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Covers Volume 1

Insecta Mundi

Volume 1 Covers

Response Of An Irrigated Cool- And Warm- Season Grass Mixture To Nitrogen And Harvest Scheme, Joseph L. Petersen, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Maintaining a mixture of cool-and warm-season grasses under intensive management for season-long production is difficult, due to species shifts, especially to a dominance of cool-season grasses when heavy amounts of nitrogen(N) fertilizer are used. The objective of this study was to determine if high forage yields could be produced season long while maintaining a desirable balance of warm-and cool-season grasses.

The study was conducted near Mead, Nebraska on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (Typic Argiudoll). An irrigated mixture of 3 warmseason grasses and 1 cool-season grass, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and indiangrass [ …

Comparison Of Iterative Procedures For Solving Equations For Sire Evaluation, L. Dale Van Vleck, D. J. Dwyer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Gauss-Seidel, successive over-relaxation, end-of-round relaxation, and block iteration methods of obtaining solutions for sire effects from equations rising from progeny with records in mixed model procedures were compared. Equations transformed to provide direct solutions for genetic group plus sire effects as well as constrained and unconstrained equations were compared also. Equations for milk yield for the Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison numbered 301 for Ayrshires, 325 for Brown Swiss, 6,010 for Holsteins, and 926 for Jerseys after absorption of herd-year-season effects. Numbers of coefficients were 15 to 20% less for transformed equations, which decreased computing time per round of interation …

Extension Factors For Trimester Yields Of Milk And Fat, K. Agyemang, E. C. Clapp, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Evidence of problems with sire proofs of extended incomplete records suggests the desirability of another method of evaluating dairy bulls for milk that minimizes the need for extending records by instead considering yields of three parts of a lactation (days 1 to 90, 91 to 180, and 181 to 270) as distinct and separate traits. Records of less than 90 days (or 180 or 270 days) require extension to 90-day (or 180- or 270-day) equivalents. Last sample day production of 17,826, 15,282, and 12,115 first-lactation records of Holstein cows was used to calculate extension factors to predict remaining yields to …

Trends In Genetic And Phenotypic Variances For Milk Production, S. L. Mirande, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Residual standard deviations estimated separately for each year of first freshening from first lactation milk records of artificially sired Holstein cows increased from 1960 to 1982, especially after 1976. The pattern on the square root scale was similar. On the logarithmic scale, residual standard deviations were smallest in the middle of the time period. Heritabilities estimated from paternal half-sib correlations were greater than .30 on all scales until about 1976 when estimates began to go below .20. Estimates were similar for untransformed and transformed records. When records were divided into four herd production groups within each year, the same patterns …

The Nutritional Value Of Normal And High Lysine Corns For Weanling And Growing-Finishing Swine When Fed At Four Lysine Levels, G. L. Asche, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr., J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One-hundred-ninety-two weanling pigs from two separate trials, (initial weight 6.0 and 5.6 kg) and 400 growing-finishing pigs (initial weight 17 kg) were fed normal and high lysine corn diets containing four levels of lysine in a 2 • 4 factorial arrangement. Crossbred (Large White • Landrace x Duroc) pigs were used in all experiments. The objectives of the experiments were to (1) compare normal and high lysine corn when fed at different lysine levels, (2) determine the lysine requirements for the three stages of growth and (3) evaluate the effect of protein level on the lysine requirement. All diets were …

Weaining Weight Response Of Pigs To Simple And Complex Diets, L. V. Himmelberg, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Five experiments were conducted to determine (1) the value of simple vs complex diets on gains and feed conversion of pigs weaned at a constant age but varying in weight, (2) the optimum post-weaning time to change from a complex to a simple diet and (3) the effect of previous treatment on subsequent performance.

Metabolic Clearance And Production Rates Of Oestradiol And Progesterone During Pubertal And Postpubertal Development In Gilts, R. K. Christenson, J. J. Ford, D. A. Redmer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The crossbred gilts studied were aged 80 days (prepubertal), 180 days (prepubertal or postpubertal) and 260 days (postpubertal or pregnant). Estimates of metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of oestradiol and progesterone were consistently less (21 and 27%) in plasma than in blood, and these differences were not influenced by age of gilt. The MCR (1/day per kg body weight) for oestradiol and progesterone in plasma was greater (P < 0·05)for 80-day-old prepubertal gilts than for older gilts. The MCR values of oestradiol and progesterone were similar in 180-day-old and 260-day-old gilts independent of reproductive state. Production rate (PR) of oestradiol and progesterone increased with age (80-180days), and age and reproductive state differences were much more pronounced for PR of progesterone than of oestradiol. These results support the hypothesis that a reduction in the MCR and an increase in PR of oestradiol and progesterone in the gilt are associated with the process of pubertal development, and changes in gonadal steroid concentrations appear not to alter the MCR of oestradiol and progesterone.

Two Modal Action Patterns With A Continuous Temporal Distribution, Alan B. Bond, George W. Barlow, William Rogers

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Most methods of quantitative analysis of animal behavior assume that action patterns can be unambiguously classified into discrete, exclusive categories. This is not invariably the case. The digging behavior of the Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum), for example, exhibits two functionally distinct modalities, scoop and pi&, that intergrade continuously in form but are separable probabilistically. We present a technique for analyzing such behaviors that provides a reliable basis for formulating and verifying categories and allows a quantitative assessment of functional dissimilarity.

Die meisten Methoden quantitativer Verhaltensanalysen setzen eindeutige Klassifizierung der Verhaltensweisen in sich wechselseitig ausschlieißende Kategorien voraus. Die sind …

Block And Bridle Annual, 1985

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Table of Contents:

Staff
Emblem and purpose
Animal Science Dept. Chairman Address
President's Address
Meeting Calendar
Activities Calendar
Treasurers Report
Advisors
Animal Science Faculty
Graduate students
Secretaries
Animal Science Liaison
Block & Bridle Members
Block & Bridle lnitiates
Block & Bridle Officers
Block & Bridle Executives

Block & Bridle Seniors
State Fair Awards
Fall Steak Fry
Little AK-SAR-BEN
Queen Coronation
Brands
Meats Judging Contest
Kids Day
Horse Symposium
Christmas Coffee
Ham sales
Quadrathlon
Livestock Judging Contest
Spring Tour
Quarter horse Show
Beef Show
Honors Banquet
Junior Scholarship Award
Outstanding Senior Award
Jr. & Sr. Livestock Judging Teams
Judging Team Results …

4-H 151 Project Concern I : What It Is Like To Be Old, George P. Rowe

Nebraska 4-H Clubs: Historical Materials and Publications

Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service 4-H 151- Project Concern I: What it is like to be old, what makes a person old, getting to know your grandparents, grandparent activity form, what is retirement, money management during retirement, the health of older Americans, and dying.

Heritability Estimates And Adjustment Factors For Yearling Testicular Size In Different Breeds Of Beef Bulls, Donald D. Lunstra, Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Little information is available on breed differences and variation in testicular development of young beef bulls. Larger testis size in young bulls is favorably correlated with sperm output, age at puberty, mature testicular size, and pregnancy rate. If testicular size is to be considered in selection programs for young sires, the breed differences, heritabilities, and relationships of testicular measurements to age and body weight must be established for young beef bulls.

The objectives of this study were to measure and define breed differences and variations in testicular size of yearling beef bulls, determine the heritability of yearling testicular size, and …

Oxidative Metabolism Of Gravid Uterine Tissues Of The Cow, Calvin L. Ferrell, Lawrence P. Reynolds

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Early reports suggested fetal growth is an energetically efficient process; however, more recent reports have suggested fetal growth to be a relatively inefficient process. These latter reports were based on indirect estimates obtained by the use of indirect calorimetry or comparative slaughter approaches, whereas the earlier data resulted from acute in vivo and in vitro approaches. Methodologies have been developed to directly measure rates of oxidative metabolism of tissues of the gravid uterus of cows using chronic preparations. The objective of this study was to quantify rates of oxidative metabolism of gravid uterine, fetal and utero-placental tissues of the pregnant …

Ec85-107 Nebraska Proso Variety Tests, 1985, Lenis Alton Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This circular is a progress report of variety trials conducted by personnel of the Panhandle Research and Extension Center and the High Plains and Northwest Agriculture Laboratories. Conduct of experiments and publication of results is a joint effort of the Agriculture Research Division and Cooperative Extension Service.

G85-748 Prevention And Control Of Swine Dysentery, Gerald E. Duhamel, Alex Hogg, Barbara E. Straw

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the causes and symptoms of swine dysentery and offers management recommendations and treatment procedures for its prevention and control.

Swine dysentery is a highly contagious disease of growing and finishing pigs. First described in Indiana in 1921, it has been called black scours, bloody scours, and vibrionic dysentery.

Swine dysentery causes important financial losses because of reduced feed efficiency and lower weight gain, costs of medication and additional animal care, and death. Substantial costs may result from loss of sales of breeding stock, or depopulation when necessary. Serpula (Treponema) hyodysenteriae, a spiral bacterium, is the cause …

G85-747 Enteric Diseases (Scours) Of Swine, Alex Hogg, Alfonso Torres

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes four major enteric diseases of swine, and discusses the cause, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, treatment, and control of each.

Four of the most important infectious enteric diseases of swine are reviewed in this publication. These include colibacillosis, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), rotavirus, and enterotoxemia (clostridial enteritis). A fifth disease, swine dysentery, is discussed in NebGuide G85-748.

G85-759 Prominent Congenital Defects In Nebraska Beef Cattle, J. L. Johnson, H. W. Leipold, Donald B. Hudson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes congenital defects that affect the economic value of beef cattle, and provides recommendations on how to minimize them in breeding programs.

Congenital defects are abnormalities of structure or function present at birth. They may be caused by genetic or environmental factors, or a combination of both. The causes of many defects remain unknown.

Developmental defects may be lethal, semi-lethal, or compatible with life, causing very little effect or only aesthetic effect.

With the increasing use of artificial insemination (AI) in cattle, defects are no longer rare occurrences and are important collectively to the cattle industry. Congenital defects …

Ec85-102 Nebraska Spring Small Grain Variety Tests 1985, August F. Dreier, John W. Schmidt, Lenis Alton Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 85-102: Nebraska Spring Small Grain. This circular is a progress report of variety trials conducted by personnel of the Agronomy Department and the Northeast and Panhandle Centers.

Ec85-103 Nebraska Fall-Sown Small Grain Variety Tests 1985, August F. Dreier, John W. Schmidt, Lenis Alton Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 85-103: Nebraska Fall- Sown Small Grain Variety Tests. This circular is a progress report of the variety trials conducted by personnel of the Agronomy Department and the South Central, West Central, and Panhandle Centers.

Ec-85-1537 Field Crop Insect Control Guide For Nebraska : Specialty Crops - Sugarbeets, Dry Beans, Sunflowers, Alfalfa Seed, Vetch, Potatoes, Onions, D. L. Keith, L. L. Peters, J. F. Witkowski

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 85-1537: Field crop insect control guide for Nebraska for specialty crops including sugar beets, dry beans, sunflowers, alfalfa seeds, vetch, potatoes, and onions. Insect control suggestions in this guide are based on University of Nebraska test results, data from surrounding states, U.S.D.A. recommendations, previous experience, and label registration.

Ec85-1511 Field Crop Insect Control Guide For Nebraska : Alfalfa, Soybeans, And Small Grains, D. L. Keith, L. L. Peters, J. F. Witkowski

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 85-1511: Field crop insect control guide for Nebraska for alfalfa, soybeans, and small grains. Insect control suggestions in this guide are based on University of Nebraska test results, data from surrounding states, U.S.D.A. recommendations, previous experience, and label registration.

Biochemical Evidence For Hybridization In Fire Ants, Robert K. Vander Meer, Clifford S. Lofgren, Francisco M. Alvarez

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Hybridization in social insects has been predicted on a theoretical basis by Pearson (1983); however, it is not a commonly reported phenomenon among ants. We recently found support for this theory when we discovered unique biochemical evidence for hybridization between Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis richteri Forel, two South American fire ant species that were inadvertently introduced into the southeastern United States.

Spermatozoon In Males And Inseminated Queens Of The Imported Fire Ants, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Coulter Counter IIA, an automatic particle counter, was a fast, accurate device for counting spermatozoa in fire ants. Queens of Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant (RIFA) had an average 5,669,683 ± 48,148 spermatozoa in the spermatheca two weeks after mating.

Ec85-219 1985 Nebraska Swine Report, Roger J. Kittok, James E. Kinder, Rodger K. Johnson, Donald G. Levis, R. K. Christenson, Casey B. Frye, Chris R. Calkins, Roger W. Mandigo, Robert M. Timm, Daryl D. Fisher, Roy Carlson, E.R. Peo Jr., William R. Schneider, Martin L. Wiernusz, Alex Hogg, R. D. Fritschen, Lee I. Chiba, William Ahlschwede, M. C. Brumm, D. Carlson, G.W. Jesse, H.F. Mayes, G.M. Zinn, J.A. Deshazer, Jerry D. Plessing, Dennis D. Schulte, Marcus J. Milanuk, Gerald Bodman, Laverne E. Stetson, Jack L. Schinstock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1985 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G85-755 How To Set Goals For Your Breeding Program, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how to determine which trait(s) to select for, and how multiple trait selection affects genetic progress.

Dairy producers are often concerned with placing emphasis on different production traits in their breeding program. Selecting on only economically important traits should be the objective of every producer. The use of artificial insemination (A.I.) sires is the most economical and productive way to increase the genetic potential of the herd.

A cow's record is a measure of her genetic potential, which is modified by the environment in which she is kept. Environmental factors that directly influence a cow's record include …

Effect Of Dietary Fat On Pig Performance And Dust Levels In Modified-Open-Front And Environmentally Regulated Confinement Buildings, L. I. Chiba, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, M. C. Brumm, R. D. Fritschen, J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Four trials were conducted with 1,480 pigs (initial wt: 23 kg in trial 1, 29 kg in trial 2 and 49 kg in trial 3 and 4) to determine the effect of dietary fat on pig performance, nutrient separation in an automated feed distribution system, dust levels in swine buildings and integrity of the respiratory system of swine. Two modified-open-front (B-1 and B-2) and two environmentally regulated (E-1 and E-2) growing-finishing buildings, of identical design, were used in each trial. In trial 1,250 pigs (25 pens of 10 pigs/pen) in B-1 were fed a ground, mixed, corn-soybean meal diet (15% …

Effect On Receiving Diets Containing Alfalfa And Certain Feed Additives On Performance Of Feeder Pigs Transported Long Distances, M. C. Brumm, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of receiving diets containing alfalfa meal and certain feed additives on performance of comingled feeder pigs transported 900 to 1,100 kin. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of 9.4% dehydrated alfalfa meal in receiving diets for 2 wk resulted in no difference (P>.I) in gain or feed conversion from purchase to market compared with pigs fed a basal corn-soybean meal (CS) diet or a diet containing 20% ground whole oats (O). In Exp. 2, pigs fed receiving diets containing 10% dehydrated alfalfa meal had no improvement (P>. 1) in gain (.60 …

Effect Of Source Of Dietary Energy And Energy Restriction During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance, J. L. Nelsson, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The effects of source of energy and energy restriction during lactation on sow and litter performance were investigated in an experiment with 90 primiparous sows. At parturition, the sows were randomly assigned to diets containing either tallow or cornstarch as a major energy source.

An Evaluation Of Threonine And Isoleucine As The Third And Fourth Limiting Amino Acids In Corn For Growing Swine, D. A. Grosbach, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A metabolism experiment and two growth experiments were conducted to determine if threonine and isoleucine are the third and fourth limiting amino acids in corn for growing swine. In each experiment there were four dietary treatments. The basal diet contained corn fortified with minerals, vitamins, lysine and tryptophan. Threonine additions of 0 or .17% and isoleucine additions of 0 or .22% of the diet were evaluated in a 2 • 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The addition of threonine reduced (P<.001) the daily urinary excretion of urea N and total N. There was a tendency for urea N excretion to be reduced further when isoleucine was added in combination with threonine.

Prediction Of Heifer Transmitting Ability From Genetic Evaluations Of Sire, Dam, And Maternal Grandsire, R. A. Westell, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Estimated transmitting abilities for milk of 258,201 Holstein heifers from first lactations were regressed on sire's milk proof, maternal grandsire's milk proof, and either dam's estimated transmitting ability from milk in first lactation or dams' estimated transmitting ability from milk of all lactations. Effects of year of birth of dam, dam's estimated transmitting ability for milk from first lactation, for milk from all lactations, estimated transmitting ability for fat from first lactation or for fat from all lactations were determined by sorting data into deciles by each of these criteria and calculating partial regression coefficients within each decile. For data …