Digital Commons Network^™

G90-1007 Pesticide Management And Safety On Home Grounds, John C. Fech, Larry D. Schulze

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Pesticides can be valuable tools in controlling lawn and garden pests. They must be used according to the label, with regard for the safety of people and animals.

Pest infestations often develop in lawns or gardens, damage lawns and ornamentals, and reduce the attractiveness of the home setting. When an infestation occurs, gardeners can reach a decision in pest management by answering the following questions: What is the pest? Is the pest causing unacceptable damage? Are controls needed? What pest control method(s) should be used?

There are several methods of pest control. The main methods of pest control and some …

Rp367 Strategies For Feeding The Ewe Flock, R.M. Jordan

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication covers the strategies of feeding the ewe flock from aspects to consider and problems likely to be encountered, useful feed consumption data, characteristics of feedstuffs for sheep, pastures, mineral deficiencies and toxicities, and feeding the ewe.

Cc90-342 Soil Compaction...Fact And Fiction: Common Questions And Their Answers, Alice J. Jones, Robert D. Grisso, Charles A. Shapiro

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

What causes soil compaction? Compaction occurs when soil particles move closer together because of external forces exerted by humans, animals, equipment and water droplets. It can be found on the soil surface and at almost any depth. Compacting soils leads to conditions that are less than optimum for crop growth, soil water management and efficient use of agricultural chemicals.

G90-989 Drinking Water: Bacteria (Revised November 1998), Sharon Skipton, Paul J. Jasa, David L. Varner, Delynn Hay

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses recommended practices to manage bacteria in a domestic water supply. The presence of bacteria and pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms is a concern when considering the safety of drinking water. Pathogenic organisms can cause intestinal infections, dysentery, hepatitis, typhoid fever, cholera, and other illnesses.

Ec90-2502 Perspectives On Nitrates, Gary W. Hergert, Richard A. Wiese, Delynn Hay, William A. Lee, Ann Ziebarth, Richard B. Davis, Constance Kies, Carolyn Bednar, Norman Schneider, Alex Hogg, Robert A. Britton, J. David Aiken

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The potential adverse consequences of nitrate on both human and animal health has long been recognized. This extension circular is comprised of six papers that include:

• Nitrogen in our Environment
• Alternatives When Excessive Nitrate is Present in Drinking Water
• Nitrates, Nutrites and Methemoglobinemia
• Nitrates, Nutrities, N-Nitroso Compounds and Nutrition
• Excessive Nitrate/Nitrite Exposure: Nitrate Poisoning and Related Animal Health Effects
• Nitrates and Ground Water Quality Protection Policies

13.3.3. Aquatic Invertebrates Important For Waterfowl Production, Jan Eldridge

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Aquatic invertebrates play a critical role in the diet of female ducks during the breeding season. Most waterfowl hens shift from a winter diet of seeds and plant material to a spring diet of mainly invertebrates. The purpose of this chapter is to give managers a quick reference to the important invertebrate groups that prairie-nesting ducks consume.

Waterfowl species depend differentially on the various groups of invertebrates present in prairie wetlands, but a few generalizations are possible. Snails, crustaceans, and insects are important invertebrate groups for reproducing ducks (Table). Most species of laying hens rely on calcium from snail shells …

13.3.3. Aquatic Invertebrates Important For Waterfowl Production, Jan Eldridge

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Aquatic invertebrates play a critical role in the diet of female ducks during the breeding season. Most waterfowl hens shift from a winter diet of seeds and plant material to a spring diet of mainly invertebrates. The purpose of this chapter is to give managers a quick reference to the important invertebrate groups that prairie-nesting ducks consume.

Waterfowl species depend differentially on the various groups of invertebrates present in prairie wetlands, but a few generalizations are possible. Snails, crustaceans, and insects are important invertebrate groups for reproducing ducks (Table). Most species of laying hens rely on calcium from snail shells …

13.4.2. Economic And Legal Incentives For Waterfowl Management On Private Lands, Richard D. Schultz

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Waterfowl management on public lands in the United States began about 1870 with the establishment of Lake Merritt, a State-owned refuge near Oakland, California. In 1924 the United States established the Upper Mississippi River Wild Life and Fish Refuge, a complex of waterfowl habitats extending from Wabasha, Minnesota, to Rock Island, Illinois. Over the next 50 years, more than 80 million acres of county, State, and Federal lands were acquired across the United States to provide waterfowl production, migration, and wintering habitats. Because of these early (and continuing) efforts, a significant portion of North America’s remaining valuable wetland complexes exists …

13.4.4. Habitat Management For Molting Waterfowl, James K. Ringelman

Waterfowl Management Handbook

The ecology, behavior, and life history strategies of waterfowl are inseparably linked to that unique avian attribute, feathers. Waterfowl rely on flight capabilities to migrate, to fully exploit the resources of wetland and upland communities, and to escape life-threatening events. The insulation provided by contour and down feathers allows waterfowl to use a wide range of habitats and protects them from temperature extremes. Plumage is important not only for species recognition during courtship, but also for cryptic coloration of females during incubation. However, feathers become worn and must be periodically replaced. The process of feather renewal, or molt, is a …

13.1.2 Life History Traits And Management Of The Gadwall, James K. Ringelman

Waterfowl Management Handbook

The gadwall is widely distributed throughout the western two-thirds of North America. Although its primary breeding habitat is in the drought-prone and degraded waterfowl habitats of the northern Great Plains, its continental population has remained relatively stable while those of most other dabbling ducks have declined. Some unique life history traits may in part be responsible for the resilience of gadwall populations. These unique attributes, which are important for gadwall management, are the subject of this leaflet. Readers interested in general references on gadwall biology and natural history are referred to Bellrose (1980) or Palmer (1976).

G90-977 Johne's Disease (Paratuberculosis), Duane N. Rice, Douglas G. Rogers

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses paratuberculosis (a costly disease) of cattle, sheep and goats, its causes, clinical signs, transmission, diagnosis and control measures.

Johne's Disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic wasting disease that causes considerable production losses in adult cattle, sheep and goats. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, a bacterium related to the tuberculosis bacterium Mycobacterium bovis.

This bacterium causes an enteritis (inflamed intestinal tract) that results in severe weight loss and diarrhea. Some animals may be so emaciated (thin, dehydrated) that they are condemned at slaughter; others may suffer from reduced productivity long before clinical (visible) signs …

G90-987 Colostrum Quality And Absorption In Baby Calves, Duane N. Rice, Douglas G. Rogers

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explains the importance of early feeding of high quality colostrum to the newborn calf.

The intake and absorption of colostral immunoglobulins, which include antibodies against disease, are essential to the health of the newborn calf. The newborn calf is virtually devoid of circulating antibodies and thus relies on antibodies acquired from colostrum for protection against common disease-causing organisms (pathogens). Significant amounts of the antibodies obtained from good quality colostrum, if fed early enough, are transferred across the small intestine and into the blood during the first few hours of life (passive transfer). Antibodies entering the blood are further …

G90-978 Byproduct Feedstuffs For Beef And Dairy Cattle, Don J. Kubik, Rick Stock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide details the type of byproduct feedstuffs available for beef and dairy cattle, a description of their characteristics and discussion of their nutrient value. Byproduct feeds have become a stabilizing factor in the economic success of many beef and dairy operations. Byproduct feeds are the residue that remains after feeds have been processed. The processing of soybeans into soybean meal results in a large supply of soybean hulls. Processing corn into high fructose syrup provides corn gluten feed and corn bran. Converting corn starch into ethanol provides distillers grains. Hominy, a byproduct of processing corn starch for human consumption, …

Ec90-268 Nebraska Beef Weaning-Yearling Worksheet

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

EC90-268, Nebraska Beef Weaning-Yearling Worksheet helps farmers and ranchers keep track of details on a an animal's performance through a given year.

Ec90-104 Nebraska Soybean Variety Tests, Lenis Alton Nelson, Roger Wesley Elmore, R. S. Moomaw

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension circular 90-104 is about Nebraska soybean variety tests in 1990.

Ec91-102 C Nebraska Spring Wheat, Oats, Barley, Canola And Crambe Variety Tests 1991, Lenis Alton Nelson, David D. Baltensperger, Russell S. Moomaw

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension circular 91-102-C: This circular is a progress report of Nebraska spring wheat, oats, barley, canola and crambe variety trials conducted in 1991 by personnel of the agronomy department and the Northeast and Panhandle Centers and their associated agricultural laboratories.

Ec90-1511 1990 Insect Management Guide For Alfalfa, Soybeans, Wheat, Range, And Pasture, S. D. Danielson, R. J. Wright, J. F. Witkowski

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 90-1511: 1990 Insect Management Guide for Alfalfa, Soybeans, Wheat, Range, Pasture.

Ec90-1537 1990 Insect Management Guide For Sugarbeets, Dry Beans, Sunflowers, Vetch, Potatoes, And Onions, G. L. Hein, R. J. Wright, F. P. Baxendale

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension circular 90-1537 is about 1990 insect management guide for sugarbeets, dry beans, sunflowers, vetch, potatoes, and onions.

Imported Fire Ant Infestation Of Soybean Fields In The Southern United States, W. A. Banks, C. T. Adams, C. S. Lofgren, D. P. Wojcik

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Moderate to heavy infestations of the imported fire ants (IFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren and S. richteri Forel, have reduced soybean production in the southern United States. In early surveys of crop damage, Wilson & Eads (1949) attributed a loss of about three percent of the soybean crop in three south Alabama counties to the ants. Adams et al. (1976, 1977) reported that 16.8 to 49.1 kg/ha of soybeans in Georgia and North Carolina were not harvested because of physical interference of S. invicta mounds with combine operation. Subsequent studies in Florida and Mississippi showed that IFA feeding on the germinating …

Ec90-219 1990 Nebraska Swine Report, M. C. Brumm, Jan Mohrmann, Larry L. Bitney, Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Pushpa Srikumaran, Sally A. Breisch, Steven J. Weiss, Gary A. Anderson, Donald G. Levis, Duane Reese, Luis Gama, Clyde Naber, Terry Radke, Edd Clemens, Alyce Zalesky, Dennis Schulte, Gerald R. Bodman, Marcus Milanuk, David P. Shelton, Joe D. Hancock, E.R. Peo, Austin J. Lewis, Mark A. Giesemann, Lee I. Chiba, Gary F. Louis, William C. Weldon, Robert V. Knox, Murray Danielson, William Ahlschwede, Rodger K. Johnson, Gregg Eckardt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1990 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G90-964 How Soil Holds Water, Norman L. Klocke, Gary W. Hergert

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the physical characteristics that influence how soil holds water.

Dryland and irrigationd agriculture depend on the management of two basic natural resources, soil and water. Soil is the supporting structure of plant life and water is essential to sustain plant life. The wise use of these resources requires a basic understanding of soil and water as well as the crop.

The available water capacity and characteristics of soils are critical to water management planning for irrigationd and dryland crops. The management decisions of what crops to plant, plant populations, when to irrigation, how much to irrigation, when …

G90-999 Nutritional Management Of The High-Producing Dairy Cow In The 1990s, Rick J. Grant, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses important aspects of grouping and feeding systems, body conditioning, and nutritional requirements for high-producing dairy cows.

An effective feeding system allows maximum intake of a nutritionally balanced ration. The use of production-enhancing compounds, such as Bovine Somatropin (BST), makes proper nutritional management of high-producing dairy cows even more critical. This NebGuide discusses important aspects of grouping and feeding systems, body conditioning, and nutritional requirements for high-producing dairy cows.

As herd production levels continue to increase along with the average herd size, it is becoming more difficult for many dairy producers to feed their cattle adequate nutrients to …

Myofibrillar Protein Turnover In Feed-Restricted And Realimented Beef Cattle, Steven J. Jones, D. Starkey, Chris R. Calkins, J.D. Crouse

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feed restriction and repletion on myofibrillar protein turnover in cattle. Crossbred steer calves (n = 12) about 310 d of age were assigned randomly to a diet of corn and silage that was 1) provided ad libitum for 146 d (ALC) or 2) restricted so steers gained .2 kg/d for 80 d but received ad libitum access to feed thereafter for 66 d (RFC). At 27, 55, 97, 118 and 146 d a 24-h urine sample and a blood sample were obtained. Urine was analyzed for N^τ-methylhistidine …

Efficacy Of The Urea Dilution Technique In Estimating Empty Body Composition Of Pigs Weighing 50 Kilograms, L. I. Chiba, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The efficacy of the urea dilution technique in estimating the empty body composition of pigs weighing 50 kg was evaluated in three trials using 17 contemporary (Large White x Landrace x Hampshire x Duroc) and 8 Nebraska Gene Pool x contemporary pigs. Blood samples were collected via ear catheter before infusion (-60, -30 and 0 min) and at various times (3 to 90 min) after urea infusion (2.16 mmol/kg live BW), and analyzed for plasma urea. Backfat thickness of live pigs from the contemporary line was measured ultrasonically. Pigs then were killed by euthanasic injection. and total bodies (with gastrointestinal …

Nutritive Value Of Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) Meal: Utilization By Growing Pigs Of Semipurified Diets In Which Rubber Seed Meal Partially Replaced Soybean Meal, G. M. Babatunde, W. G. Pond, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Thirty-six four-way cross (Chester White x Landrace x Large White x Yorkshire) growing bmws and gilts were used to investigate the effects of replacing graded levels of protein from soybean meal with equivalent levels of protein from rubber seed meal in 16% CP semipurified diets on the performance characteristics, hematocrit, plasma metabolites and N utilization of pigs.

Twinning In Cattle: Ii. Genetic And Environmental Effects On Ovulation Rate In Puberal Heifers And Postpartum Cows And The Effects Of Ovulation Rate On Embryonic Survival, S.E. Echternkamp, K. E. Gregory, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The potential of ovulation rate before 18 to 21 mo of age in puberal heifers as an indirect selection criterion for twinning rate was considered. Heritability (h²) was .07 ± .03 for single observations and .34 ± .18 for the mean of 7.9 estrous cycles per heifer. Estimated repeatability (r) of ovulation rate was ≤h², indicating negligible permanent environmental effects. Expected h² for mean ovulation rate (assuming h² = r = .07 for single observations) for increasing numbers of estrous cycles would be as follows: 4, .23; 6, .31; 8, .38; and 10, .43. …

Twinning In Cattle: 1. Foundation Animals And Genetic And Environmental Effects On Winning Rate, K. E. Gregory, S. E. Echternkamp, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Foundation cows were selected using prior records from one of two sources, private herds or other projects at the Research Center. Comparing twinning rates before and after selection, the repeatability was lower for those from the fist (.08) than for those from the second (.16) source with a combined value of .12. Realized heritability of single-parity twinning rate estimated from selection of parents and response in daughters of foundation females was .06. Paternal half-sib estimate of heritability of twinning rate was .02 ± .07. Estimates of repeatability computed from calving records of females born in the project indicate that permanent …

Primary Sequence Of The Escherichia Coli Fadba Operon, Encoding The Fatty Acid-Oxidizing Multienzyme Complex, Indicates A High Degree Of Homology To Eucaryotic Enzymes, Concetta C. Dirusso

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

In Escherichia coli at least five enzyme activities required for the beta-oxidation of fatty acids are associated with a multienzyme complex composed of two subunits in α₂β₂ conformation (A. Pramanik et al., J. Bacteriol. 137:469-473, 1979). In the present work, the DNA sequence of the genes encoding these two subunits, fadB and fadA, has been determined. The direction of transcription was from fadB to fadA rather than from fadA to fadB, as suggested previously (S. K. Spratt et al., J. Bacteriol. 158:535-542, 1984). Only 10 nucleotides separated the coding sequences for the two peptides, confirming …

Enzymatic And Nonenzymatic Mechanisms For Ferric Leghemoglobin Reduction In Legume Root Nodules, Manuel Becana, Robert V. Klucas

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Evidence is presented for the operation in nodules of at least four systems for restoring functional ferrous leghemoglobin (Lb²⁺) from its inactive, ferric form. (i) Reduction of ferric leghemoglobin (Lb³⁺) by a reductase. The enzyme is a flavoprotein of 100 kDa with two equally sized subunits and exhibits a K_m of 9 µM for soybean Lb³⁺ component a and a K. of 51 µM for NADH. NADPH is only 30% (initial velocities) as effective as NADH. Lb³⁺ reductase converts 215 nmol of Lb³+to Lb²⁺ •CO (or Lb²⁺ •O_{2 …}

Alkali-Labile Cell-Wall Phenolics And Forage Quality In Switchgrasses Selected For Differing Digestibility, B. C. Gabrielsen, Kenneth P. Vogel, J. K. Ward

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Alkali-labile cell-wall phenolics have been implicated in previous research as factors that affect forage digestibility by ruminants. Alkali- labile cell-wall phenolics, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (permanganate-oxidation), and crude protein (CP) were determined in three switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) strains differing genetically for IVDMD to determine relationships between • these quality parameters and IVDMD during the grazing season. Grazed (upper 1/3 of grazed plants) and ungrazed (whole plants in caged exclosures) forage was collected weekly from replicated 0.4- ha pastures of 'Trailblazer' (high IVDMD), 'Pathfinder', and a low- IVDMD strain during …