Digital Commons Network^™

Morphological Variability In Tree Root Architecture Indirectly Affects Coexistence Among Competitors In The Understory, Erik T. Aschehoug, Ragan M. Callaway

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Interactions between plants can have strong effects on community structure and function. Variability in the morphological, developmental, physiological, and biochemical traits of plants can influence the outcome of plant interactions and thus have important ecological consequences. However, the ecological ramifications of trait variability in plants are poorly understood and have rarely been tested in the field. We experimentally tested the effects of morphological variation in root architecture of Quercus douglasii trees in the field on interactions between understory plants and community composition. Our results indicate that variability among Q. douglasii tree root systems initiates a striking reversal in the competitive …

Bioe 342.30: Field Ecology, Jack Arthur Stanford

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Analysing The Spatio-Temporal Impacts Of The 2003 And 2010 Extreme Heatwaves On Plant Productivity In Europe, A. Bastos, C. M. Trigo, R. M. Trigo, Steven W. Running

Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications

In the last decade, Europe has been stricken by two outstanding heatwaves, the 2003 event in western Europe and the 2010 episode over Russia. Both events were characterized by record-breaking temperatures and widespread socioeconomic impacts, including significant increments on human mortality, decreases in crop yields and in hydroelectric production. Previous works have shown that an extreme climatic event does not always imply an extreme response by ecosystems. This work attempts to assess how extreme was the vegetation response to the heatwaves during 2003 and 2010 in Europe, in order to quantify the impacts of the two events on carbon fluxes …

Rapid Reservoir Erosion, Hyperconcentrated Flow, And Downstream Deposition Triggered By Breaching Of 38 M Tall Condit Dam, White Salmon River, Washington, Andrew C. Wilcox, Jim E. O'Connor, Jon J. Major

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Condit Dam on the White Salmon River,Washington, a 38m high dam impounding a large volume (1.8 million m³) of fine-grained sediment (60% sand, 35% silt and clay, and 5% gravel), was rapidly breached in October 2011. This unique dam decommissioning produced dramatic upstream and downstream geomorphic responses in the hours and weeks following breaching. Blasting a 5 m wide hole into the base of the dam resulted in rapid reservoir drawdown, abruptly releasing ~1.6 million m³ of reservoir water, exposing reservoir sediment to erosion, and triggering mass failures of the thickly accumulated reservoir sediment. Within 90 min …

June 2014 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

University Of Montana Commencement Program, 2014, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of The Registrar

University of Montana Commencement Programs, 1898-2020

Commencement program from the University of Montana.

Terrestrial Hydrological Controls On Land Surface Phenology Of African Savannas And Woodlands, Kaiyu Guan, Eric F. Wood, David Medvigy, John S. Kimball, Ming Pan, Kelly K. Caylor, Justin Sheffield, Xiangtao Xu, Matthew O. Jones

Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group Publications

This paper presents a continental-scale phenological analysis of African savannas and woodlands. We apply an array of synergistic vegetation and hydrological data records from satellite remote sensing and model simulations to explore the influence of rainy season timing and duration on regional land surface phenology and ecosystem structure. We find that (i) the rainy season onset precedes and is an effective predictor of the growing season onset in African grasslands. (ii) African woodlands generally have early green-up before rainy season onset and have a variable delayed senescence period after the rainy season, with this delay correlated nonlinearly with tree fraction. …

Montana Kaimin, April 22, 2014, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Halogen-Bonding Cataylsis, George F. Neuhaus Mr.

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Halogen-bonding Catalysis

By George Neuhaus

Abstract

Catalysis plays an important role in all fields of chemistry. Many catalysts used today are heavy metals, which are avoided in pharmaceutical production due to their toxicity. This limits the variety of drugs produced because some reactions are successful only in the presence of these metals. The purpose of this research is to synthesize and test novel halogen-bonding organocatalysts that will improve pharmaceutical synthesis by opening reaction pathways that are currently only available with heavy metals. The catalysts developed will improve catalysis of Michael-type additions by which Paroxetine, an anti depressant, ZemplerⓇ, which prevents …

The Geometry Of Corkscrew Tangles, Holt W. Bodish, Jay M. Egenhoff, Dennis Wesley Price, Cody A. Sevier

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

This project highlights the connections between elastic spaces, known as topological spaces, and spaces with rigid geometric structure. It is an investigation of an infinite subset of topological spaces not yet studied which are known as corkscrew tangles. These are formed by “drilling” (conceptually) two tunnels out of a solid ball, from which the geometric structure of the tangles may be deduced.

Preliminary efforts have led to a description of the geometry of the simplest tangles in the family. Furthermore, a consistent method has been found to triangulate arbitrary tangles and this seems to be the key to finding geometric …

Minimizing Direct Competitions In Complete Components Of (1,2)-Step Competition Graphs, Nathan Sponberg

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Graph theory is a useful tool for studying systems of food webs, a concept from ecology that models the predator-prey relationships between species in an ecosystem. We have used this concept to inform and motivate our exploration of graph theory. In particular we examine the characteristics of (1,2)-step competition graphs developed by Factor and Merz in 2010, which are an extension of normal competition graphs first introduced by Cohen in 1968. Factor and Merz define the (1,2)-step competition graph of a digraph D, denoted by C_1,2(D), as the graph with the same vertex set as D …

Umcur 2014 Program Pdf

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The original program includes the general schedule as well as individual poster and presentation schedules and abstracts.

Climate And Topographic Controls On Simulated Pasture Production In A Semiarid Mediterranean Watershed With Scattered Tree Cover, J. Lozano-Parra, Marco P. Maneta, S. Schnabel

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Natural grasses in semiarid rangelands constitute an effective protection against soil erosion and degradation, are a source of natural food for livestock and play a critical role in the hydrologic cycle by contributing to the uptake and transpiration of water. However, natural pastures are threatened by land abandonment and the consequent encroachment of shrubs and trees as well as by changing climatic conditions. In spite of their ecological and economic importance, the spatiotemporal variations of pasture production at the decadal–century scales over whole watersheds are poorly known.We used a physically based, spatially distributed ecohydrologic model applied to a 99.5 ha …

A Satellite Data Driven Biophysical Modeling Approach For Estimating Northern Peatland And Tundra Co2 And Ch4 Fluxes, J. D. Watts, John S. Kimball, F. J. W. Parmentier, T. Sachs, J. Rinne, D. Zona, W. Oechel, T. Tagesson, M. Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. Aurela

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The northern terrestrial net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) is contingent on inputs from vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) to offset the ecosystem respiration (Reco) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) emissions, but an effective framework to monitor the regional Arctic NECB is lacking. We modified a terrestrial carbon flux (TCF) model developed for satellite remote sensing applications to evaluate wetland CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes over pan-Arctic eddy covariance (EC) flux tower sites. The TCF model estimates GPP, CO2 and CH4 emissions using in situ or remote sensing and reanalysis-based climate data as inputs. …

Glutamate Transporter Control Of Ambient Glutamate Levels, Weinan Sun, Denis M. Shchepakin, Leonid Kalachev, Michael P. Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Accurate knowledge of the ambient extracellular glutamate concentration in brain is required for understanding its potential impacts on tonic and phasic receptor signaling. Estimates of ambient glutamate based on microdialysis measurements are generally in the range of ∼2–10 μM, approximately 100-fold higher than estimates based on electrophysiological measurements of tonic NMDA receptor activity (∼25–90 nM). The latter estimates are closer to the low nanomolar estimated thermodynamic limit of glutamate transporters. The reasons for this discrepancy are not known, but it has been suggested that microdialysis measurements could overestimate ambient extracellular glutamate because of reduced glutamate transporter activity in a …

Montana Business Quarterly, Spring 2014, University Of Montana--Missoula. Bureau Of Business And Economic Research

Montana Business Quarterly, 1949-2021

This is an academic publication produced by the Bureau of Business and Economic Research (BBER) at the University of Montana’s College of Business. This is volume 52, number 1.

Department Of Mathematical Sciences Newsletter, Spring 2014, University Of Montana--Missoula. Department Of Mathematical Sciences

Newsletters from the Department of Mathematical Sciences at UM

UM To Host Public Lectures at the June PNW Annual Meeting / Kelly McKinnie -- PNW Schedule -- Students Teach Students through Gifted and Talented Program / Bonnie Spence -- Notes from the Chair / Leonid Kalachev -- Spring 2014 Scholarship and Award Winners -- Degree Recipients 2013-2014 -- Halfway Around the World / Mariah Smith -- Adam Clinch Awarded KSTF Fellowship / Matt Roscoe -- Professor William Ballard -- Alumni Reply Form -- Honor Roll of Donors -- Student Spotlight / Jen Halfpap

Exposure Of U.S. National Parks To Land Use And Climate Change 1900-2100, Andrew J. Hansen, Cory Davis, Jessica Haas, David M. Theobald, John E. Gross, William B. Monahan, Tom Olliff, Steven W. Running

Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications

Many protected areas may not be adequately safeguarding biodiversity from human activities on surrounding lands and global change. The magnitude of such change agents and the sensitivity of ecosystems to these agents vary among protected areas. Thus, there is a need to assess vulnerability across networks of protected areas to determine those most at risk and to lay the basis for developing effective adaptation strategies. We conducted an assessment of exposure of U.S. National Parks to climate and land use change and consequences for vegetation communities. We first defined park protected-area centered ecosystems (PACEs) based on ecological principles. We then …

Montanan, Spring 2014, University Of Montana--Missoula

Montanan Magazine, 1969-2024

This is the magazine of the University of Montana with news about the University for UM alumni as well as current faculty, students, staff, and administrators. This is volume 31, number 2.

Consequences Of A Refuge For The Predator-Prey Dynamics Of A Wolf-Elk System In Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada, Joshua F. Goldberg, Mark Hebblewhite, Jonathan M. Bardsley

Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications

Refugia can affect predator-prey dynamics via movements between refuge and non-refuge areas. We examine the influence of a refuge on population dynamics in a large mammal predator-prey system. Wolves (Canis lupus) have recolonized much of their former range in North America, and as a result, ungulate prey have exploited refugia to reduce predation risk with unknown impacts on wolf-prey dynamics. We examined the influence of a refuge on elk (Cervus elaphus) and wolf population dynamics in Banff National Park. Elk occupy the Banff townsite with little predation, whereas elk in the adjoining Bow Valley experience higher wolf predation. The Banff …

Montana Kaimin, March 14, 2014, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, March 5, 2014, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Minutes From The February 13, 2014 Meeting Of The University Of Montana Faculty, University Of Montana--Missoula. Faculty

University of Montana Faculty Senate Meeting Minutes

Meeting minutes from the February 13, 2014 meeting of the University of Montana faculty.

A Broadly Implementable Research Course In Phage Discovery And Genomics For First-Year Undergraduate Students, Tuajuanda C. Jordan, Sandra H. Burnett, Susan Carson, Steven M. Caruso, Karl Clase, Randall J. Dejong, John J. Dennehy, Dee R. Denver, David Dunbar, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Ann M. Findley, Chris R. Gissendanner, Urszula P. Golebiewska, Nancy Guild, Grant A. Hartzog, Wendy H. Grillo, Gail P. Hollowell, Lee E. Hughes, Allison Johnson, Rodney A. King, Lynn O. Lewis T, Wei Li, Frank Rosenzweig, Michael R. Rubin, Margaret S. Saha, James Sandoz, Christopher D. Shaffer, Barbara Taylor, Louise Temple, Edwin Vazquez, Vassie C. Ware, Lucia P. Barker, Kevin W. Bradley, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Welkin H. Pope, Daniel A. Russell, Steven G. Cresawn, David Lopatto, Cheryl P. Bailey, Graham F. Hatfull

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Engaging large numbers of undergraduates in authentic scientific discovery is desirable but difficult to achieve. We have developed a general model in which faculty and teaching assistants from diverse academic institutions are trained to teach a research course for first-year undergraduate students focused on bacteriophage discovery and genomics. The course is situated within a broader scientific context aimed at understanding viral diversity, such that faculty and students are collaborators with established researchers in the field. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) course has been widely implemented and has been …

The 2010 Banff Workshop On Teachers As Stakeholders In Mer, Bharath Sriraman

The Mathematics Enthusiast

No abstract provided.

If You Really Want To Get Ahead, Get A Bunch Of Theories… And Data To Test Them, Alan H. Schoenfeld

The Mathematics Enthusiast

This paper addresses questions of mathematics teachers’ professional development. My goal is not to provide “answers,” although I have worked for some years to enhance teachers’ capacity to create rich learning environments for their students. Rather, my goal is to problematize the issue, to ask: How do we frame questions of professional development in ways that are theoretically grounded? What theories do you need to know, in order do a good job of professional development? In the light of this kind of theoretical framing, I will discuss two related attempts at supporting teachers in their work.

The Teachers Institute Approach To Professional Development, Roger Howe

The Mathematics Enthusiast

The Yale New Haven Teachers Institute (YNHTI) provides a distinctive, perhaps nearly unique, approach to professional development. It originated in the 1978 as an outreach activity of Yale University to the New Haven Public Schools. For 20 years, it operated almost exclusively in New Haven. In 1998, under the leadership of its founder, James Vivian, YNHTI conducted a National Demonstration Project, and since 2004 has promoted a National Initiative, to spread the Teachers Institute model to other cities, with a focus on school districts with low income demographics. Currently there is a League of Teachers Institutes with Institutes operating in …

Teaching And Learning Mathematics With Math Fair, Lesson Study And Classroom Mentorship, Sharon Friesen, Krista Francis-Poscente

The Mathematics Enthusiast

For more than a decade, researchers, math educators and professional developers from the Galileo Educational Network (Galileo) in the Faculty of Education at the University of Calgary, to which the two of us are associated, have worked to improve the teaching of mathematics. Our focus has always been twofold: to improve teacher knowledge of mathematics and the pedagogy of teaching mathematics. We report on the extensive work we have conducted with teachers with lesson study, classroom mentorships and math fairs.

Teachers As Stakeholders In Mathematics Education Research, Michael Jarry-Shore, Sandra Mcneil

The Mathematics Enthusiast

In this paper, we report on our experiences with professional development at the Calgary Girls School in Alberta, Canada. In particular we reflect on factors such as mentoring and teacher coaching that contribute to higher student achievement as well as a culture of cooperation and collaboration in the context of the Alberta Initiative for School Improvement (AISI).

The Others’ Voice: Availing Other Disciplines’ Knowledge About Sustainable Impact Of Professional Development Programmes, Stefan Zehetmeier

The Mathematics Enthusiast

This paper deals with the sustainable impact of innovations and professional development programmes. While research on this issue is rather scarce in educational disciplines (and in particular in mathematics teacher education), some other domains like health care or development aid are well grounded in research results regarding this topic. This article gives an insight into the other disciplines’ knowledge concerning the impact of innovations and professional development programmes and the respective fostering and hindering factors. Moreover, possible implications for (mathematics) teacher education are discussed.