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Grazing Management Of An Italian Ryegrass Sward With Dairy Sheep In The Mediterranean Environment, M Sitzia, P P. Roggero, N Fois, G Molle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A grazing experiment was conducted in North-West Sardinia with the aim of testing the sward height as a mean to set up an efficient spring management of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Three fields were continuously grazed during spring 1992 by three groups of 12 dairy Sarda ewes, at three different sward heights (SH): 30 - 60 - 90 mm. The target sward height was obtained by continuously adjusting the field sizes. The results showed that the different grazing managements influenced the above ground biomass production and partitioning of the Italian ryegrass and the animal performances. During the vegetative …

Estimation Of Herbage Intake Of High Producing Milking Cows Under Intensive Grazing With A Supplementary Feeding Method In Northern Japan, K Ohiai, K Sudo, T Ikeda, T Honma

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to estimate the herbage intake and to assess a supplementary feeding method for high producing milk cows under intensive grazing. Eight high producing milking cows were grazed rotationally on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) dominant mixed pasture and on meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L) dominant mixed pasture, changing rotation period and grazing area ccording to seasonal pasture growth rate. Pasture intakes were estimated to be about 2% of body weight by TDN requirements estimation of animals. A supplementary feeding method is examined to be proper for high producing milking cows under …

Experiences Of Eight Ohio Beef And Sheep Producers With Year Round Grazing, H M. Bartholomew, S L. Boyles, B Carter, E Vollborn, D Miller, R M. Sulc

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock producers participated in a demonstration project to extend the grazing season and evaluate dormant forage quality and yield. Differences were not detected in yields among forage species but yield differences existed among sites. Yield estimates did not change over time across all forage species but some sites were only able to participate for two months. Producers utilizing fescue beyond November had reductions in herbage mass. Crude protein, available crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber content differed among forage species and sites. Energy and lignin content were similar for all forage species and sites. Sodium and copper …

Implementation, Enrollment, And Engagement In An Opt-Out Telehealth Pharmacist-Assisted Tobacco Treatment Program For Patients Seen In Oncology Outpatient Clinics, K. Michael Cummings, Benjamin A. Toll, Vincent Talbot, Avery Roberson, Dianne Wilson, Martha Dunlap, Emily C. Ware, Amanda M. Palmer, Asia A. Bliss, Vincent S. Anokye, Graham Warren

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To describe the workflow, reach, cost, and self-reported quit rates for an opt-out tobacco treatment program (TTP) for patients seen in 43 oncology outpatient clinics.

METHODS: Between May 25, 2021, and December 31, 2022, adult patients (≥18 years) visiting clinics affiliated with the Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center were screened for smoking status. Those currently smoking were referred to a telehealth pharmacy-assisted TTP. An attempt was made to contact referred patients by phone. Patients reached were offered free smoking cessation counseling and a 2-week starter kit of nicotine replacement medication. A random sample of 420 patients …

Iron Oxide Nanozymes Enhanced By Ascorbic Acid For Macrophage-Based Cancer Therapy, Zhongchao Yi, Xiaoyue Yang, Ying Liang, Sheng Tong

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

In recent years, using pharmacological ascorbic acid has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, owing to its capacity to induce extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O 2) production in solid tumors. The H2 O 2 is then converted into cytotoxic hydroxyl free radicals (HO•) by redox-active Fe2+ inside cells. However, the high dosage of ascorbic acid required for efficacy is hampered by adverse effects such as kidney stone formation. In a recent study, we demonstrated the efficient catalytic conver- sion of H2 O2 to HO• by wüstite (Fe 1−xO) nanoparticles (WNPs) through a heterogenous Fenton reaction. Here, we explore …

Challenges Of Spatially Resolved Metabolism In Cancer Research, Andrew N. Lane, Richard M. Higashi, Teresa W-M Fan

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics comprises a critical set of technologies that can be applied to a wide variety of systems, from isolated cells to whole organisms, to define metabolic pathway usage and responses to perturbations such as drugs or mutations, as well as providing the basis for flux analysis. As the diversity of stable isotope-enriched compounds is very high, and with newer approaches to multiplexing, the coverage of metabolism is now very extensive. However, as the complexity of the model increases, including more kinds of interacting cell types and interorgan communication, the analytical complexity also increases. Further, as studies move further …

Intake Of High Producing Holstein Cows Grazing Pasture Or Fed A Total Mixed Ration, E S. Kolver, L D. Muller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The ability of a pasture diet to support a high dry matter intake without supplementary feed was determined using 16 high producing Holstein cows. Cows (n=8) were adapted to an all-pasture diet by incrementally reducing the amount of total mixed ration (TMR) fed over four weeks. A control group of cows (n=8) remained in confinement and were fed a TMR. Performance of grazing cows differed significantly (P < 0.001) from TMR fed cows by intake (19.0 vs. 23.4 kg DM/d), milk production (29.6 vs. 44.1 kg/d), milk protein content (2.61 vs. 2.80%), liveweight (562.1 vs. 597.3 kg), and condition score (2.02 vs. 2.50). Results indicate that intake of good quality pasture is higher than previously estimated for high producing Holstein cows in the USA, but that milk production is 15 kg/d less than when cows are fed a TMR.

Milk Production And Feed Intake At Different Stocking Rates In An Intensive Grazing System, Y Togamura, K Ochiai, S Shioya, K Otsuki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this research was to determine milk productivity from pasture, using dairy cows of higher performance (>7500 kg for a 305-day lactation) in an intensive grazing system. In both 1993 and 1994 two groups of 3 cows each were grazed from spring to autumn: one group in 1.1 ha (LS) and the other group in 0.65 ha (HS) pasture. A different part of each pasture was cut for hay or silage twice a year. Concentrate and roughage were supplied according to the nutrient requirement of the cows. Milk production from grazed and harvested herbage of the LS …

Forage Quality, Steer Grazing Performance And Milk Production Using Tifton 85 Bermudagrass Pastures And Conserved Forages, G M. Hill, R N. Gates, J W. West, G W. Burton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage quality and steer performance were determined in a two-year grazing study using replicated .81 ha pastures of Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.), Tifton 78 and Tifton 85 bermudagrasses. Pastures received 252 kg N/ha annually in three applications. Forage quality of esophageal masticate in July and September indicated that crude protein was higher (P < .05) for all pastures in September than in July. In vitro dry matter disappearance was higher (P < .05) for Tifton 85 than Coastal at both sampling dates. Steer daily gains were similar for the three bermudagrass treatments, but steer gain/ha was higher (P < .10) for Tifton 85 than for Coastal and Tifton 78 pastures. In a dairy cattle experiment (40 cows; 20 Holstein, 20 Jerseys; average 49 days in milk; six-week treatment period), Tifton 85 and alfalfa hay were fed at 15% and 30% of dietary DM, substituted for corn silage in total mixed diets. Cows consumed more DM when offered alfalfa hay than Tifton 85 hay diets (21.2 vs 19.1 kg/day, P < .01), had higher DM intake on low than high hay diets (20.4 vs 19.9 kg/day, P <.10) and had higher DM intake on the control silage-based diet than on hay diets (21.1 vs 20.1 kg/day, P < .05). Average daily milk yield and 3.5% fat corrected milk yield followed trends similar to DM intake for forage source and hay level in diets. Tifton 85 bermudagrass produced higher gains in beef steers than two other cultivars, and Tifton 85 hay has potential for utilization in dairy diets.

Grazing Affects Pest And Beneficial Invertebrates In Australian Pastures, P J. Michael, M Grimm, M Hyder, P T. Doyle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing annual subterranean pastures in Western Australia to targeted levels of pasture mass, instead of at a set stocking rate, affected numbers of invertebrates at the commencement of the following season. Treatments were controlled grazing to 1.4 t ha-1 or 2.8 t ha -1 dry weight of green pasture and set stocking at the average for the district. Grazing reduced numbers of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, but increased numbers of lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis. The most likely reason for the reverse effect on lucerne flea was the presence of an effective predator, the pasture snout mite, Bdellodes lapidaria …

Milk Production From Ruzi Grass Alone, Ruzi Mixed With Leucaena And Ruzi Supplemented With Dolichos Lablab, S Tudsri, S Prasanpanich, S Swasdiphanich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three groups of dairy cattle were compared under different grazing managements viz. strip-grazed on pure ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), strip-grazed on mixed pasture between ruzi and leucaena (Luecaena luecocephala) and strip-grazed on pure ruzi and supplemented with lablab (Lablab purpureus). The results showed that the animals that received the legumes through supplementary or mixed with the grass produced higher in daily milk yield (13.63 and 13.26 kg/cow) and fat percentage (4.7 and 4.5) than that of the pure grass alone (12.00 kg/cow for milk yield and 4.2 % for fat). This advantage was due …

Forage Seed Production In Egypt For Domestic Marker And For Export, M A. El-Nahrawy, A Rammah, O Niemelainen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Egypt, no major effort is made to provide local and export markets with seeds of correctly identified and pure cultivars of forage crops in spite of the existence of all the essential factors for a successful seed industry. A wide genetic base of indigenous forage crops such as berseem clover and alfalfa, proper irrigation, a harvest and seed maturation period free from rain, sunshine and clear sky all year and highly fertile soils in isolated areas are available. Moreover, uncertified, uncontrolled and unidentified local seeds of berseem clover and alfalfa are highly demanded by foreign markets due to their …

Mapping Recent Timber Harvest Activity In A Temperate Forest Using Single Date Airborne Lidar Surveys And Machine Learning: Lessons For Conservation Planning, G. Bursh Fisher, Andrew J. Elmore, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Darin J. Mcneil, Jeff W. Atkins, Jeffery L. Larkin

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Effective planning for natural resource management and wildlife conservation requires detailed information on vegetation structure at landscape scales and how structure is influenced by land- use practices. In many forested landscapes, the largest impacts of land use on forest structure are driven by forest management activities, which can include invasive species control, prescribed fire, partial harvests (e.g. shelterwood harvests) or overstory removals and clearcuts. Active timber management is often used to achieve forest conservation objectives, but to be used effectively, managers require knowledge of harvest frequency and extent in adjacent forests and at landscape scales. In this paper, we develop …

A Probabilistic Approach To Estimate The Temporal Order Of Pathway Mutations Accounting For Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity, Menghan Wang, Yanqi Xie, Jinpeng Liu, Austin Li, Li Chen, Arnold Stromberg, Susanne Arnold, Chunming Liu, Chi Wang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The development of cancer involves the accumulation of somatic mutations in several essential biological pathways. Delineating the temporal order of pathway mutations during tumori- genesis is crucial for comprehending the biological mechanisms underlying cancer development and identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Several computational and statistical methods have been introduced for estimating the order of somatic mutations based on mutation profile data from a cohort of patients. However, one major issue of current methods is that they do not take into account intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which limits their ability to accurately discern the order of pathway mutations. To address this …

Serotonin Receptor-Mediated Vasorelaxation Occurs Primarily Through 5-Ht4 Activation In Bovine Lateral Saphenous Vein, Ronald J. Trotta, David L. Harmon, James L. Klotz

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

To better understand mechanisms of serotonin- (5-HT) mediated vasorelaxation, isolated lateral saphenous veins from cattle were assessed for vasoactivity using myography in response to increasing concentrations of 5-HT or selective 5-HT receptor agonists. Vessels were pre-contracted with 1 × 10⁻⁴ M phenylephrine and exposed to increasing concentrations of 5-HT or 5-HT receptor agonists that were selective for 5-HT_1B, 5-HT_2B, 5-HT₄, and 5-HT₇. Vasoactive response data were normalized as a percentage of the maximum contractile response induced by the phenylephrine pre-contraction. At 1 × 10⁻⁷ M 5-HT, a relaxation was observed …

The Use Of Grasslands To Improve Water Quality In The New York City Watershed, D J. Flaherty, J Drelich Jr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how grasslands are used in the New York City (NYC) Watershed to improve water quality. A Watershed Agricultural Program was established to voluntarily implement Pollution Prevention Best Management Practices on watershed farms. Grasslands have been used in Whole Farm Plans to reduce nutrients, sediments and other toxic materials reaching New York City’s water supply. Rotational grazing has been used to limit access to streams and stream banks and improve nutrient distribution on pastures. Improved grassland management also helps correct the nutrient balance on the farm and facilitates better nutrient management. Brush removal …

Policy Options For Decreasing N And P2o5 Losses From Grassland Based Dairy Farms, P.B M. Berentsen, G.W J. Giesen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Policy instruments for reducing nutrient losses include extension and education, research, financial incentives such as subsidies and levies, and regulations. The potential of these instruments for reducing nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5), and ammonia (NH3) losses is examined for Dutch specialized dairy farms on sandy soils. A linear programming model is used to estimate policy impacts. Results indicate that efficiency improvements through extension, education, and research alone have the potential to decrease total N losses to government target levels in 2005 and to erase 92% of the gap between base and target P2O5 losses, but only 24% of the corresponding NH3 …

Proximate Composition Of Mature Seeds From Soybean Plants Grown In Different Environments, T M. Kuo, E Eskins, R L. Cooper

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of this study were to examine the influence of differences in sunlight irradiation on the accumulation of soluble oligosaccharides in mature soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds and to determine the correlations between important seed constituents. Plants were grown in field houses covered with plastic filters that varied sunlight irradiation. The most obvious effect of both blueand red-deficient sunlight was a reduction in the level of stachyose and sucrose that coincided with an increase in raffinose level and decreased oil content. Blue growth house which was deficient in red light spectrum also produced seeds with an increased protein content. …

Arthropods, Silvertop, And Grass Seed Yields, J J. Soroka, B D. Gossen, B E. Coulman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High numbers of various arthropods early in the season, especially thrips, mites, and grass plant bugs, were associated with silvertop injury in six grass seed fields in Saskatchewan in 995. Insect numbers in sweep samples were frequently suppressed for one or two weeks in plots sprayed with an insecticide. Four fields had low levels of arthropods early in the season andoelow incidence of silvertop later on. In a field of Russian wildrye grass with high arthropod populations, seed yield was highest in plots that had been sprayed with insecticide prior to the boot stage of grass growth. In one field …

Seed Quality Of Five Native Grasses Of The Humid Argentine Pampa Prairie: Germination Conditions, L Ferrari, C A. Rossi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this study was to determine the germination conditions as well as an approach to seed quality of five native grasses of the humid Argentine Pampa prairie: Bothriochloa laguroides, Sporobolus indicus, Glyceria multiflora, Briza subaristata and Chaetotropis imberbis. They are considered as good and very good forage species. Mature inflorescences were sampled in Brandsen (Flooding Pampa sub-Region, Buenos Aires province, Argentina) from December, 1994 to March, 1995. A three factor completely randomized design with 4 replications was applied. Treatments combined prechilling (I: yes/II:no), KNO3 (A:yes/ B:no) and germination temperatures: 2 constant 15° and 20°C and 6 alternating 15-10°C, …

Alfalfa Seeding Patterns And Their Relations With Vegetative And Reproductive Development, R B. Medeiros, A.V A. Jacques, C Nabinger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was conducted to understand how plant density (17, 61 and 89 plants m-2) and row spacing (30 and 90 cm) affect plant development and the consequences on potential seed yield (PSY) and agricultural realized seed potential (ARSP) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in south Brazil. Both variables were not affected by row spacing but were negatively correlated to plant population. This was a consequence of a higher allocation of assimilates to reproductive structures at low plant competition, denoted by a positive correlation between these two variables and reproductive parts growth rate. Despite the benefits of the low plant …

Effects Of Cutting Height On Yield And Quality Of Five Napier Cultivars, S T. Jorgensen, S Tudsri, A Pookpakdi, O Stolen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Results of this experiment revealed that dry matter yield of five Napier grass species increased with higher stubble and that a delay in closing date had produced a negative effect on regrowth for the following season, especially, when low cutting height had been imposed. The nitrogen and phosphorus percentage in leaf and stem materials were not affected by cutting height. Potassium percentage and NDF% were lower for herbage with 0 cm cutting height compared to 30 cm cutting. Among the different cutting intensities, 20 cm and 30 cm cutting height can be recommended through the growing season.

Perception Of Rangeland By Herders In Northern Cameroon, E Tedonkeng Pamo, P Scholte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Range scientists have always had the mistaken idea that herders cannot appraise, characterize or assess the state of their rangeland or range resource. From observations made in northern Cameroon, it appears that herders know the pastoral environment in which they operate probably better than many range scientists. They do not seem to have a good idea on range trends. However, from their pattern of range utilization over time it is possible to have an assessment of the state and trend of rangeland. A wide range of information on the pastoral knowledge of rangeland is needed to develop a sustained range …

Application Of Remote Sensing (Landsat Tm Data) For Vegetation Parameters Measurement In Western Divisions Of Nsw, H Arzani, G W. King

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The capability of Landsat (TM) data for vegetation parameters estimation was examined. Suitable vegetation indices were selected for arid and semi-arid areas. The possibility of accurate estimation of cover and yield of group of species was found.

Grassland Mapping Units In The Flooding Pampa (Argentine), S P. Debelis, A A. Bozzo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A thematic map of grassland has been drawn up using studies carried out at farm level as a starting point, correlating soils and specie group through significant parameters that condition their presence. The work method included the analysis of a geomorphologically homogeneous area through cartography and aerial photography. An elemental unit of the landscape was studied in detail with a pattern repeated all over the subregion, with soil samples at specie group level. Hidromorphism and variable alkalinity and saline patches are present in all profiles, gramineous, juncaceous, cyperaceous and forbs linked to the problems of soil already mentioned. A system …

Restoration Of Degraded Coastal Grasslands In The Falkland Island, J A. Kerr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Falkland Islands the coastal grasslands are the most valuable for wool production and important habitats for wildlife. Tussac grass (Parodiochloa flabellata Lam.) and sandy areas which support an Ammophilia - Elymus association have been degraded by overgrazing, burning and invasion by alien flora and fauna. Traditional approaches to restoration, mainly by replanting, have had limited success. Research on

Grassland N Fertilization In Humid Tropics: Production, Organic Matter Decomposition And Uptake, G Mandret, V Blanfort

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under tropical humid conditions at low altitudes in La Reunion island an experiment was conducted in 1995 to examine the effects of mineral and organic N fertilisation on regrowth of Chloris gayana . Mineral fertilisation stimulates the production of leaves for the first 20 days of regrowth. Dry matter production was increased of 181 % with the combination of manure plus ammonium nitrate and only 147 % with ammonium nitrate alone. The soil microbial biomass activity, measured after 50 days of regrowth, was increased of 31 % by application of manure, 41 % by ammonium nitrate and 50 % by …

A Study Of Agronomic Factors Affecting The Yield And Quality Of Forage Maize In Ireland, G P. Keane

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of these studies were to examine the effects of sowing date and plastic film on the yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L) in a marginal maize growing area. The response, in DM yield terms, to sowing in early April rather than early May differed in 1995 and 1996, but early sowing in all cases improved quality parameters. The use of plastic film, whether perforated or complete cover treatments, gave substantial yield increases in some instances, and always improved quality parameters. Perforated plastic gave highest DM yield increases with late April or early May sowings, …

Potential Of A Novel White Clover/ Cereal Bi-Cropping System For Whole Crop Forage Production, N Koefoed, R O. Clements, J Burke, G Donaldson, G Purvis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A novel low input system for growing cereals, so far mainly winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), in close association with white clover (Trifolium repens L), is being developed currently, co-operatively by five research stations in northern Europe. An established sward of pure white clover is defoliated in the autumn and winter wheat drilled into it using a rotary type direct drill. After silage or grain harvest of the cereal/clover mixture the clover regrowth may add to the productivity of the system until defoliation and drilling-in of the next cereal crop takes place. With the system described dry matter …

Structure, Productivity And Animal Utilization In A Communal Pasture In The Basque Country (Northern Spain), I Albizu, G Besga, M Rodriquez, M Onaindia, M Domingo, I Amezaga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The goal of this study was to determine the structure, productivity and utilization of mountain communal pastures of the Gorbea area in 1994. The area was classified in four zones according to topographic position and improvement activities: north slope brush removed, summit, south slope 50% brush, and south slope brush removed. Ecological profiles were used to relate the most abundant species to soil P and K contents at the different zones. Exclosure cages were used to estimate potential productivity, botanical composition and pasture utilization. Soil P and K contents are the parameters that relate best to floristic composition, being Agrostis …