any significant degree. Instead, the concept of polyvariety is introduced along with a number of other cultivation practices that more simply account for the adaptiveness of Ye’kwana and Yąnomamö gardening. In addition, comparative data from other parts of the tropical world indicate that polyculture is no more common than monoculture and recent advances in ecological research …

A Balb/C Congenic Strain Of Mice That Carries A Genetic Locus (ItyR) Controlling Resistance To Intracellular Parasites, Michael Potter, Alison D. O'Brien, Emil Skamene, Philippe Gros, Adrien Forget, Patricia A. L. Kongshavn, Judith S. Wax

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

BALB/c.DBA/2 Idh-1^b-Ity^r-Pep-3^b congenic mice were developed by introgressively backcrossing the Idh-1^b and Pep-3^b markers of DBA/2 mice onto the BALB/cπ mice. This introduced a 30-centimorgan chromosome 1 segment of DBA/2 chromatin that contained the Ity^r gene. BALB/c.DBA/2 Idh-1^b-Ity^r-Pep-3^b mice were resistant to in vivo infections by Salmonella typhimurium, Mycobacterium bovis, and Leishmania donovani.

Purification And Characterization Of A Shigella Dysenteriae 1- Like Toxin Produced By Escherichia Coli, Alison D. O'Brien, Gerald D. Laveck

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

A toxin from an enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli H30) was purified to apparent homogeneity from cell lysates. The steps used to isolate the E. coli H30 toxin included French pressure-cell disruption of bacteria grown in iron-depleted media, Affi-Gel Blue chromatography, chromatofocusing, and anti- Shiga toxin affinity chromatography. The mobilities of the subunits of radioiodinated E. coli H30 toxin and Shiga toxin observed after the two toxins were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were identical. In the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, a narrow band was seen at M_r 31,500 (±1,000), and a wide heavy band …