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A Naturally Occuring Teratology In The Red Imported Fire Ant, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Two aberrant forms of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren have been reported in the literature. The first was a gyandromorph (an individual having both male and female characteristics) found by Hung (1975) and the second, an intercaste (an individual with characteristics intermediate between a worker and a female alate) by Glancey et al. (1980). We now report the finding of a new morphological form which was apparently caused by environmental factors.

Ec86-219 1986 Nebraska Swine Report, Rodger K. Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman, M. C. Brumm, David P. Shelton, Keith L. Vacha, J. A. Deshazer, Gerald Bodman, James W. Lamkey, Roger W. Mandigo, Chris R. Calkins, Larry W. Hand, Steven J. Goll, E. R. Peo Jr., Roy Carlson, Austin J. Lewis, Fayrene Hamouz, Lee I. Chiba, Joy L. Kovar, Joel H. Brendemuhl, Alex Hogg, William G. Kvasnicka, Clayton L. Kelling, Duane E. Reese, William Ahlschwede, J. D. Kopf

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1986 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G86-825 Existing Buildings--Remodel Or Abandon?, Gerald R. Bodman, David P. Shelton

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Just because a building is there does not mean that remodeling is the best option. Here are ten factors of prime importance when deciding if a building is suitable for remodeling.

As livestock production enterprises change, many producers ask, "Should I remodel this building or abandon it and start over?" A sound answer requires careful evaluation of the intended use of the building being considered for remodeling. The immediate future and projected long range production goals must be considered. We've all read about successful remodeling projects, but few of us ever hear about the large number of remodeling projects that …

G86-820 How To Maximize Income By Managing Days Dry, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the benefits of maintaining the optimum calving interval and offers suggestions for accomplishing this reproductive management technique.

Most dairy producers are aware that an optimum calving interval is 365 days. This is a normal lactation length of 305 days with a dry period of 60 days. This interval is often looked at as a goal to strive toward rather than a goal that must be reached to maximize income from the sale of milk.

Growth, Carcass And Palatability Traits Of Intact Males And Steers Implanted With Zeranol Or Estradiol Early And Throughout Life, Chris R. Calkins, D. C. Clanton, T. J. Berg, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to assess the impact of implanting intact beef males with protein anabolic agents at varying intervals throughout life. Ninety-six intact males were assigned to three implant treatments: 1) not implanted, 2) implanted at 9 wk of age, weaning and at 56-d intervals thereafter with a 36-mg zeranol implant or 3) estradiol implant at 9 wk of age and 68 d post-weaning. During the 118-d, post-weaning growing period, eight animals per treatment (one replication) were castrated. After a 114-d finishing period, cattle were slaughtered (average age of 13 to 14 mo). Feedlot performance, carcass and palatability data …

Effect Of Dietary Flourine On Growth, Blood And Bone Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, T. W. Burnell, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three hundred eighty-four growing-finishing pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of dietary fluorine (F) on growth, blood and bone physical characteristics. Fourteen dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing F (as NaF) to a milo-soybean meal basal diet (7 ppm F) to provide levels of 7, 132, 257, 382, 507 and 632 ppm F for Exp. 1, and 7, 25, 43, 61, 79, 97, 115 and 133 ppm F for Exp. 2. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected (P>.09) when F was fed at levels between 7 and approximately …

Effect Of Dry, High-Moisture And Reconstituted Normal And High-Lysine Corn Diets And Particle Size On Energy And Nitrogen Metabolism In Growing Swine, G. L. Asche, J. D. Crenshaw, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two metabolism studies were conducted with 24 (Exp. 1) and 36 (Exp. 2) crossbred barrows (initial weight 35 kg) to determine the effect of corn type - normal corn (NC) and high-lysine corn (HLC) - and storage method - dry (D), high-moisture (HM) and reconstituted (RC) - on energy and N digestibility. Diets fed in Exp. 1 were: 1, NC-soybean meal formulated at .78% lysine (dry matter basis); 2, HLC-soybean meal containing the same amount of corn as diet 1 (.87% lysine); 3, HLC-soybean meal with the same lysine level as diet 1. In Exp. 1, dry matter, energy and …

Species-Specific Restriction Site Polymorphism In Root-Knot Nematode Mitochondrial Dna, Thomas O. Powers, E. G. Platzer, Bradley C. Hyman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Research was initiated to physically characterize the mitochondrial genomes of several Meloidogyne spp. and host-races, to address questions regarding their systematics and dispersal, and to assess the possibility of developing molecular diagnostics for these nematodes. Techniques were developed for purification and rapid detection of mitochondrial DNA from root-knot nematodes. Mitochondrial DNAs among Meloidogyne spp. were demonstrated to exhibit extensive divergence. The potential for using the rapidly diverging mitochondrial genomes as a diagnostic assay for M. incognita, M. hapla, M. arenaria, and M. javanica is discussed.

Who's Qualified To Decide Who Dies? Wainwright V. Witt, 105 S. Ct. 844 (1985), Teresa A. Brown

Nebraska Law Review

This article examines the Wainwright v. Witt decision and demonstrates why the holding is at odds not only with death-qualification precedent but also with nearly all the other death penalty decisions of the Court in the past two decades. Following a presentation of the Witt decision in Part II, Part III examines the Court's pre-Witt decisions to illustrate the course of the death-qualification decisions since the landmark Witherspoon holding, especially those cases relied upon by the Witt majority to support the Court's change of heart on this issue. Part IV of this article scrutinizes the Witt decision in light …

Bones Of Agate: An Administrative History Of Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Nebraska, Ron Cockrell

United States National Park Service: Publications

The history of the Agate Springs Fossil Quarries is a complicated, yet highly interesting story. It begins with an Agate, Nebraska, family named Cook who discovered the bone hills near their ranch in the late nineteenth century. The family unselfishly encouraged instututions from around the world to come to the Agate Springs Ranch and excavate fossils. It was also the Cooks truthful, trusting nature that endeared them to the Ogalala Sioux who were always welcome at the Cook ranch. As the significance of the fossil quarries became known, a central question arose: How could the Cook family best preserve and …

Proliferative Kidney Disease In Salmonid Fishes, R. P. Hendrick, M. L. Kent, C. E. Smith

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonid fishes is caused by a poorly understood protozoan, the vegetative stages of which are known as PKX cells. The organism was initially believed to be an amoeba (phylum Sarcomastigophora) by Plehn (1924) and later by Ghittino et al. (1977) and Ferguson and Needham (1978). Similarities between PKX and oyster pathogens of the genus Marteilia led Seagrave et al. (1980) to suspect that the parasite was instead a haplosporidan (phylum Acetospora). More recent studies by Hedrick et al. (1984) and Kent and Hedrick (1985a,b) indicated that the PKX cells are pre sporogonic forms …

Channel Catfish Virus Disease, John A. Plumb

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) is an acute infection of cultured fry and fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The disease occurs primarily during summer and, with few exceptions, in fish less than 4 months old. The causative agent, the channel catfish virus (CCV), is a member of the herpesvirus group. Since its first identification (Fijan 1968), it has been isolated from infected fish in most areas of the United States where channel catfish are cultured.

Mid-Wintef Rood Use And Body Weights Of Mallard Sand Wood Ducks In Mississippi, Don Delnicki, Kenneth J. Reinecke

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

We obtained esophageal food samples from 311 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 94 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and body weights from 2,118 mallards and 315 wood ducks in western Mississippi during December and January 1979-83. On average, mallards ingested 3.0% animal food, principally aquatic invertebrates, and 97.0% plant food. Rice, soybeans, and seeds of "moist soil" plants provided 41.3, 41.6, and 10-11% of the total food intake. Wood ducks ingested nearly 100% plant food, of which 23.4% was soybeans and 74.3% was acorns from Nuttall (Quercus nuttallii), water (Q. nigra), and willow oaks (Q. phellos). Mallard food use varied with water …

Production Of Shiga-Like Toxin By Escherichia Coli, Lilian R. M. Marques, Marjorie A. Moore, Joy G. Wells, I. Kate Wachsmuth, Alison D. O'Brien

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Escherichia coli is one of several agents that cause intestinal disease in humans and animals. Four classes of E. coli have been recognized [1], Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains produce a heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin and/or a heat-stable( ST) enterotoxin. Enteroinvasive E . coli (EIEC) strains, like shigellae, penetrate and multiply within epithelial cells. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains belong to certain serogroups that have been incriminated as pathogens by epidemiological studies. Some EPEC strains have been shown to adhere to cells of the intestinal mucosa and to produce pathognomonic lesions at the site of attachment. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains …

Economic Evaluation Of Breeding Objectives For Sheep And Goats: Practical Considerations And Examples, G. E. Bradford, H. H. Meyer

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Examples of breeding objectives for sheep industries with well developed breeding programs such as in Australia and New Zealand are reviewed briefly. For industries lacking adequate information on genetic and economic parameters to quantify objectives precisely, some general guidelines for choice of objectives are outlines, and it is suggested that considerable genetic progress can be made in such industries by use of sound objective in choice of breeds, breed combinations or base populations for multiplication. Objectives which it is suggested merit increased attention include: (1) defining optimum litter size and mature size; (2) improving lamb viability; (3) improving longevity and …

Economic Evaluation Of Breeding Objectives In Sheep And Goats: Summary And Commentary, R. W. Ponzoni

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

At the first and second World Congresses on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production some consideration was given to the definition of breeding objectives in sheep and goats. Having a whole Plenary Session dedicated to the evaluation of breeding objectives at the present Congress is an indication of the greater awareness about the importance of this area in the overall efficiency of breeding programmes. the chances of success of a breeding programme will be enhanced if during its formulation the following five steps are taken in meticulous order: (i) definition of the breeding objective; (ii) choice of selection criteria; (iii) organisation …

Embryo Transfer: Economic Implications For The Dairy Industry, J. S. Barr, D. C. Huffman, R. A. Godke

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Developments in nonsurgical embryo transfer have made commercial application for beef and dairy cows feasible. DHIA records were used to determine milk production variability within dairy herds. The top 10 percent of cows within herds produced 43 percent more milk that the herd average compared with 49 percent below herd average for the bottom 10 percent. The top 10 percent of cows within DHIA herds were assumed to be embryo donors for the remainder of the cows in DHIA herds. Economic implications were assessed for the U.S. dairy industry by region. Feed required to support the higher milk production level …

Evaluation Of Beef Cattle Industry Breeding Programs: Breeders And Breed Associations, Robert M. Koch, James B. Gibb, James A. Gosey

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Seed stock producers, though the smallest segment in the beef industry, are the primary sources of genetic improvement and should be the focal point of national efforts to improve genetic merit. Importation of "new" breeds into North America in the late 1960s and early 1970s increased or broadened the germ plasm base available to the industry. Thew new breeds caused a significant displacement of numbers in the established breeds and added impetus to crossbreeding in the commercial segment. The record of performance movement became a significant factor in seed stock production during the past 25 years and is now an …

Evaluation Of Straight- And Crossbreeding In Beef Cattle In The R.S.A., H. A. W. Venter, J. G. E. Van Zyl, R. J. Coertze

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Results from various straight- and crossbreeding trials conducted in South Africa were reviewed. The conclusion is drawn that in some instances, initial crossbreeding followed by inter se mating of crossbred cattle give the same if not better results than continued crossbreeding. This facilitates rangeland improvement as it limits the number of pastures needed during the breeding season.

Characterization Of Milk Constituents Of Bos Taurus And B. Indicus × B. Taurus Breed Types, Donald R. Daley, Anne Mccuskey, Curtis M. Bailey

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Milk from eight Bos Taurus and Bos indicus × Bos Taurus breed types (n=128) was evaluated for percentage butterfat, protein, lactose and solids- non-fat. Milk samples were collected at approximately 60, 105, and 150 d after the onset of lactation by hand-milking the left front quarter following a 30-IU injection of oxytocin. Breed type variation was significant for some milk component traits at each stage of lactation. Brahman × Angus dams increased in component yields (kg) as lactation progressed; production levels of other breed types remained approximately the same or declined. Sex of calf influenced (P<.05) yield (kg) of protein, butterfat and solids-non-fat at 105 d only. Mastitis effects caused a reduction (P<.01) in percentage of lactose. Residual correlations between yield (kg) of milk components and weaning weight were all positive and significant.

Genetic Diversity Among Cattle Breeds And Its Use To Increase Beef Production Efficiency In A Temperate Environment, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, Robert M. Koch, Gordon E. Dickerson

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Results are reviewed from the cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center comparing performance of top-crosses by 20 sire breeds. The variation that exists in biological traits important for beef production is vast and under a high degree of genetic control. Significant genetic change can result from 1) selection among breeds, 2) use of crossbreeding to exploit heterosis and 3) selection within breeds. Estimates of the range for differences between breed means vary from 2.5 to 6.3 phenotypic standard deviations (σp) and exceed 4σp for most traits. The range for differences between …

Genetic Variability Among Cattle Breeds For Beef Production, R. B. Thiessen, C. S. Taylor

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Between-breed variation in body weight, food intake, carcass composition, milk yield, efficiency of food conversion during growth and maintenance efficiency in adult cattle was examined in a multibreed experiment at the AFRC Animal Breeding Research Organisation. Females from 11 beef , 8 dual-purpose and 6 dairy breeds were fed a complete pelleted diet (AA6) ad libitum from weaning at 12 weeks of age until the birth of their third calf. Females were mated by AI to produce both purebred and crossbred progeny which were reared under the same conditions and slaughtered at either 24, 48 or 72 weeks of age. …

Evaluation Of Industry Breeding Programs For Dairy Cattle Milk And Meat Production, Franz Pirchner

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

In most European."dual purpose breeds beef merit is paid attention to by selection among performance tested bulls where comparatively much weight is given to growth rate of performance pasted bulls and relatively little weight to muscling and thus to carcass meat content. The genetic correlation between beef and dairy merit appears to be negative. This, in combination with large ad effective selection pressure on milk leads to negating the effects of the little and relatively inaccurate selection for beef merit at the best. Field progeny testing for beef merit can be economical and will permit to neutralize or even improve …

Genetic Parameters For Gestation Length, Birth Date And Time To First Observed Estrus In Beef Cattle, Sara Melin Azzam, M. K. Nielsen

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Genetic and environmental variability in gestation length (GL), birth date (BD), and time from first day of breeding season to first observed estrus (FE) were analyzed ·using twelve years of breeding and calving records on cows, sired by Simmental, Maine-Anjou, Limousin and Gelbvieh bulls. All cows were artificially inseminated. Statistical analyses were performed separately on first, second and last parity records. Paternal half-sib estimates of heritability for GL as a trait of the calf were between .36 and .45 while the estimates for BD were between .09 and .24. The estimates of heritability for FE, treated as a trait of …

Genetic Variability And Sire X Mating System Interaction For Milk Yield In Holstein-Sahiwal Crosses, V. P. Rao, V. K. Taneja

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

The average first lactation milk yield of crossbreds in northern region was higher than that in southern region with heritability estimates being 0.16±0.06 and 0.04 ± 0.04. The heritability estimates according to production level were 0.28 ± 0.14, -0.02 ± 0.04 and 0.36 ± 0.15 for low, medium and high level herds in northern and -0.05 ± 0.01 and 0.03 ± 0.12 for low and high level herds in southern region,suggesting more genetic viability in relation to total variance in high level herds. The reasons for low estimates in medium level herds have been discussed. The sire x genetic group …

Male Heterosis Effect On Lamb Production Traits Of The Ewe, T. S. Ch'ang, R. Evans

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

In a CSIRO Sheep Heterosis Experiment, 387 F₁ ewes were mated to either purebred, F₁ or F₂ rams for studying the effect of male heterosis on several lamb production traits and to investigate pro rata retention of male heterosis based on the dominance hypothesis. Evidence was found to demonstrate the occurrence of a moderate effect due to the F₁ rams (versus the purebreds) and the dominance hypothesis appeared adequate to account for the pro rata retention i.e. at 50%, of heterosis in the F₂ rams.

Performance Recording For Merino Sheep In Australia (Woolplan), R. P. Lewer, R. W. Ponzoni, P. D. Morgan, D. S. Vanrenen

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Merinos are the predominant sheep breed in Australia, accounting-for about 76% of a total of 150m. Approximately 197,000 Merino rams are sold annually, of which 157,000 are horned and 40,000 are polled.

The Australian Merino is above all a producer of premium quality white wool. The major determinant of wool income is weight, but the price per kilogram is influenced mainly by fibre diameter.

Recording in Merino stud flocks is minimal. Sires are sometimes identified but dam identities are not routinely recorded. Neither are required for registration purposes. Subjective grading of breeding stock is still the main selection criterion, but …

Selection Applied In The Angus Breeding Scheme Of The New Zealand Land Development And Management Corporation, G. B. Nicoll

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

The Land Development and Management Corporation (LDMC) has estabished an open-nucleus Breeding Scheme within its Rotorua District to breed Angus bulls to cover 20 750 cows and 5 200 heifers. Nucleus herd numbers over the 1976-85 period were 775 cows and 357 heifers, with an average of 101 2-year-old bulls being distributed annually to LDMC herds. From 1976/77, a multiplicative breeding objective was established in the nucleus, accounting for cow and calf weights and net fertility of the cow. Primary selection was applied to yearling bulls and heifers using a selection index combining the calf's data and dam's updated data …

Genetic Improvement For Milk And Meat Production In The Tropics, N. Künzi, W. Kropf

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Theoretical and practical ways to improve meat and milk production in the tropics by selection within local Bos indicus breeds, within Bos taurus x Bos indicus composite populations, upgrading of Bos indicus with Bos taurus breeds and though different crossbreeding programs have been discussed by various authors and summarized by Mason and Buvanendran (1982), Gregory et al. (1982) and Hickman (1979). Only few publications (Auriol, 1984; Chacko et al., 1985; Donegan and Roberts, 1984) exist on successful programs but numerous reports in developing agencies (FAO, 1985; SDC, 1985) indicate that many possibilities have been exploited and that various …

Genetic Parameters For Subjective Milking Speed Scores, K. Meyer, E. B. Burnside

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Farmer-supplied subjective ratings of cows milking speed, scored in 5 categories as 'very fast', 'fast', 'average', 'slow' or 'very slow' were analyzed. Scores were affected by herd- year- season of calving, age at calving and stage of lactation when scored but not by test day milk yield. Heritability estimates were 0.21 and 0.14 for scores up to day 110 of lactation for Canadian Holsteins and Ayrshires, respectively, and 0.17 and 0.16 for scores at the end of lactation. The estimate of repeatability of scores for the same cow in different lactations was 0.42 for Holsteins and 0.37 in Ayrishires.