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Optimization Of Solid-State Fermentation Parameters For The Production Of Xylanase By Trichoderma Longibrachiatum On Wheat Bran, Elizabeth R. Ridder, Sue E. Nokes, Barbara L. Knutson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Solid-state fermentation has the potential to produce inexpensive enzymes for use in high-volume industrial applications. Process parameters such as substrate moisture content and length of fermentation can have a significant effect on the amount and timing of enzyme production. This study was conducted in two stages, a screening stage and an optimization stage, to determine the effects of moisture content of the substrate, surfactant addition upon inoculation, depth of the substrate, and duration of fermentation on xylanase activity produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Screening fermentations were conducted at 25°C, 50 and 75% wet basis moisture content (w.b.), 0.0 and 0.2% …

Vegetated Filter Strip Removal Of Cattle Manure Constituents In Runoff, Teng T. Lim, Dwayne R. Edwards, Stephen R. Workman, Brian T. Larson, Lloyd Dunn

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Pasture runoff can contribute to elevated concentrations of nutrients, solids, and bacteria in downstream waters. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of vegetative filter strip (VFS) length on concentrations and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, solids and fecal coliform in runoff from plots treated with cattle manure. Three plots with dimensions of 2.4 × 30.5 m were used. The upper 12.2 m of each plot was treated with cattle manure, while the lower 18.3 m acted as a VFS. Runoff produced by rainfall simulators was sampled at VFS lengths of 0, 6.1, 12.2, and 18.3 m and …

Identification Of Putative Cytoskeletal Protein Homologues In The Protozoan Host Hartmannella Vermiformis As Substrates For Induced Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Upon Attachment To The Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium, Legionella Pneumophila, Chandrasekar Venkataraman, Lian-Yang Gao, Subbarao Bondada, Yousef Abu Kwaik

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades and replicates within two evolutionarily distant hosts, free living protozoa and mammalian cells. Invasion and intracellular replication within protozoa are thought to be major factors in the transmission of Legionnaires' disease. We have recently reported the identification of a galactose/N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) lectin in the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis as a receptor for attachment and invasion by L. pneumophila (Venkataraman, C., B.J. Haack, S. Bondada, and Y.A. Kwaik. 1997. J. Exp. Med. 186:537–547). In this report, we extended our studies to the …

Forage News [1998-08], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at the State Fair
• Late Summer Seeding Tips
• Applying Manure to Forage Crops
• Plan Now for Stockpiled Grass for Fall
• Upcoming Events

2,4-Disulfo Phenyl Butyl Nitrone, Its Salt And Their Use As Pharmaceuticals, John M. Carney

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Patents

2,4-disulfonyl α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are disclosed. These materials are useful as pharmaceutical agents for oral or parenteral, e.g. intravenous administration to patients suffering from acute central nervous system oxidation as occurs in a stroke or from gradual central nervous system oxidation which can exhibit itself as progressive central nervous system function loss. The materials are also used to ameliorate the side effects of oxidative-damage causing antineoplastic disease treatments.

Comparison Of Observed And Simulated Grow-Finish Swine Performance Under Summer Conditions, Larry W. Turner, Thomas C. Bridges, Richard D. Coffey, Richard S. Gates, Gary R. Parker, Tami M. Brown-Brandl, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

As a part of a National Pork Producers Council educational program, our research and extension team at the University of Kentucky was linked with an independent commercial swine producer to test the NCPIG model against observed commercial on-farm data. This experience provided improved information for model development as well as increased producer insight into the data input needs and potential benefits of modeling. Detailed production information comparisons between the NCPIG model and producer data are presented for summer time conditions to assess the validity of the NCPIG model for simulation of grow-finish swine performance. Results demonstrated that the NCPIG model …

Quality Of Runoff From Plots Treated With Municipal Sludge And Horse Bedding, Elizabeth L. Busheé, Dwayne R. Edwards, Philip A. Moore Jr.

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Land application of horse stall bedding and municipal sludge can increase runoff concentrations of nutrients, organic matter, and bacteria as well as steroidal hormones such as estrogen. Concentrations of materials in runoff from sites treated with animal manure can be reduced by aluminum sulfate, or alum [Al₂(SO₄)₃•14H₂O] treatment. The objectives of this study were to assess plots treated with horse stall bedding or municipal sludge for: (a) runoff quality [concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO₄-P), fecal coliform (FC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) …

Implantable Controlled Release Device To Deliver Drugs Directly To An Internal Portion Of The Body, Paul Ashton, Paul A. Pearson

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Patents

A simple and implantable sustained release drug delivery device with an inner core containing an effective amount of a low solubility agent covered by a non-bioerodible polymer coating layer that is permeable to the low solubility agent is disclosed. A method for treating a mammal to obtain a desired local or systemic physiological or pharmacological effect by surgically implanting such a sustained release drug delivery device into a mammal in need of treatment is also disclosed.

The Snare Machinery Is Involved In Apical Plasma Membrane Trafficking In Mdck Cells, Seng Hui Low, Steven J. Chapin, Christian Wimmer, Sidney W. Whiteheart, László G. Kömüves, Keith E. Mostov, Thomas Weimbs

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We have investigated the controversial involvement of components of the SNARE (soluble N-ethyl maleimide–sensitive factor [NSF] attachment protein [SNAP] receptor) machinery in membrane traffic to the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial (MDCK) cells. Overexpression of syntaxin 3, but not of syntaxins 2 or 4, caused an inhibition of TGN to apical transport and apical recycling, and leads to an accumulation of small vesicles underneath the apical plasma membrane. All other tested transport steps were unaffected by syntaxin 3 overexpression. Botulinum neurotoxin E, which cleaves SNAP-23, and antibodies against α-SNAP inhibit both TGN to apical and basolateral transport in …

Evaluation Of Kentucky's Driver License Point System, Kenneth R. Agent, Nick Stamatiadis, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of this study were to: a) summarize the characteristics of drivers in Kentucky involved in traffic crashes and b) evaluate and recommend improvements to Kentucky's driver license point system. Comparisons of driving record were made by driver age and sex. The relationship between violations and traffic crashes was analyzed. The change in driving record after various interventions was investigated. Based on a review of the point systems used in other states and the analysis of the driver's license file, a revised point system was recommended for use in Kentucky.

College Of Law Commencement Program, 1998, University Of Kentucky

Graduation Programs

No abstract provided.

Diffuse Reflectance Changes During The Culture Of Cottage Cheese, Frederick Alan Payne, R. Carol Freels, Sue E. Nokes, Richard S. Gates

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A sensor for measuring diffuse reflectance of milk during the typical 6-h culture of cottage cheese was installed in a local manufacturing facility. Diffuse reflectance was found to increase slowly during the first three hours of the culture and increase rapidly toward the end of fermentation. The correlation between parameters generated from the diffuse reflectance profile and cutting time was sufficient to develop an algorithm for cutting time prediction. An algorithm incorporating t_max (time from adding culture to the maximum rate of change in reflectance) and slope of the reflectance curve at t_max predicted the operator selected cutting …

Multidirectional Ecg Coherent Optimal Timing Of Defibrillation Shocks, Abhijit R. Patwardhan, Fabio M. Leonelli

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Patents

A method for of delivering a defibrillation shock to a heart at an optimal time to stop ventricular fibrillation which involves obtaining an electrocardiogram of a heart in at least two directions, determining a time-coherency of the electrocardiogram based upon each of the at least two directions, and computing a tracking function from the time-coherency. An optimal time to apply a defibrillation shock to the heart is determined by locating a local maximum on the tracking function. The method utilizes spacia characteristics of the ventricular fibrillation. The method can be incorporated into implantable cardioverter defibrillators utilizing existing hardware technology.

Derek Webster & Mr. Imagination, Hipólito Rafael Chacón

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

The Canvas Of The Other: Fanon And Recognition, Anthony Peter Spanakos

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Forage News [1998-04], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Henning Elected AFGC President
• CRP - Native Plant Establishment
• Influence of Soil Texture on Alfalfa Autotoxicity
• Grazing Management Effects on Yield and Persistence of Alfalfa
• Length of the Grazing Period: Does it Really Matter?
• Coated Alfalfa Seed Establishment and Yield Trials in Commercial Fields in Central Minnesota
• Alfalfa Hay Storage Losses as Influenced by Bale Type and Storage Method
• Upcoming Events

Investigation And Analysis Of Heavy Truck Accidents, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of this study were to investigate and analyze traffic accidents involving trucks and to study the relationship between heavy loads and truck braking efficiency. Field tests were made to determine the effect of increased loads on the ability of a truck to brake to a stop and determine if the trucks could meet the requirements of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. The test combination truck with a gross weight of up to 151,180 was able to meet both braking distance and maximum G requirements. The test single-unit truck failed to meet requirements only at the maximum weight …

Cloning And Developmental Expression Of Pea Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Large Subunit N-Methyltransferase, Robert L. Houtz

Horticulture Faculty Patents

The gene sequence for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit (LS) εN-methyltransferase (protein methylase III or Rubisco LSMT) is disclosed. This enzyme catalyzes methylation of the ε-amine of lysine-14 in the large subunit of Rubisco. In addition, a full-length cDNA clone for Rubisco LSMT is disclosed. Transgenic plants and methods of producing same which (1) have the Rubisco LSMT gene inserted into the DNA, and (2) have the Rubisco LSMT gene product or the action of the gene product deleted from the DNA are also provided. Further, methods of using the gene to selectively deliver desired agents to a plant are …

Forage News [1998-02], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• National Alfalfa Symposium and XVIII Kentucky Alfalfa Conference February 26-27, 1998 University Plaza Hotel & Convention Center Bowling Green, Kentucky
• KFGC Awards to be Presented at Alfalfa Symposium
• U.K. All Commodity Field Day
• Grazing School for Spring 1998
• More Forage Learning Opportunities
• Forage Variety Reports
• Poultry Litter for Pastures
• Influence of Seedling Growth on Flooding Injury in Alfalfa
• Upcoming Events

Use Of Animal Wastes On Cropland, Monroe Rasnake, M. Scott Smith

Soil Science News and Views

In recent months, environmental issues relating to land application of animal and industrial wastes have been widely debated in Kentucky. On several occasions, members of the University of Kentucky Agronomy Department have been asked to provide scientific information and technical interpretation related to these complex and controversial issues. To be certain that the public and policy makers are provided with consistent and scientifically sound information, the Agronomy Department has decided to release consensus statements on some of the major agronomic issues involved. These statements reflect our best scientifically based interpretations of these important subjects. Several of our faculty with long …

Review Of Russian-English Collocational Dictionary Of The Human Body, By Lidija Iordanskaja And Slava Paperno, Andrew R. Hippisley

Linguistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Validating A Vegetative Filter Strip Performance Model, Puneet Srivastava, Thomas A. Costello, Dwayne R. Edwards, James A. Ferguson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) reduce losses of nutrients, solids, and other materials from land area treated with fertilizers and manures. A number of models are available that simulate nutrient and sediment transport in VFS. While VFS effectiveness is considered to depend on lengths of pollutant source area and VFS areas, few published studies have tried to validate these models using variable pollutant source area and VFS area. The objective of this study was to validate an event-based nutrient transport model (Chaubey et al., 1995) that simulates soluble nutrient transport in VFS. This model links three sub-models: modified Green-Ampt infiltration, non-linear …

Water Systems For Controlled Grazing, Larry W. Turner

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Intensive controlled or rotational grazing can be an important tool for beef and dairy producers in Kentucky. A key component for success with this type of operation is the availability of adequate drinking water for livestock on pasture.

Quantities, flow rates and location of water for rotational grazing will be considered in this fact sheet. Systems supplying water under pressure through hose or pipe to a tank or water bowl will be discussed in detail.

Lack Of Effect Of Leptin On Glucose Transport, Lipoprotein Lipase, And Insulin Action In Adipose And Muscle Cells, Subramanian Ranganathan, Theodore P. Ciaraldi, Robert R. Henry, Sunder Mudaliar, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

The effect of leptin on glucose transport, lipogenesis, and lipoprotein lipase activity was studied in cultured rat adipocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Leptin had no effect on basal and insulin stimulated glucose transport in isolated adipocytes from the rat and the genetically obese mouse. The incorporation of glucose into lipids was also unaffected. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity remained unchanged in response to leptin in these cells, as well as in minced adipose tissue. Leptin also had no effect on both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in cultured rat and human skeletal muscle cells. These studies showed that leptin had no effect …

Effects Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α On Glucose Metabolism In Cultured Human Muscle Cells From Nondiabetic And Type 2 Diabetic Subjects, Theodore P. Ciaraldi, Leslie Carter, Sunder Mudaliar, Philip A. Kern, Robert R. Henry

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

The effects of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFα) on glucose uptake and glycogen synthase (GS) activity were studied in human skeletal muscle cell cultures from nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. In nondiabetic muscle cells, acute (90-Min) exposure to TNFα (5 ng/ml) stimulated glucose uptake (73 ± 14% increase) to a greater extent than insulin (37 ± 4%; P < 0.02). The acute uptake response to TNFα in diabetic cells (51 ± 6% increase) was also greater than that to insulin (31 ± 3%; P < 0.05). Prolonged (24-h) exposure of nondiabetic muscle cells to TNFα resulted in a further stimulation of uptake (152 ± 31%; P < 0.05), whereas the increase in cells from type 2 diabetics was not significant compared with that in cells receiving acute treatment. After TNFα treatment, the level of glucose transporter-1 protein was elevated in nondiabetic (4.6-fold increase) and type 2 (1.7-fold) cells. Acute TNFα treatment had no effect on the fractional velocity of GS in either nondiabetic or type 2 cells. Prolonged exposure reduced the GS fractional velocity in both nondiabetic and diabetic cells. In summary, both acute and prolonged treatment with TNFα up-regulate glucose uptake activity in cultured human muscle cells, but reduce GS activity. Increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake in conditions of TNFα excess may serve as a compensatory mechanism in the insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes.

Kentucky Traffic Accident Facts 1998 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

KENTUCKY’S TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FACTS report for 1998 is based on accident reports submitted to the Accident Unit housed in the Kentucky State Police Information Services Branch, Records Section. As required by Kentucky Revised statutes 189.635, “every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made...shall file a report of the accident...within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau.” The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize date on traffic accidents” for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the Commonwealth.” Data contained in …

Absence Of Detectable Pharmacological Effects After Oral Administration Of Isoxsuprine, J. Daniel Harkins, G. D. Mundy, S. Stanley, W. E. Woods, R. A. Sams, D. R. Richardson, S. C. Grambow, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Isoxsuprine is reported to be a peripheral vasodilator used in human and veterinary medicine to treat ischaemic vascular disease. In horses, it is generally administered orally to treat navicular disease and other lower limb problems. To deflne the scope and duration of its pharmacological responses after oral administration, 6 horses were dosed with isoxsuprine HCI (1.2 mg/kg bwt) q. 12 h for 8 days and then tested to assess the duration and extent of pharmacological actions. There was no significant difference between isoxsuprine and control treatment values for heart rate, spontaneous activity, sweat production, anal muscle tone, core and skin …

An Overview Of The Methylxanthines And Their Regulation In The Horse, J Daniel Harkins, W. Allen Rees, G. D. Mundy, Scott D. Stanley, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Caffiene, theophylline and theobromine are naturally occurring members of the methylxanthine family;pentoxfylline, dyphylline and enprofylline are structurally related synthetic pharmaceuticals. Caffiene has predominantly central nervous system effects, theophylline, dyphylline and enprofylline have predominantly bronchodilator effects, while theobromine is associated with diuretic responses. Pentoxfylline is thought to increase red cell deformability and facillitate blood flow through capillary beds. The methylxanthines are not highly potent agents; they are typically administered in gram doses and they tend to have relatively long half-lives. They remain detectable in plasma and urine for relatively long periods. Similarly, traces of the naturally occurring members of this family …

Indexed Stems And Russian Word Formation: A Network Morphology Account Of Russian Personal Nouns, Andrew R. Hippisley

Linguistics Faculty Publications

Recent lexeme-based models have proposed that a lexeme carries an inventory of stems on which morphological rules operate. The various stems in the inventory are associated with different morphological rules, of both inflection and derivation. Furthermore, one stem may be selected by more than one rule. For this reason stems in the inventory are labeled with indexes, rather than being directly associated with a particular morphological function. It is claimed that an indexed-stem approach captures generalizations in the morphological system that would otherwise be missed. We argue that such an approach provides for greater generalization in the Russian morphological system. …

Exactly How Much Process Is Due? The Federal Courts Grapple With The Shifting Burdens Of Proof In Civil In Rem Forfeiture Under 21 U.S.C. § 881(A), David A. Cohen

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.