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Milk And Beef Production In Tropical Environments, V. K. Taneja, P. N. Bhat

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Cattle breeds native to tropics are late maturing and poor producers of milk and beef, but have the ability to survive under harsh tropical environments. In spite of large, genetic variability for milk yield. selection for productive traits would not be effective in bridging the gap between requirements of human food and its availability. Other methods to achieve these goals have been suggested. Breed comparison studies are needed to identify special genes for fast growth, efficient breeding and resistance to diseases and drought capacity, alternatives like replacement of native with improved European breeds and gene transfer through crossbreeding have been …

Calving Difficulty In Rubia Gallega Breed And Its Genetic Improvement, J. Canon, M. Vallejo, S. Dunner

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Principal causes and their correlationated consequences of calving difficulties in Rubia Gallega beef cattle breed are commented.

Present status of selection objectives and the criteria used are presented, as well as some problems related to the current selection index.

Finally, restriction of birth weight as a solution is criticized and some sire evaluation alternatives are cited.

Breeding Programmes For Multiple Purpose Breeds In Uruguay, R. C. Cardellino, R. W. Ponzoni

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Uruguay's national sheep performance recording scheme (Flock-Testing Service) is described. Recent developments of the scheme are discussed. The scheme is implemented and supervised by the Uruguayan Wool Secretariat (SUL). Centralization of responsibilities by SUL and continued co-participation of breeders and scientists are identified as the main factors contributing to the scheme's success. It is suggested that Uruguay's Flock-Testing Service combines traditional and scientific breeding methods in a balanced manner, thus assisting with the improvement of the genetic merit of the national flock.

Breeding Improvement Of Swamp Buffalo, Charan Chantalakhana

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

A review of performance of the swamp buffalo concerning reproductive traits, growth and carcass, milk production, and work capacities was presented. The potential for breeding improvement of certain traits was discussed. Breeding objectives and goals to suit the need of Asian smallfarmers were emphasized. Breeding of swamp buffalo for draft and for multi-purpose was discussed. Genetic selection and crossbreeding of the swamp buffalo were reviewed. It was proposed that genetic selection for weight and gain should improve meat production as well as draft ability of the swamp buffalo, while crossbreeding should be limited to experimental scale until crossbred buffaloes have …

Buffalo For Meat Production, Giovanni De Fanciscis

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Only very recently buffaloes have been studied deeper for a better breeding and for emphasizing their meat productive potentiality and its physiological, chemical and organolptic qualities.

Very good investigations, conducted mainly in Australia, Bulgaria, Italy, Thailand and Trinidad show in an univocal way, if the buffaloes are reared and fed well, that the daily gain, the percentage of fessing and of the first cut, the organoleptic characteristics are quite similar and sometime also better than those of bovine cattle. The best slaughter tiie is at 14-16 months of age when the live weight is of 350-380 kg with a 52-58 …

A Preliminary Comparison Of Later Lactation Yields Of Different Friesian Strains In Poland, A. Zarnecki, M. Stolzman

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Second and third lactation records of F₁ cows from the FAO trial in Poland were used to compare dairy performance of different Friesian strains. Data included only cows that were culled after second and third lactation. In total 2513 second lactation records and 1949 third lactation records were available for analysis.

Least squares analysis of variance was carried out sparately for each lactation. The ranking of strains based an second and third lactiation records was similar as in the first lactation. The North American Holstein, Israeli and New Zealand Friesians were superior in milk and fat production. Due to …

Blood Typing Beefalo Cattle, C. J. Stormont, B. G. Morris, Y. Suzuki, J. Dodd

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

In this article we review the species-specific genetic markers in the blood that are currently being used to authenticate the bison ancestry of animals entering the Ancestry Registry of the American Beefalo World Registry. Independently of that program we are also testing for these same genetic markers in a number of private herds in which attempts are being made to develop bison-cattle hybrids that are fully fertile and incorporate desirable traits of both ancestral species.

Criteria For Evaluating A Selection Screne: Some Proposals, J. M. Elsen, L. Bodin, G. Ricordeau

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

It is possible to describe a realized selection by means of an indicator, f(x): probability for an individual of value x to be selected. Various models for this indicator are proposed, in the univariate case, and on the assumption that individuals are ranked on a linear index of measured variables. Estimators are defined on the basis of these models for rating traits controlled during selection. A numeric example with ewes is given.

Crossbreeding Of Cattle In Sri Lanka, E. F. A. Jalatge

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Sri Lanka is an island in the tropics having a cattle population of about 1.7 million. In order to improve the productivity of these animals crossbreeding trials were initiated about 2-3 decades ago.

The indigenous cows were bred to bulls of Jersey, Friesian and Shorthorn breeds. Improted Zebu breeds such as Sindhi and Tharpakar were also bred to bulls of temperate breeds.

The article describes the findings of these experiments and their usefulness in formulating breeding policies for the different agroclimatic zones of the country.

Economic Evaluation Of Breeding Objectives For Beef Cattle, C. A. Morris

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Defining breeding objectives for beef cattle is a difficult task, especially for cattle under extensive grazing, as described by the authors in this Session. In considering economic aspects, Wilton points out the poor feedback among different sectors of the industry (such as among cow-calf producers, store cattle farmers and finishing operators; also between commercial and pedigree herds). Farmers with different breeds contributing to crossbred cattle also appear to receive poor market signals.

Economic Evaluation Of Breeding Objectives For Milk And Beef Production In Temperate Zones, E. Niebel

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Intensive milk and beef production is common to the European agricultural areas due to a high density of population. Milk and beef traits are involved in most breeding objectives of dual-purpose cattle.

Various dual-purpose cattle popluations cover a wide range of economic weighting of milk and beef. The optimal weights of milk and beef characters depend on the marginal change in profit, and the time and number of realizations of genetic improvement of the traits. Over-production prevails in the agriculture equilibrium model of Linear Programming can be used to reliably evaluate most of the economic weights of dairy and beef …

Another Style Of Competence: The Caregiving Child, Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This chapter discusses child and sibling caregiving as an opportunity for the learning of nurturance and responsibility. The argument is based on case examples from ethnographic material, that children in multiage dyads or groupings negotiate constantly with one another and thereby reveal their reasoning about rational and conventional moral rules. The observational material is drawn from the work of Carol R. Ember (1970, 1973) who studied children in a Luo community of about 250 people in the South Nyanza district of Kenya. This community, referred to as Oyugis (actually the name of the market town 2.5 miles away, is one …

Recovery Of Parasite Remains From Coprolites And Latrines: Aspects Of Paleoparasitological Technique, Karl J. Reinhard, Ulisses E. Confalonieri, Bernd Herrmann, Luiz F. Ferreira, Adauto J. G. De Araujo

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Standard techniques for the analysis of prehistoric soils have not been devised. It is unlikely that any single technique is applicable to all types of fecal remains. This is due to various environmental conditions which effect the preservation of helminth ova. In general, gravitational sedimentation is a useful technique for isolating helminth eggs and larvae from coprolites. Latrine soils pose greater problems for helminthological examination. Although various clinical techniques have been successfully utilized in soil study, it is important to remember that some latrine soils have not yielded helminth eggs to any clinical technique. Consequently the paleoparasitologist must be ready …

Evaluation Of Agronomic And Energy Traits Of Wray Sweet Sorghum And The N39 X Wray Hybrid, Max D. Clegg, H. J. Gorz, Jerry W. Maranville, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Recent emphasis on energy problems has stimulated efforts to identify crops capable of producing high yields of biomass that can be converted into ethanol. The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] crop includes cultivars and hybrids that vary widely in the relative amounts of grain and stalks produced, and also in the sugar content of the stalks. N39 x Wray, a relatively sweet hybrid with good grain potential, and Wray, a cultivar with sweet stalks, were compared for their grain and sugar yields, alcohol production potential, and other related characters. The hybrid produced heavier seeds, more seeds per head, and …

Sexism In Space: The Freudian Formula In "Star Trek", Mary Jo Deegan

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

These words, spoken at the beginning of each televised "Star Trek" episode, set the stage for the fantastic future. Although the "Star Trek" series was cancelled in 1969 after only three years of production, it generated a large cult following that flourishes still today. One reason for the series' remarkable longevity is its depiction of the future as a Freudian fantasy. This Freudian vision draws on cultural myths embedded in the patriarchal dominance of men over women characteristic of Western civilization.

According to Freud, both sexes are driven by three instincts --- sex, aggression, and the death wish---but men have …

Influence Of Lignin On Digestibility Of Forage Cell Wall Material, H. G. Jung, Kenneth P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One-hundred-ninety-four grass samples, representing eight species, were used to determine the relationships of in vitro forage dry matter, cell wall, hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities with lignin concentration. Linear regressions indicated that dry matter digestion was inhibited to a lesser degree (P<.05) by lignin concentration than was cell wall digestion. Results for linear regressions of hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities as functions of lignin concentration showed a greater (P<.05) effect of lignin on cellulose digestion. Smooth bromegrass and switchgrass were collected at both Clay Center and Mead, NE; for all digestibility measures, the Clay Center samples gave stronger (P<.05) negative correlations with lignin. A comparison of linear and curvilinear models indicated that, for all digestion measurements, the curvilinear model was a better (P<.05) description of relationships with lignin concentration. For all digestibility measures, lignin's inhibiting effect declined at higher lignin concentrations. The curvilinear models did not show significant differences among the digestibility measures for effect of lignin. The demonstration that the forage digestibility response to lignin's inhibitory effect is curvilinear in nature suggests that the mechanism of hgnin's inhibition is complex.

Endocrine Changes During Restoration Of Estrous Cycles Following Induction Of Anestrus By Restricted Nutrient Intake In Beef Heifers, K. Imakawa, M. L. Day, M. Garcia-Winder, D. D. Zalesky, Roger J. Kittok, B. D. Schanbacher, J. E. Kinder

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The working hypotheses in this experiment were: 1) that ovarian estradiol would inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in heifers that were anestrus as a result of restricted dietary energy intake and 2) the responsiveness of LH secretion to estradiol negative feedback would decrease during the period when restoration of estrous cycles occurred following feeding of diets adequate in energy. Fifteen heifers weighing 341 ± 12 (mean ± SE) kg were fed a diet containing 50% of the energy required for maintenance until 40 to 50 d following cessation of estrous cycles. Heifers were assigned to intact control (C, n = …

Three New Species Of North American Polyphylla Harris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), Ronald M. Young

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Polyphylla brownae from Alabama, Polyphylla ratcliffei from Utah, and Polyphylla stellata from California are described as new. They are correlated with existing keys, and each holotype is illustrated.

Preliminary Biostratigraphy Of The White River Group (Oligocene, Chadron And Brule Formations) In The Vicinity Of Chadron, Nebraska, Eric Paul Gustafson

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The White River Group in the Chadron area includes at least 400 ft (123 m) of terrigenous sediment. divisible into the Chadron Formation and Brule Formation (Orella and Whitney members) on criteria similar to those used at Toadstool Park. Fossils were collected from several levels. and are grouped into the Brecht Ranch Local Fauna (Late Chadronian). Dead Horse Local Fauna (Early Orellan). Rabbit Graveyard Local Fauna (Early Middle Orellan). and Bartlett High Local Fauna (Late Middle Orellan). No Late Orcllan fauna was found, and Whitneyan fossils were scarce. Zonation of the Orellan appears to be possible on the basis of …

Possible Evidence For A Pre-Clovis Bone-Tool Industry From The Central Plains, Thomas P. Myers, Richard G. Corner

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Fossil bones from fluvial deposits in the Yukon have been interpreted as evidence of an early human occupation. In this paper we are reporting similar materials from Late Pleistocene fluvial deposits in southwestern Nebraska which may be pre-Clovis in age. In spite of their morphological similarity to Old Crow specimens. we are reluctant to interpret them as evidence of a pre-Clovis occupation. Nevertheless, we are documenting these specimens for the information of other scientists who may be concerned with this problem.

Effect Of Active Immunization Against Lhrh Or Lh In Boars: Reproductive Consequences And Performance Traits, R. E. Falvo, V. Chandrashekar, R. D. Arthur, A. R. Kuenstler, T. Hasson, C. Awcniyi, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Forty crossbred boars were equally divided into eight groups at birth. Four groups were immunized (200 μg/boar) at 12 wk of age against either luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) conjugated to human serum globulin (LHRH-hSG) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), LHRH-hSG in muramyldipeptide adjuvant (PEP), procine luteinizing hormone (LH) conjugated to hSG (pLH-hSG) in CFA or ovine LH (oLH) in CFA. Equal doses of boosters were given in either PEP or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) at 16 and 18 wk of age. Two groups of boars were immunized with either hSG + CFA or hSG + PEP (adjuvant controls). Two groups …

Evolution And Reproductive Biology Of Inflorescences In Lithocarpus, Castanopsis, Castanea, And Quercus (Fagaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Of Lithocarpus, Castanopsis, Castanea, and Quercus, only Lithocarpus frequently bears branched spikes suggestive of the primitive condition in the Fagaceae; the other genera sometimes have them in some individuals. Simple and branched spikes can occur on the same tree. Evolution of the simple spike is interpreted as the loss of branching capacity in the branched spikes. The Fagaceae show various transitional stages from perfect, entomophilous to imperfect, anemophilous flowers and from mixed-sex to unisexual spikes. Complete separation of staminate from pistillate function into separate spikes and catkins occurs only in Quercus, which is also the only …

Small Mammal Community Structure And Composition In The Cerrado Province Of Central Brazil, Michael A. Mares, Kristina A. Ernest, Donald D. Gettinger

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Community structure, macrohabitat selection, and patterns of species co-occur- rence were examined during a 14-month study of small mammals in the Cerrado Province of central Brazil. Data were collected from mark-recapture grids in brejo and gallery forest, and from live-trapping and specimen collection in all habitat types within cerrado (campo limpo, campo sujo, cerrado [s.s.], cerradão, brejo, valley-side wet campo, and gallery forest). Gallery forest supported the highest species richness, most complex vertical distribution of species, highest level of trophic diversity, and highest macroniche diversity. Degree of habitat selection varied widely. All habitat types supported both rodents and marsupials, although …

Evolution And Historical Biogeography Of A Parasite-Host Assemblage: Alcataenia Spp. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) In Alcidae (Charadriiformes), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The methodology of phylogenetic systematics was used to develop hypotheses for the evolution of eight species of Alcataenia, a group of host-specific cestodes of the Alcidae and, to a lesser extent, the Laridae (Charadriiformes). Concurrently, aspects of the early biogeography of alcids were reevaluated making it possible to study the historical and distributional relationships of parasites and hosts. The most parsimonious hypothesis for the phylogeny of Alcataenia suggested that sequential colonization or host switching with limited coevolution (coaccommodation) by parasites best explained the distributional patterns exhibited by Alcataenia spp. Morphological evolution of specific species of Alcataenia accompanied host switching, …

Polymorphism Of Eimerian Oocysts: A Dilemma Posed By Working With Some Naturally Infected Hosts, Brent B. Parker, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph:

Morphological variation of sporulated oocysts within individual eimerian species is well documented (Joyner, 1982. In Biology of the Coccidia, P. L. Long (editor). University Park Press, Baltimore, pages 35-62). In some cases, oocysts of a single eimerian species are known to vary in size by as much as 40% during patency (Duszynski, 1971, Journal of Parasitology 57: 948- 952). During a survey to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) wintering in New Mexico (Parker and Duszynski, 1986, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21: 25-35), marked polymorphism was observed among sporulated oocysts of …

Aspects Of Ecology And Biogeography Of Acanthocephala On Antarctic Seabirds [Données Écologiques Et Biogéographiques Sur Les Acantocéphales D’Oiseaux Marins Antarctiques], Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Four species of acanthocephalans are reported from seabirds, nototheniid fishes and gammaridean amphipods in the western Antarctic. Corynosoma hamanni (von Linstow, 1892) was found in Phalacrocorax atriceps King, Chionis alba (Gmelin), Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, and Catharacta lonnbergi (Mathews). The complete life cycle of this acanthocephalan was elucidated: cysticanths develop in the haemocoel of a gammaridean amphipod, Pontogeneiella sp. of the family Eusiridae and presumably, following ingestion of parasitized amphipods, encyst in the body cavity of Antarctic fishes of several species. Corynosoma singularis Skriabin and Nikol’skii, 1971 was found only in P. atriceps. Corynosoma bullosum (von Linstow, 1892) occurred in both …

The Monographic Literature Of The Galliformes, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Because of their extraordinarily diverse beauty and importance as sporting birds,  pheasants and their relatives have been the subjects of many of the world's finest ornithological books, some of which also rank as among the most valuable from a book-collector's viewpoint. It is the purpose of this brief review to mention some of the landmark books or technical monographs dealing with major groups of Galliformes, both from the standpoints of their informational contents and their relative availability or collector's value. Emphasis is placed on English-language publications, although a few important recent German publications are mentioned.

Probably any review of galliform …

Cysts Resembling Hydatids In A Chicken, Gerald D. Schmidt, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two large cysts recovered from the abdominal cavity of a domestic chicken superficially resembled hydatid cysts of Echinococcus spp. No protoscolices were present. Microscopic examination of the internal lining of one of the cysts revealed a single cuboidal to columnar, ciliated epithelium, leading to a diagnosis of oviduct cysts. Earlier records of hydatids of fowl are reviewed.

Spanish abstract: Reporte de Caso--Quistes en un pollo semejantes a la hidatidosis. Se encontraron dos quistes grandes en la cavidad abdominal de un pollo doméstico. Superficialmente los quistes parecían quistes hidatidícos de Echinococcus spp. No se encontraron escólecis o cabezas de la tenia. …

Discovery Of Two Additional Prosimian Primate Families (Omomyidae, Lorisidae) In The African Oligocene, Elwyn L. Simons, Thomas M. Bown, D. Tab Rasmussen

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Three new specimens reported here are referable to the Omomyidae and Lorisidae, and represent only the second and third prosimian primates found in the Oligocene rocks of the Fayum, Egypt. The Fayum omomyid extends the range of the Omomyidae into Africa, while the Fayum lorisid is the oldest record of the Lorisidae world-wide. Afrotarsius established ?Tarsiidae as a third prosimian family present in Oligocene rocks of the Fayum region of Egypt (Simons & Bown, 1985). These new occurrences significantly reorient paleogeographic study of primate origins. In a fauna famed for the presence of about a thousand specimens of early Anthropoidea-viz. …

Two New Species Of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) From Pocket Gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) In Colorado, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two new species of nematodes representing the genus Litomosoides were obtained from pocket gophers collected in the early 1960s and during 1982 in Colorado. Individuals of Litomosoides thomomydis n. sp. were recovered from the abdominal cavities of two species of pocket gopher, Thomomys tulpoides (Richardson) and T. bottae (Eydoux & Gervais). Nematodes representing L. westi n. sp. were recovered from the abdominal and pleural cavities of the plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) from eastern Colorado. These two species of filarioid nematodes appear to be restricted in geographical range to those pocket gophers inhabiting the central grasslands and …