Digital Commons Network^™

Exploring The Impact Of Mitoquinone Supplementation On Glycan Profiles In A Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model, Mona Goli, Akeem Sanni, Sakshi Gautam, Khalil Mallah, W. Brad Hubbard, Mohammad Reslan, Muhammad Ali Haidar, Karim Halabi, Joseph Walker, Stefania Mondello, Firas Kobeissy, Yehia Mechref

Physiology Faculty Publications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities. Repeated exposure to mechanical impact can lead to metabolic and ionic imbalance, which can cause oxidative stress and worsen the cellular dysfunction initiated by the initial mild TBI (mTBI). Currently, no FDA-approved drug targets repeated mTBI (rmTBI) and its potential sequelae. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondrion-targeted drug that has proven beneficial in different brain-related diseases. We have previously demonstrated the neurotherapeutic effects of MitoQ at a 30-day chronic time point in a similar rmTBI mouse model, where we observed decreased neuroinflammation, enhanced behavioral outcomes, and diminished oxidation. …

Development And Evaluation Of A Simple Human Body Link Model Considering The Degrees-Of-Freedom Of Shoulders, Mizuki Takeda, Yuki Saito, Kaiji Sato

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

Modeling of the human body is widely utilized in the field of human–robot interaction, warranting the development of a simple model to measure and recognize the human body movements. To this end, a two-dimensional (2D) human body link model in the sagittal plane has been used to represent the human body with rotating joints and links connecting these joints. The joint positions can be determined by using the coordinates of a limited number of points on the links and estimated using a few sensor outputs when the links are of constant length. However, models with constant link lengths may result …

Estimation Of The Extent Of Bacterial Contamination In Bag Residues And Its Influence On In Sacco Measurements Of Forage Nitrogen Degradation In Rumen, Brigitte Michalet-Doreau, M Y. Ould-Bah

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nylon bag technique has been used for many years to explain variations in intake and/or digestibility between forages (Van Keuren and Heinemann, 1962; Demarquilly and Chenost, 1969). More recently, this technique has appeared a relatively simple method to estimate the extent and rate of feeds (particularly protein) degradation in the rumen (Mehrez and Orskov, 1977; Madsen and Hvelplund, 1985). In all these studies, it is implicitely accepted that the nitrogen remaining in bags after a stay of variable duration in the rumen corresponds to non degraded feed nitrogen. However, in recent years, sev­eral authors (Mathers and Aitchison, 1981 with …

Influence Of Temperatures On The Earliness Of Heading And Nutritive Value Of Two Grasses During The First Growth Cycle, J Andrieu, M Berekoutou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The two objectives of this study were: I) to see if the method of the sums of temperatures allowed for a correct prediction, not only of the earliness of heading but also of the quality of spring growth whatever the surrounding conditions ; 2) to check that the criteria, suggested jn the feed Tables published by INRA in France (INRA 1981; INRA 1988) to predict the quality of spring growth, could be used for the whole of France. This study is drawn from the thesis ofM. Berekoutou (1986).

Evaluating Forage Quality As Animal Production Per Unit Of Forage And Land Area, D A. Rohweder, L Miller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The need to more adequately express feed value in forages and, that will communicate this value among agricultural scien­tists, agri-business clientele and producers has long been recognized world wide. Modern dairy, beef and sheep producers are becoming increasingly concerned about forage quality ; its translation into animal products per unit land area ; and its effect along with forage yield on enterprise profits. The Hay Marketing Task Force-Forage Analysis Subcom­mittee organized by the American Forage and Grassland Council in 1975 proposed hay standards based on in vivo digestible dry matter or energy availability (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) predicated …

Determinants Of Willingness To Share Wearable Health Data With Health Care Providers In Appalachian Populations: An Exploratory Study, Gilbert Munoz Cornejo, Joonghee Lee

Journal of Appalachian Health

Background: Wearable health devices capture metrics (e.g., physical activity, ECG, sleep) that can enhance care when shared with providers. Yet, willingness to share wearable data may differ in Appalachia, where chronic disease burdens, mistrust, and limited infrastructure pose unique challenges.

Objective: This study explored (1) which sociodemographic, health, and digital behaviors correlate with willingness to share wearable data and (2) how these insights can guide region-specific interventions in Appalachia.

Methods: We analyzed 320 Appalachian respondents from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models examined willingness to share wearable data. Because of small cell …

Finding Freedom In Appalachia: Evaluating A Mental Health Intervention In West Virginia, Elizabeth A. Claydon, Karen Haring, Jessica Haring, Kelsey Riggi, Beth Currence

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Rural areas have limited capacity to provide comprehensive mental health treatment and resources. This creates the need for interventions to ensure individuals with mental health concerns have access to resources to improve their mental health.

Purpose: The purpose of this mixed-methods evaluation was to assess the effectiveness and impact of Libera, a mental health program tailored for girls and women within the Appalachian region.

Methods: Quantitative surveys, including validated measures for depression, anxiety, and eating disorder symptoms, and life satisfaction, were collected pre- and post-Libera intervention for participants. Simultaneously, annual surveys were sent to Listeners in addition to qualitative …

Earthscape Ai Dataset V1.1, Matthew Massey, Abdullah-Al-Zubaer Imran

Research Data--KGS

EarthScape v1.1 Dataset Download Links:

esv1p1_smokeset.zip (197 MB)

esv1p1_splits.zip (2.5 MB)

esv1p1_usa_ky_data.zip (1 MB)

esv1p1_usa_ky_hardin_howevalley.zip (26.3 GB)

esv1p1_usa_ky_hardin_sonora.zip (26.3 GB)

esv1p1_usa_ky_warren.zip (166 GB)

Surficial geologic mapping is essential for understanding Earth surface processes and supporting applications in engineering, hazard assessment, and resource management. However, traditional mapping approaches are labor-intensive, limiting spatial coverage and introducing subjectivity. To address these challenges, we introduce EarthScape, a multimodal, AI-ready geospatial dataset designed for surficial geologic mapping and Earth surface analysis. EarthScape integrates high-resolution aerial RGB and near-infrared (NIR) imagery, digital elevation models (DEM), multi-scale terrain features derived from DEMs, and hydrologic and infrastructure vector …

Rural Access To Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (Ccbhcs), Aaron P. Smith, Jeffrey Talbert

Rural & Underserved Health Research Center Publications

Overview of Key Findings

▪ The number of Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) expanded from 2022 to 2023, increasing from 371 to 480. Most of the growth was driven by rural counties (57.9% increase, 126 to 199) while urban counties increased by 14.7% (245 to 281).

▪ The number of services offered at CCBHCs is similar in both rural and urban localities, but urban CCBHCs were more likely to offer services that cater to a diverse client base, such as speaking different languages, and nicotine cessation programs. Rural CCBHCs were more likely to have programs for minors, veterans, and …

Maternal Occupational Exposure To Noise, Kristen W. Van Buren, Carissa M. Rocheleau, I. Chen Chen, Wayne T. Sanderson, Leslie A. Macdonald, Elizabeth A. Masterson, Eirini Nestoridi, Elizabeth C. Ailes

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objectives We investigated associations between occupational noise and gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-related hypertension (including pre-eclampsia/eclampsia), preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Methods Data were analysed for 7889 singleton, live-born infants without major birth defects or chromosomal disorders and their mothers from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study from 1997 to 2011. Typical maternal occupational noise exposure in all jobs held from 1 month prior to conception through the end of pregnancy was estimated by expert rater and categorised as quiet (<60 A-weighted decibels (dBA)), low (60-75 dBA), moderate (76-84 dBA) or loud (>85 dBA). Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate associations (adjusted ORs and 95% CIs) between …

Pharmacokinetic Modeling And Model-Based Hypothesis Generation For Dose Optimization Of Clonidine In Neonates With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Fei Tang, Chee M. Ng, Jamie Horn, Henrietta S. Bada, Markos Leggas

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The No-POPPY study (NCT03396588), a double-blind, randomized trial compared morphine with clonidine therapy for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and found that the duration of treatment was similar across groups. This is significant because perinatal use of morphine has the potential for neurodevelopmental consequences. Still, the clonidine group reached symptom stabilization (Finnegan score (FS) < 8) later than the morphine group and had a more significant number of patients who required adjunct therapy. However, the mean FS was consistently lower in the clonidine group after day 6. This prompted us to use pharmacokinetic (PK) and parametric time-to-event (TTE) modeling to simulate dosage schedules that may decrease the time to stabilization and reduce the need for adjunct therapy. Population PK (popPK) analysis was conducted, and the final model was a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination, incorporating allometric scaling and age effect on apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume (V/F). The population estimates for CL/F and V/F were 13.6 L/h/70 kg and 416 L/70 kg, respectively, similar to the reported values. A Weibull model described the TTE data best, followed by incorporating predicted average concentrations to yield the final Weibull accelerated failure time model. Simulations of dosing strategies showed that increasing both the starting and maximum doses could potentially shorten the time to stabilization, and thus, length of treatment and hospital stay. Given the hypothesis-generating nature of this analysis, the recommended dosing regimens should be tested prospectively to evaluate their benefits.

Beyond The Legislature’S Website: Strategies And Tools For State Legislative Research That Informs Advocacy Work, Jennifer Horne

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

As the nation’s state legislatures increasingly decide the issues that affect citizens most directly, the ability to identify, track, and understand state legislation is key to successful advocacy efforts. While all state legislative websites provide the status and authoritative text of the bill, this may be insufficient to understand what the bill seeks to do and why the change is being proposed. To find plain English summaries and necessary context and background information on proposed bills, advocates may also need to find appropriate news sources and identify key stakeholders—those who care the most about the bill or are the most …

Hybrid Fea And Meta-Modeling For De Optimization Of A Highly Saturated Spoke Ipm, Oluwaseun A. Badewa, Marcelo Silva, Rosemary E. Alden, Pedram Asef, Dan M. Ionel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Research

This paper introduces a novel approach for high performance electric motor design that combines machine learning (ML)-based meta-modeling with a differential evolution (DE) optimization algorithm. The method leverages finite element analysis (FEA) results to train the ML meta-model, enabling efficient design optimization for high-power density cored machines, such as spoke interior permanent magnet motors (IPM), which exhibit complex nonlinearities and saturation effects. This hybrid ML-DE framework seeks to provide an alternative for physics-based electric motor design and optimization, offering significant reductions in computational effort while maintaining accuracy. The meta-model’s accuracy in capturing the nonlinear relationships between design parameters, core losses, …

Sex- And Tissue-Specific Effects Of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor On Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Following Ischemic Stroke, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Sarah J. Shelley, Sarah J. Messmer, Prashant D. Kunjadia, Christopher J. Mclouth, Patrick G. Sullivan, Justin F. Fraser, Keith R. Pennypacker, Chirayu D. Pandya

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and/or inflammation is considered to play an important role in ischemic stroke injury. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been shown to protect both oligodendrocytes and neurons from ischemia by upregulating endogenous anti-oxidants, though the effect of ischemia and the protective role of LIF treatment in mitochondrial function have not been studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether LIF protects ischemia-induced altered mitochondrial bioenergetics in reproductively senescent aged rats of both sexes (≥18 months old), approximately equivalent to the average age of human stroke patients. Animals were euthanized …

Probing The Critical Element Chemistry Of Coal-Combustion Fly Ash, Debora Berti, John G. Groppo, Prakash Joshi, Dorin V. Preda, David P. Gamliel, Todd Beers, Michael Schrock, Shelley D. Hopps, Tonya D. Morgan, Bernd Zechmann, James C. Hower

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Along with the principal rare earth (REE) minerals such as monazite, xenotime, and bastnasite, Y-and REE-bearing zircon and associated minerals survive the combustion process and are found in coal-combustion fly ash. Beneficiated fly ash from a power plant burning an eastern-Kentucky-sourced coal blend was found to have zircon (ZrSiO₄), baddeleyite (ZrO₂), fergusonite (YNbO₄), yttriaite (Y₂O₃), and xenotime (YPO₄). Previous studies of the same fly had also identified monazite with a broad REE suite. Scanning electron microscopy–electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)–EDS as well as other …

Correction To: Putting Biomonitors To Work: Native Moss As A Screening Tool For Solid Waste Incineration, Sarah E. Jovan, Eleonore Jacobson, Jason M. Unrine, Nasser Jalili‑Jahani, Bruce Mccune

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Correction to: Environ Monit Assess (2024) 196:1177 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-13354-y

Temporal Immune Profiling In The Cerebrospinal Fluid And Blood Of Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Thomas A. Ujas, Katie L. Anderson, Jenny Lutshumba, Samantha N. Hart, Jadwiga Turchan-Cholewo, Kevin W. Hatton, Adam D. Bachstetter, Barbara S. Nikolajczyk, Ann M. Stowe

Surgery Faculty Publications

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a significant complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This study profiled immune responses after aSAH and evaluated their association with DCI onset. Twelve aSAH patients were enrolled. Leukocyte populations and cytokine levels were analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) on days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 post-aSAH. PB mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected, and their cytokine production quantified following stimulation. Mixed-effects models reveal distinct immune cell dynamics in CSF compared with blood. Monocyte/macrophage numbers continue to increase in both CSF and PBMCs for days post-aSAH. CD4⁺ human leukocyte antigen II+ …

Shared Roles Of Immune And Stromal Cells In The Pathogenesis Of Human Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome, Patrick W. Mellors, Ana N. Lange, Bruno Casino Remondo, Maksim Shestov, Joseph D. Planer, Andrew R. Peterson, Yun Ying, Su Zhou, Jason D. Christie, Joshua M. Diamond, Edward Cantu, Maria C. Basil, Saar Gill

Surgery Faculty Publications

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a progressive, fatal obstructive lung disease that occurs following lung transplant, where it is termed chronic lung allograft dysfunction BOS (CLAD-BOS), or as the primary manifestation of pulmonary chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD-BOS) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Disease pathogenesis is poorly understood; however, chronic alloreactivity is common to both conditions, suggesting a shared pathophysiology. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) on explanted human lungs from 4 patients with CLAD-BOS, 3 patients with cGVHD-BOS, and 3 deceased controls to identify cell types, genes, and pathways enriched in BOS to better understand disease mechanisms. In …

Determination Of The Most Suitable Sowing Date For Berseem Clover In Karaj, M H. Attaran

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trifolium alexandrinum is believed to be originated in Palestine. It thrives when the temperature is between 0° and 35°C and is used in frost free regions. Berseem clover makes its best growth on well-drained soils, but is susceptible to salinity. Berseem clover is an annual legume. It has an erect stem and reaches a height of about 75 cm. The tap-root may penetrate the soil to a depth of 40 to 60 cm. The leaves are tlifoliate. The flowers are composed panicle, the seeds vary in color from yellow to green, gradually turning red to brown. Pollination takes place by …

L’Amatante (Amaranthus Retroflexus L.) Comme Plante Fourragere, L Bosch, F Casanas, A.M.C Verdu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'amarante est une des mauvaises herbes !es plus communes dans nos champs. Elle parvient a etouffer la culture principale si on ne la contr6le pas correctement. Elle a une germination maximale en fin de printemps et en debut d'ete, bien que la ger­mination continue pendant tout l'ete, favorisee par Jes hautes temperatures et la lumiere intense (Baskin et Baskin, 1977). Sa croissance rapide s'explique par le fait qu'il s'agit d'une plante en C-4 specialement efficace pour la captation de CO2 puis­qu'elle a des cloisons cellulaires tres minces (Longstreht et al., 1980). Elle presente aussi une remarquable capacite de repousse apres …

Science And Information For Our Grasslands, G A. Nores, R R. Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper favours a view of grasslands, and agricultural research in general, that extends well beyond the limits of the scien1ific cummunity and promotes the active involvement of scientists in current societal debates from a ��cientific perspective. It is argued that in developed counuies environmental concerns rather than production growth will tend to dominnte future social debate, In developing countries there is a need to balnnce agricultural growth with responsible management of natural resources. Needs for new technology go beyond improving biophysical efficiency, and involve economic and social efficiency objectives. The relevance of grassland research is ��ssessed in terms of …

Consumer Perceptions Of Hemp-Fed Aquaculture, Jillian Hyink, Brandon R. Mcfadden, Saroj Adhikari, Brandy E. Phipps, Tyler Mark, Waldemar Rossi, Craig Schluttenhofer, Seong D. Yun

Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Global demand for seafood has increased significantly in recent decades and is projected to continue rising. Aquaculture production has increased in the United States and globally to meet this demand, offering a relatively sustainable supplement to wild fish supplies. However, increased production further strains natural populations of pelagic species used to make fishmeal and fish oil into feedstocks, raising production costs and introducing safety concerns associated with fish consumption. A potential alternative feed ingredient is hemp, which can provide a cost-effective and nutritious feed for carnivorous fish. Moreover, hemp could meet the requirements for the final product to carry a …

Clustering Individuals Using Inmtd, Zuqi Li, Sam F.L. Windels, Noël Malod-Dognin, Seth M. Weinberg, Mary L. Marazita, Susan Walsh, Mark D. Shriver, David W. Fardo, Peter Claes, Nataša Przulj, Kristel Van Steen

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Motivation: Combining omics and images can lead to a more comprehensive clustering of individuals than classic single-view approaches. Among the various approaches for multi-view clustering, nonnegative matrix tri-factorization (NMTF) and nonnegative Tucker decomposition (NTD) are advantageous in learning low-rank embeddings with promising interpretability. Besides, there is a need to handle unwanted drivers of clusterings (i.e. confounders). Results: In this work, we introduce a novel multi-view clustering method based on NMTF and NTD, named INMTD, which integrates omics and 3D imaging data to derive unconfounded subgroups of individuals. According to the adjusted Rand index, INMTD outperformed other clustering methods on a …

Novel Approaches To Analyze Consumer Behavior And Policies To Promote Sustainable Consumption, Bhagyashree Katare, Xuejian Wang, Shuoli Zhao, Jacqueline Yenerall

Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Technological advancements, such as online grocery shopping, have significantly transformed consumer retail environments and experiences. Effectively studying consumer behavior in these new environments requires the use of novel methodological approaches, which will also aid in developing interventions to encourage sustainable consumption. This paper begins by providing an overview of the current literature on novel approaches to analyzing consumer behavior, then provides an empirical application by examining consumer decision-making pathways within an online grocery shopping platform. Specifically, the paper focuses on exploring the consumers’ digital footprints, such as page visits, product additions and removals, and interactions with information labels to identify …

The Acth Test Fails To Diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency And Augments Cytokine Production In Sepsis, Dan Hao, Qian Wang, Misa Ito, Jianyao Xue, Ling Guo, Bin Huang, Chieko Mineo, Philip W. Shaul, Xiang An Li

Physiology Faculty Publications

The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test diagnoses relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) or critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI). Initially, guidelines recommended corticosteroid/glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for septic patients with RAI, but later trials did not show a survival benefit, leading to updated guidelines that abandon targeting RAI or CIRCI. Recent studies with an RAI mouse model showed a clear survival benefit from GC therapy in mice with RAI, suggesting that inconclusive GC clinical trials might be due to issues with the ACTH test rather than targeting RAI. To investigate, we performed the ACTH test in septic mice. Interestingly, the ACTH test identified most …

Characterization Of Tnsalp Expression And Activity In Porcine Utero-Placental Tissues, Claire Stenhouse, Nirvay Sah, Katherine M. Halloran, Robyn M. Moses, Makenzie G. Newton, Joe W. Cain, Heewon Seo, Guoyao Wu, Gregory A. Johnson, Fuller W. Bazer

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Abstract: Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) regulates postnatal phosphate homeostasis, but its role in utero-placental phosphate availability remains poorly understood. Gilts were bred and hysterectomized on Day 60 or Day 90 of gestation (n = 6/day). Phosphate was less abundant in allantoic and amniotic fluids on Day 90 compared to Day 60. TNSALP protein was immunolocalized, and enzymatic activity was quantified and localized in endometrial and chorioallantois tissues. Day had no effect on TNSALP activity in the chorioallantois. In contrast, endometrial TNSALP activity was lower on Day 90 compared to Day 60. Phosphate abundance in allantoic fluid correlated positively with …

Evaluation Of The Gelation Characteristics And Printability Of Edible Filamentous Fungi Flours And Protein Extracts, Lauren Doyle, Suvro Talukdar, Youling Xiong, Akinbode Adedeji, Tyler Barzee

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

AbstractThere is a pressing need to produce novel food ingredients from sustainable sources to support a growing population. Filamentous fungi can be readily cultivated from low-cost agricultural byproducts to produce functional proteins for food biomanufacturing of structured products. However, there is a lack of scientific knowledge on the gelling characteristics of fungal proteins or their potential in additive biomanufacturing. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of utilizing fungal protein extracts and flours from Aspergillus awamori, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula-judae as sole gelling agents in 3D-printed products. Protein extracts were successfully prepared using the alkaline extraction–isoelectric precipitation method and successful physical …

Effects Of Phosphogypsum, Phsophorus And Lime On Andropogon Gayanus Kunth, V T. Paulino, E Malavolta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are several factors which determine the low animal productivity in the tropics. Among these factors, inadequate nutrition is the most limiting one followed by the low natural fertility and high acidity of the soils in these regions. Previous findings have shown important soil nutrient deficiencies in some Brazilian cerrado soils. Malavolta (1952) demonstrated sulfur (S) deficiencies, while Werner et al. (1967) found plant response to S. Responses to phosphorus addition are very common in this kind of soil and in tropical America there are rates of phosphorus being applied, which sometimes are uneconomical for the formation and maintenance of …

Among-Population Variation In Telomere Regulatory Proteins And Their Potential Role As Hidden Drivers Of Intraspecific Variation In Life History, Sarah E. Wolf, Mary J. Woodruff, David A. Chang Van Oordt, Ethan D. Clotfelter, Daniel A. Cristol, Elizabeth P. Derryberry, Stephen M. Ferguson, Mark T. Stanback, Conor C. Taff, Maren N. Vitousek, David F. Westneat, Kimberly A. Rosvall

Biology Faculty Publications

Biologists aim to explain patterns of growth, reproduction and ageing that characterize life histories, yet we are just beginning to understand the proximate mechanisms that generate this diversity. Existing research in this area has focused on telomeres but has generally overlooked the telomere's most direct mediator, the shelterin protein complex. Shelterin proteins physically interact with the telomere to shape its shortening and repair. They also regulate metabolism and immune function, suggesting a potential role in life history variation in the wild. However, research on shelterin proteins is uncommon outside of biomolecular work. Intraspecific analyses can play an important role in …

Scaling Covid-19 Rates With Population Size In The United States, Austin R. Cruz, Brian J. Enquist, Joseph R. Burger

Biology Faculty Publications

Using county-level data from the United States, we assessed allometric scaling relationships of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, deaths and age structure within and across the first four major waves of the pandemic (wild-type, alpha, delta, omicron). Results generally indicate that the burden of cases disproportionately impacted larger-sized counties, while the burden of deaths disproportionately impacted smaller counties. This may be partially due to multiple interacting social mechanisms, including a higher proportion of older adults who live in smaller counties. Moreover, these likely social mechanisms interacting with vaccinations and virus waves created a dynamic pattern whereby the rate and magnitude of …