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Far Corner Of The Strange Empire Central Alberta On The Eve Of Homestead Settlement, William C. Wonders

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, what is now central Alberta was a region in transition. For centuries the area had been inhabited by native Indian peoples, but with the advance of homestead settlement, it became a marginal part of what Joseph Howard has called the "strange empire," a portion of the northern Great Plains that was marked by unrest at the end of one era and the beginning of another. The changes that affected the Red River Valley and later the Saskatchewan Valley had significant local repercussions in this far corner of the "empire," the valley of …

Review Of Grasses And Grasslands: Systematics And Ecology Edited By James R. Estes, Ronald J. Tyrl, And Jere N. Brunken, Robert B. Kaul

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The past decade has seen a revival of biologists' interests in grasslands, and the results are papers, books, and symposia on grassland plants and ecosystems. This book is the product of a symposium at the thirtieth annual meeting of the Amercan Institute of Biological Science at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, and as such will appeal mostly to biologists.

The two parts of the book are integrated by the theme of evolution, the first part dealing with the taxonomy and evolution of grasses themselves and the second part with the evolutionary ecology of grasslands as systems. While taxonomy is one of …

Russian Wolves In Folktales And Literature Of The Plains A Question Of Origins, Paul Schach

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

F or the past several years, my research associate, Robert Buchheit, and I have collected recordings of German dialects spoken by people advanced in years who immigrated to the United States and settled in the Great Plains region decades ago. Our purpose has been to acquire aural records of folk languages, to study the linguistic transformations that have occurred in them, and to preserve permanently languages that will soon disappear. In the course of our research, we have encouraged our informants to speak freely of their personal experiences, family histories, customs, and culture. The numerous recordings that we have made …

The Probe, Issue 31 - April 1983

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

The Probe National Animal Damage Control Association NO. 3 1 APRIL, 1983
USFWS applied to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Photographing wildlife
Basic Hunter’s Guide
Bird control materials
California Vertebrate Pest Conference
Anti-trap people
Animal Rights
Letters to Ye Ed
Dr. Walter E. Howard Homer S. Ford Ki Faulkner Keith Carpenter Lee Bacus
Ban Bird Banders
Board Chairman of the National Woolgrowers Association
Coyote Roadrunners

Farm, Ranch And Home Quarterly Institute Of Agriculture And Natural Resources, University Of Nebraska- Lincoln

Farm, Ranch and Home Quarterly

In this issue:

2001 Assesses Needs..................... 2

Fats In your Diet-What Role Do They Play?...................... 3

Energy-Integrated Farming- Research and Demonstration For Energy Self-Sufficiency....................6

Consider Plant Disease in Row Crop Conservation Tillage ...............................14

Increase Production From Dry-land Pastures on Sandy Soil ..............................18

The COMPUTER-Its Time Is Now .................. 20

The Status of Family Farming in Nebraska................... 22

Simulation Of Heterosis Effects On Costs Of Pork Production, G. L. Bennett, M. W. Tess, G. E. Dickerson, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Individual plus maternal heterotic effects on swine production were simulated with a bioeconomic model by changing performance levels of eight traits: -8 d in age at puberty, +3% in conception rate, +.94 in pigs born/litter, +.035 kg in pig birth weight, +2.05 Mcal•sow^-1•d ^-1 in maximum milk output, +8% in preweaning survival, +10.8% in protein growth rate and +17.3% in fat growth rate. Associated heterosis simulated for other traits, such as weaning weights and postweaning gain/feed, was similar to experimental results. Effects of heterosis on biological (feed Mcal/kg) and economic ($/kg) costs were evaluated by simulating two- and …

False Positive Results In The Vanillin-Hel Assay Of Tannins In Sorghum Forage, M. F. Walton, Francis A. Haskins, H. J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Vanillin-HCl procedures are widely used for the assay of tannins in plants. In attempts to adapt such procedures for use with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] forage it was found that false positive reactions resulted, that is, red color developed in the presence of HCl with or without vanillin. Leucoanthocyanidins (monomeric proanthocyanidins) may be the constituents responsible for this red color. A "chloroform-HCl" procedure was developed for measuring leucoanthocyanidins in sorghum forage. The procedure avoids interference by chlorophyll or other chloroform-soluble constituents. With vanillin added to the solution, this procedure should also be useful for the assay of condensed …

Variability For Traits Used To Estimate Silage Quality In Forage Sorghum Hybrids, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Francis A. Haskins, H. J. Gorz, R. Britton

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The variation among 49 F₁ forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] hybrids from a 7 X 7 cross-classified design was explored in 1979 and 1980 for the following silage traits: dry matter (DM), crude protein, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, ammonia, lactate, and Brix of the juice from fresh stalks. Wider ranges generally were found for male than for female parental means. Means for most traits were significantly different among entries. Significant differences among hybrid means over males and over females were found for only DM, IVDMD, and …

Review Of The Grizzlies Of Mount Mckinley By Adolph Muire, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of The Grizzlies of Mount McKinley by Adolph Murie. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Scientific Monograph Series No. 14. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1981. xvi, 251 p., ill.

Genetic And Environmental Determinants Of Wing Polymorphism In The Waterstrider Limnoporus Canaliculatus, Anthony J. Zera, David J. Innes, Margaret E. Saks

Anthony Zera Publications

Wing polymorphism commonly occurs in many insects, especially species of Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, and Hemiptera (Harrison, 1980). The polymorphism consists of discrete differences in wing length with morphs exhibiting fully developed, reduced, or totally absent wings. In addition to differences in wing length, morphs often differ in a number of other characteristics such as degree of flight muscle development, duration of nymphal development, time to first reproduction, fertility and diapause (Anderson, 1973; Vepsäläinen, 1978; Harrison, 1980).

Wing polymorphism is an attractive system for investigating the evolution of dispersal in natural populations (Vepsäläinen, 1978; Denno and Grissell, 1979; Harrison, 1980). A …

Economics Of Microtus Control In Eastern U.S. Orchards, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Chemical methods were found to be less expensive for control of voles (Microtus spp.) in orchards than the use of clean culture (combinations of herbicides, mowing, and cultivation). Ground cover sprays of hexachloroepoxyoctahydro-endo-endo-dimethanaphthalene (Endrin) or 2-[(p-chlorophenyl) phenylacetyl-l,3-indandione (Chlorophacinone, CPN, Rozol) required greater equipment and pesticide costs than hand placed or broadcast baits. Since active ingredient rates for ground cover sprayed chemicals may be 100-400 times that for hand placement or broadcast baiting, the costs for any new ground spray will likely be too expensive to be practical. Broadcast baiting, while less labor intensive than hand baiting, was found to be …

Economics And Control Of Damage Caused By Low-Density Populations Of Meadow Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Live trapping and questionnaires were used to evaluate amount, distribution, and costs of control of damage to Ontario apple trees by meadow voles (Microtus enns lvanicus) in 1981-82. In a sample of 180 orchards, 5802 (0.77%) trees were damaged or killed by voles. Orchards with high levels of damage (> 2.5%) were smaller than the average orchard in our sample. Application of rodenticides showed no relationship to levels of damage, but was effective in short-term population reduction. Growers spent an average of $17/ha on rodenticides and $38/ha on herbicides, and they estimated that voles destroyed 2% of their crop each …

Effect Of 6-Mboa On Microtus Pinetorum And Microtus Pennsylvanicus Of Different Ages, J. A. Cranford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Short-lived small rodents require environmental cues to synchronize their breeding with optimal environmental conditions. In the absence of such cues animals would waste a large portion of their reproductive effort when environmental conditions were unfavorable. Rowan (1938) noted that endocrine systems regulating mammalian reproduction responded to the environmental photoperiodic cues. Bodenheimer (1946) observed that major outbreaks of voles in Palestine could not be correlated with environmental factors such as climate, photoperiod, volume of food resources, or population density, acting either alone or in combination. From those studies he suggested that vole outbreaks were associated with an unknown factor or factors …

Effect Of Group Size On Body Weight In Different Thermal Environments For Microtus Pinetorum, J. A. Cranford, N. N. Thumser

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Seasonal variation in growth rates has been well documented in some small rodents (Kubik, 1965; Brown, 1973; Iverson and Turner, 1974; Peterborg, 1978; Pistole and Cranford, 1983). During winter juveniles tend to show little or no growth; however, Kubik (1965) found that Cleithronomys glareolus born in late fall went through a two-phase growth pattern. Growing rapidly until winter and then resuming rapid growth the following spring. Additionally, Brown (1973) has reported the same two-phase growth in Microtus pennsylvanicus. Iverson and Turner (1974) demonstrated that Microtus pennsylvanicus adults showed a loss of weight during winter, and Pistole and Cranford (1983) have …

Effects Of Coprophagy In Microtine Rodents, Jack A. Cranford, E. O. Johnson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Digestion and assimilation strategies of herbivorous mammals are diverse but fall into two major categories (Moir, 1968; Gartner and Pfaff, 1979; Hume and Warner, 1980). The most complex of which occurs in the lagomorphs and has been well studied. In contrast rodents exhibit great variability in diet and nutritional biology (Landry, 1970; Baker, 1971; Kenagy and Hoyt, 1980). Early reports of coprophagy by rodents were incidental or descriptive, and indicated it was infrequent (Howell and Gersh, 1935; Ingles, 1961; Wilkes, 1962; Hoover et al., 1969; Jarvis, 1981). Rats mechanically prevented from reingesting feces showed reduced growth rates (Barnes et al., …

Regulation Of Reproduction In An Outbred Colony Of Pine Voles, John J. Lepri

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) cause economic losses to orchardists in the eastern United States by gnawing on the roots of fruit trees. Although they are small in body size, their impact on orchards can be quite substantial: in 1979 half of the annual mortality of apple trees in Henderson County, North Carolina, was attributed to vole damage (Sutton et a1 1981). Rodenticide application integrated with cultural management is currently regarded as a good combination for controlling vole populations in orchards. However, this solution to the vole problem is incomplete because poisons may unintentionally harm non-target organisms (Hegda1, Gatz & Fite …

Acceptability Of Six Candidate Groundcovers To Meadow Voles, Edwin Lewis, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Meadow vole food preferences were examined by means of a series Of two day trials where pairs of plants were offered. Of the six plants tested, three (white clover, red clover, alfalfa) were found to be highly preferred by the voles, one (red fuscue) was acceptable, and two species (myrtle and crownvetch) were unacceptable. The results suggest that the undesirable groundcovers may be used as a deterrent to the establishment of meadow vole populations.

Movements Of Meadow Voles In Winter: Implications For Vole Management In Orchard Habitat, Dale M. Madison, Randall W. Fitzgerald, William J. Mcshea

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The movements of meadow voles in a field population were studied using radiotelemetry during fall and winter. The voles changed from a dispersed, solitary dispersion pattern during early autumn to social clusters with communal nesting during winter. This shift occurred as the daily median temperature approached freezing. Movement was inhibited and localized during winter, except under snow when the voles exhibited a freedom of movement not experienced during other times of the year. Overwinter management of meadow voles in orchard habitats is discussed in view of these findings.

Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles In An Orchard, Ralph E. Pagano

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Several radiotelemetry studies have now been completed in the orchards of the mid-Hudson Valley, New York. The results of one of these projects, a l2-month study of the movements and habitat use of pine and meadow voles, will be reported on here. The success of an integrated vole management program using cultural practices and rodenticides depends a great deal on knowing the movements and habitat use of the two orchard vole species. Species interactions that could lead to differential use of the orchard habitat are another important element in a vole management program. This study focused on three major objectives: …

The Efficacy Of Several Broadcast Rodenticides In The Mid-Hudson Valley, New York, Ralph Pagano, Jay Mcaninch

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

As summarized by LaVoie and Tietjen (1978), many aspects of vole control using rodenticides including the costs/benefits of rodenticide use, applicator limitations in commercial orchards, and vole biology have not received proper attention. Data relating vole population levels to damage severity have not been generated and thus the exact benefits of control measures are difficult to analyze. Several aspects of vole biology have only recently been considered in rodenticide application procedures. Problems such as bait acceptance and percentage population control have created disparity in several rodenticide experiments (Richmond et al., 1978). A knowledge of vole use of vegetative cover and …

The Influence Of Soil Moisture, Texture, And Temperature On Nest-Site Selection And Burrowing Activity By The Pine Vole, Microtus Plnetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) have long been recognized as a pest species in fruit orchards of the eastern United States (Hamilton 1935). These semifossorial rodents construct tunnel systems beneath apple trees where they eat entire roots or strip roots of bark and cambium. Hamilton (1938) reported numbers of pine voles within apple orchards as high as 200-300 voles per acre which is in sharp contrast to the relative scarcity of pine voles outside orchard situations (Crain and Packard 1966; Goertz 1971), These findings suggest that orchard habitat provides excellent conditions for pine vole growth and reproduction, although the specific components …

Effects Of Three Pine Vole Populations On Apple Tree Growth And Productivity, Milo Richmond, Pamela Miller, Chester Forshey

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Few attempts have been made to quantify the damage to agricultural crops resulting from known densities of a particular pest. Availability of such information, even in its most basic form, is essential to making cost-effective management decisions. The question seems straightforward and simple; however, it is neither. For example, the damage caused by rodents in an apple orchard is not easily observed or measured. Moreover, the ultimate economic effects are dependant to s.ome degree upon tree age, variety and replacement cost; weather, productivity market prices, and a host of other manageable and unmanageable factors facing the grower. In addition to …

Social Influences On Reproduction In Pine Voles, Margaret H. Schadler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The presence of large populations of pine voles in apple orchards suggests that in the field reproduction of these pests has few constraints. Yet, evidence collected from our colony at Union College indicates that in the laboratory reproduction is not at random but instead is socially restrained and predictable. Unless these findings are artifacts of laboratory life, they may help explain some of the data collected in the field. Horsfall (1963) trapped voles every month of the year from an orchard near Cloverdale, VA. Since he found pregnant females in all collections, he concluded that reproduction occurred throughout the year …

Efficacy Of Spring Broadcast Rodenticides In The Hudson Valley, New York, Paul F. Steblein, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Subsequent to the prohibition of endrin use in New York State, a variety of alternate rodenticides and methods of rodenticide application have been examined in an effort to develop effective control measures for the pine vole, Pitymys pinetorum. These studies indicate that the manner in which the rodenticides are applied substantially influences their effectiveness in controlling pine voles. Specifically, in our experience placing poisoned bait directly in the animal’s subsurface tunnel systems has proved to be the most effective means of vole control. However, this method of bait placement is both time consuming and expensive. An alternate more cost-effective method …

Highlights Of The Seventh Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The Seventh Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Cliffside Inn, Box 786, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, March 3-4, 1983 for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was held to provide a problem solving atmosphere in which growers, governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI, the chemical industry, and university personnel could observe the current thrusts of research and extension programs and their impact on future control strategies.

The Probe, Issue 30 - March 1983

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

The Probe National Animal Damage Control Association No. 30 March, 1983
Anti-1080
Treasury Reports
Exempting the Tellico Dam from the restrictions
The Coyote-1080 Conspiracy
Alligators
Angel Island (Calif.) deer herd
Introduced birds of the world. The worldwide history, distribution and influence of birds introduced to new environments.
Bromethalin
Control of bird damage at aquaculture facilities
Ol’ Timer’s Corner
2:1 victory in Oregon over the anti-trap forces.

Agricultural Experiment Station News March 1983

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
AES ADVISORY COUNCIL
FACULTY SENATE COMMITTEES
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR POSITION
NEWSWORTHY PROJECTS
NEW PROJECTS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
BUDGET MEETINGS SCHEDULED FOR APRIL
SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT INVENTORY

Index Selection And Feed Intake Restriction In Swine, I: Effect On Rate And Composition Of Growth, Erik R. Cleveland, R. K. Johnson, R. W. Mandigo

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of index selection for increased average daily gain and decreased backfat, and the effects of restriction of daily feed intake, on rate and composition of growth in swine. A total of 53 barrows from select and control lines were randomly assigned to three feeding levels at 83 d of age, and 33 littermate barrows were slaughtered to establish initial body composition. The trial was approximately 105 d and the feeding levels were twice daily to appetite (AP), once daily feeding of 91% of appetite (AP9l) and once daily feeding of …

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (March 1983) 51(1)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Treasurer's Report ....................2

1982 (Twenty·third) Fall Occurrence Report....................3

1982 Christmas Count....................14

Two Additions to the Nebraska List ....................18

A Winter Roadside Survey of Hawks etc.....................19

Notes....................22

"Notes," From Nebraska Bird Review (March 1983) 51(1).

Nebraska Bird Review

CATTLE VS. WATERFOWL. After three years of comparatively dry weather that kept our rainwater basins dry most of the time, in 1982 we had lots of rain and lots of water in our basins. The rains started the latter part of April and the waterfowl and shorebirds came in great numbers. Although the water levels raised with each rain, the vegetation grew fast enough to keep most of the water covered. This is where the nesting population of Coots, Pied-billed Grebes, etc., hide their nests, and it is hard to guess how many birds are nesting or where the nests …