Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Kentucky

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 10771 - 10800 of 12201

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Spectral Reflectance Of Canopies Of Rainfed And Subsurface Irrigated Alfalfa, Dennis Wayne Hancock Jan 2006

Spectral Reflectance Of Canopies Of Rainfed And Subsurface Irrigated Alfalfa, Dennis Wayne Hancock

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The site-specific management of alfalfa has not been well-evaluated, despite the economic importance of this crop. The objectives of this work were to i) characterize the effects of soil moisture deficits on alfalfa and alfalfa yield components and ii) evaluate the use of canopy reflectance patterns in measuring treatment-induced differences in alfalfa yield. A randomized complete block design with five replicates of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and rainfed treatments of alfalfa was established at the University of Kentucky Animal Research Center in 2003. Potassium, as KCl, was broadcast on split-plots on 1 October 2004 at 0, 112, 336, and 448 …

Go to article

Effects Of Management On Reproductive Efficiency In Thoroughbreds, Reka Nagy Jan 2006

Effects Of Management On Reproductive Efficiency In Thoroughbreds, Reka Nagy

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Many factors influence the reproductive efficiency of thoroughbred mares. This thesisestimated two separate models for 13 farms in the 2004 breeding season. One model isestimated for pregnancy outcomes, the other is estimated for breeding intervals.Statistically significant variables include age of the mare, number of breedings, certainmedications, farm size, last date of breeding for the first model. Statistically significantvariables for the second model include age, status of mare, number of breedings, certainmedication, and farm size. The model has implication to achieve an optimal breedingschedule and associated management decisions

Go to article

Identification Of Cis-Acting Elements Controlling Gene Expression In S. Neurona, Rajshekhar Y. Gaji Jan 2006

Identification Of Cis-Acting Elements Controlling Gene Expression In S. Neurona, Rajshekhar Y. Gaji

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Sarcocystis neurona is an apicomplexan parasite that is a major cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). During intracellular development of S. neurona, many genes are temporally regulated. To better understand gene regulation, it is important to identify and characterize regulatory elements controlling gene expression in S. neurona. To perform this study, it was essential to establish transfection system for this parasite. Hence, the 5 flanking region of the SnSAG1 gene was isolated from a genomic library and used to construct expression plasmids. In transient assays, the reporter molecules -galactosidase (-gal) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) were expressed by electroporated S. …

Go to article

Flexible Coding Strategies In Pigeons: Retrospective And Prospective Coding Using A Radial Maze Analog Task, Kelly Ann Digian Jan 2006

Flexible Coding Strategies In Pigeons: Retrospective And Prospective Coding Using A Radial Maze Analog Task, Kelly Ann Digian

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Zentall, Steirn, and Jackson-Smith (1990) found evidence for dual coding in pigeons in a radial maze analog task. Specifically, they found that pigeons used retrospective coding in which previously chosen keys were remembered when a delay was interpolated early in a trial and prospective coding in which to-be-visited keys were remembered when a delay was interpolated late in a trial. An alternative explanation, the criterion shift hypothesis proposed by Brown, Wheeler, and Riley (1989), suggests that these data are consistent with dual coding because of an artifact of the correction procedures used by Zentall et al. The criterion hypothesis suggests …

Go to article

Process Optimization And Validation Of An Assay For High-Throughput Screening, Padma Priya Ravindranath Jan 2006

Process Optimization And Validation Of An Assay For High-Throughput Screening, Padma Priya Ravindranath

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

A biological assay is designed to set up a rapid and robust drug-screening system on a small scale. An assay is considered as a single unit of a platform to screen various compounds for aiding in drug discovery. Each assay is carried out in a 96-well plate, each of whose wells consists of the biological component called the Spheroids. The value of each assay lies in it facilitating for versatile screening applications. The spheroid is considered as a micro-structural product. And the addition of various compounds for testing is performed in each well (consisting of the spheroids). The focus has …

Go to article

Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Reductase-Null Mice As An Animal Model To Study Electron Transfer Pathways In Cholesterol Synthesis And Cyp2e1-Mediated Drug Metabolism, Li Li Jan 2006

Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Reductase-Null Mice As An Animal Model To Study Electron Transfer Pathways In Cholesterol Synthesis And Cyp2e1-Mediated Drug Metabolism, Li Li

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is a flavoprotein containing both FAD and FMN and functions as the electron donor protein for several oxygenase enzymes found on the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells, including cytochrome P450s involved in drug metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis. As many as three enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway have been demonstrated, or proposed, to use CPR as a redox partner: squalene monooxygenase, which converts squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene; lanosterol demethylase, a cytochrome P450 (CYP51); and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the final step in cholesterol synthesis. In yeast CPR can be replaced by the NADH-cytochrome b5 pathway, but this has not …

Go to article

Chemometrics, Spectrometry, And Sensors For Integrated Sensing And Processing: Advancing Process Analytical Technology, Joseph Peter Medendorp Jan 2006

Chemometrics, Spectrometry, And Sensors For Integrated Sensing And Processing: Advancing Process Analytical Technology, Joseph Peter Medendorp

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The research contained in the following dissertation spans a diverse range of scientific scholarship, including; chemometrics for integrated sensing and processing (ISP), near infrared and acoustic resonance spectrometry for analyte quantification and classification, and an ISP acoustic sensor as an alternative to conventional acoustic spectrometry. These topics may at first seem disjointed; however, closer inspection reveals that chemometrics, spectrometry, and sensors taken together form the umbrella under which applied spectrometry and analytical chemistry fall. The inclusion of each of these three serves to paint the complete portrait of the role of applied spectrometry for the advancement of process analytical technology. …

Go to article

Pharmaceutically Engineered Nanoparticles For Enhancing Immune Responses To Hiv-1 Tat And Gag P24 Proteins, Jigna D. Patel Jan 2006

Pharmaceutically Engineered Nanoparticles For Enhancing Immune Responses To Hiv-1 Tat And Gag P24 Proteins, Jigna D. Patel

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

These studies were aimed at investigating the potential application of nanoparticles engineered from oil-in-water microemulsion precursors for enhancing immune responses to HIV-1 Tat and Gag p24 proteins. Both of the HIV-1 proteins have been reported to be critical in the virus life cycle and are being evaluated in clinical trials as vaccine candidates. Anionic nanoparticles were prepared using emulsifying wax as the oil phase and Brij 78 and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactants. The resulting nanoparticles were coated with Tat and were demonstrated to produce superior immune responses after administration to BALB/c mice compared to Tat adjuvanted with Alum. …

Go to article

The Genetic Regulation Of The Response Of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells To The Cytostatic Agent Hydroxyurea, Jeffrey Lynn Yates Jan 2006

The Genetic Regulation Of The Response Of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells To The Cytostatic Agent Hydroxyurea, Jeffrey Lynn Yates

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Cellular proliferation is a key characteristic of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) that allows for the production of all blood cell lineages during an individuals lifetime. While this feature of stem cells is strictly regulated during steadystate and stress hematopoiesis, it also contributes to the development of myeloproliferative disorders, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia, essential thrombocythemia, and polycythemia vera. It should come as no surprise then, that common treatments for these diseases often target the proliferative nature of the dysfunctional HSC/HPCs. Thus, the identification of molecular determinants of cell cycle regulation associated with these disorders could serve as targets …

Go to article

Nicotinic Receptor Modulation Of Dopamine Transporters, Lisa Sue Middleton Jan 2006

Nicotinic Receptor Modulation Of Dopamine Transporters, Lisa Sue Middleton

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The current project examined the ability of nicotine to modulate dopamine transporter (DAT) function. Initial experiments determined the dose-response for nicotine to modulate dopamine (DA) clearance in rat striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) using in vivo voltammetry and determined if this effect was mediated by nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). In both striatum and MPFC, nicotine increased DA clearance in a mecamylamine-sensitive manner, indicating nAChR-mediation. The effect of acute nornicotine on DAT function was also determined. In contrast to nicotine, nornicotine in a dose-related manner decreased striatal DA clearance in a mecamylamine-sensitive manner, indicating nAChR mediation. To determine if tolerance developed …

Go to article

Manipulation Of Thinness And Restricting Expectancies: Further Evidence For A Causal Role Of Thinness And Restricting Expectancies In The Etiology Of Eating Disorders, Agnes M. Annus Jan 2006

Manipulation Of Thinness And Restricting Expectancies: Further Evidence For A Causal Role Of Thinness And Restricting Expectancies In The Etiology Of Eating Disorders, Agnes M. Annus

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Eating disorder expectancy theory proposes a causal role for expectancies for reinforcement from thinness. The authors conducted an experimental test of that hypothesis. Undergraduate college women (N = 154) were randomized to either a psychoeducational control of proven effectiveness or an experimental manipulation of thinness and restricting expectancies. Participants in each condition attended three experimental sessions and one, follow-up session, each one week apart. For both groups, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, purging frequency, and binge eating frequency declined over the course of the study. In addition, the thinness expectancy manipulation produced greater declines in thinness expectancies, body dissatisfaction, and purging …

Go to article

Identification Of Viral And Host Factors Involved In Tombusvirus Replication And Recombination, Natalia Shapka Jan 2006

Identification Of Viral And Host Factors Involved In Tombusvirus Replication And Recombination, Natalia Shapka

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Rapid evolution of RNA viruses with mRNA-sense genomes is a major concern to health and economic welfare due to the devastating diseases these viruses inflict on humans, animals and plants. Rapid viral RNA evolution is frequently due to RNA recombination, which can be facilitated by recombination signals present in viral RNAs. Among such signals are short sequences with high AU contents that constitute recombination hot spots in Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and retroviruses. We have demonstrated that a defective interfering (DI) RNA, a model template associated with Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a tombusvirus, undergoes frequent recombination in plants and …

Go to article

Investigating Age-Related Inhibitory Deficits In Spatial Working Memory, Joann Lianekhammy Jan 2006

Investigating Age-Related Inhibitory Deficits In Spatial Working Memory, Joann Lianekhammy

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Age-related inhibitory effects were investigated during spatial memory performance. In Experiment 1, 15 young (M = 20 years) and 16 old adults (M = 70 years) completed two spatial tasks (i.e., Block Suppression Test, Corsi Block Tapping Test) that differed in need for inhibitory processing. Accuracy differences within each task revealed age-related differences in spatial working memory and between task differences revealed that older adults had difficulty ignoring irrelevant items. Experiment 2 (10 young, 10 old adults) examined whether the distractibility of irrelevant items in the inhibition task (i.e. BST) accounted for the age-related inhibitory effects. Findings were largely consistent …

Go to article

Using Ndvi As A Pasture Management Tool, Ernest Scott Flynn Jan 2006

Using Ndvi As A Pasture Management Tool, Ernest Scott Flynn

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Maintaining forage availability is challenging for managers of grazing systems, especially in spatially heterogeneous swards. Remote sensing may help to overcome this problem. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine a method by which NDVI may be calibrated to estimate biomass, (ii) determine if NDVI can be used to assess spatial variability of yield in extensive grasslands, and (iii) to determine if NDVI can be used to evaluate grazing systems. We found that the calibration of NDVI values for the estimation of biomass was better correlated with the destructive harvesting procedure (R2 = 0.68) but far more laborious …

Go to article

Ecological Weed Management For Organic Farming Systems, Derek M. Law Jan 2006

Ecological Weed Management For Organic Farming Systems, Derek M. Law

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Two field studies examining direct ecological weed control practices were conducted in Lexington, Kentucky. The first evaluated weed control efficacy and influence on yields of several mulches in two organically-managed bell pepper (Capsicum annum) production systems for two years. Peppers were planted in double rows in flat, bare ground or on black polyethylene-covered raised beds with drip irrigation, and four mulches (straw, compost, wood chips, and undersown white dutch clover (Trifolium repens L.) living mulch) were applied to the two production systems. In both years, polyethylene-covered raised beds produced higher yields than the flat, bare ground system. In the second …

Go to article

Studies Of Genetic Variation At The Kit Locus And White Spotting Patterns In The Horse, Samantha Ann Brooks Jan 2006

Studies Of Genetic Variation At The Kit Locus And White Spotting Patterns In The Horse, Samantha Ann Brooks

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

There are numerous different white spotting patterns in the horse, including two of particular interest tobiano and sabino. In the mouse, genetic variation in the gene KIT causes many white spotting patterns. Due to the phenotypic similarity among white spotting patterns in horses and mice, KIT was investigated as the cause of the tobiano and sabino spotting patterns in horses. Initially, the KIT cDNA sequences from horses with several spotting patterns were compared. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, though none were associated with a spotting pattern. Three novel splicing variants were also observed: exon 17 skipping, exon 18 …

Go to article

Role Of The Neuronal Specific Transcription Coregulator Npdc-1 In Retinoid And Thyroid Receptor Signaling In Human And The Axolotl Ambystoma Mexicanum, Maria Theodosiou Jan 2006

Role Of The Neuronal Specific Transcription Coregulator Npdc-1 In Retinoid And Thyroid Receptor Signaling In Human And The Axolotl Ambystoma Mexicanum, Maria Theodosiou

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Section I: This section is an introduction to the field of nuclear receptors. A general overview of nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation is followed by a review of literature on retinoid and thyroid receptor-mediated signaling. Section II: An introduction to NPDC-1 (neural proliferation, differentiation, and control), its discovery and characterization with regards to developmental expression and cellular localization. In addition NPDC-1 has been found to associate with a number of cell cycle regulatory proteins. NPDC-1 is characterized as a regulator of nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation. NPDC-1 was also demonstrated to be regulated post-transcriptionally through the ubiquitin/proteosome degradation pathway. Section III: Axolotl …

Go to article

Dietary Lysine:Calorie Ratios And Their Influence On Nitrogen Metabolism And Digestibility In Moderately Obese Mature Dogs, Trista Reeder Jan 2006

Dietary Lysine:Calorie Ratios And Their Influence On Nitrogen Metabolism And Digestibility In Moderately Obese Mature Dogs, Trista Reeder

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This experiment was conducted to determine if changing the amount of ideal aminoacids (meaning the amount of amino acids necessary to supply all the animal's needswithout excesses or deficiencies of any single amino acid), in relation to caloric intakewill change nitrogen metabolism and weight loss in obese mature dogs. Informationprovided by this experiment can be used to formulate canine diets emphasizing weightloss in older animals.Six moderately obese mature female crossbred hounds were fed diets varying in theirratio of lysine:calories (Lysine % : Mcal ME/g) (2.2, 3.0, and 3.8) in a 3 x 3 replicatedLatin square design. Increasing the lysine:calorie of …

Go to article

Neurochemical Studies Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications In The Striatum And Nucleus Accumbens Of The Fischer 344 Rat, Barry Matthew Joyce Jan 2006

Neurochemical Studies Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications In The Striatum And Nucleus Accumbens Of The Fischer 344 Rat, Barry Matthew Joyce

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Stimulant medications such as D-amphetamine, mixed-salts (75% D- and25% L-) amphetamine; Adderall®, and methylphenidate are first-line treatmentsfor Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In vivo studies havepredominantly focused on these stimulants in the context of drug abuse, andtheir therapeutic mechanistic properties are only theoretical. Previously, in vivotechniques have been limited by poor temporal and spatial resolution, andcharacterizations of these medications in rodent models have not been possibleat low, clinically relevant levels. In order to address these issues, our laboratoryused in vivo high speed chronoamperometric microelectrodes to characterize theeffects of local applications of D-amphetamine, L-amphetamine, D,Lamphetamine,and Adderall® at low levels in the striatum and …

Go to article

Roles Of Cyclooxygenase-2 In Microglial Activation And Dopaminergic Cell Death, Rattanavijit Vijitruth Jan 2006

Roles Of Cyclooxygenase-2 In Microglial Activation And Dopaminergic Cell Death, Rattanavijit Vijitruth

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the progression ofParkinson's disease (PD). Among many inflammatory factors found in the PD brain, cyclooxygenase(COX), especially the inducible isoform, COX-2, is believed to be the critical enzyme in theinflammatory response. Induction of COX-2 is also found in an experimental model of PD producedby administration of 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). To investigate whetherinhibition of COX-2 by valdecoxib or deficiency in COX-2 could prevent dopaminergic neuronaltoxicity and locomotor activity impairment, we injected MPTP into valdecoxib-treated C57BL/6N miceand COX-2 deficient mice, respectively. Both automated total distance and vertical activitymeasurements of the open-field test were significantly …

Go to article

Landuse Patterning Of Early Foragers In The Northeastern Desert Of Mexico: Interpretation And Archaeological Visibility, James Michael White Jan 2006

Landuse Patterning Of Early Foragers In The Northeastern Desert Of Mexico: Interpretation And Archaeological Visibility, James Michael White

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation describes the results of archaeological survey and excavationsundertaken on the Mesa el Chaparral in the county of Mina in Nuevo Leon, Mexicoduring 2001. Sixty-six previously undocumented archaeological sites were discovered onthe arid surface. Excavations found no intact subsurface deposits, but a wealth of surfacedata was collected. Subsequent analyses demonstrated a forager lifeway for the majorityof the Holocene human occupation of the region in a remarkably stable pattern.To understand sites found on the deflated modern surface necessitatedcontemplation of the basic theories and models used in hunter-gatherer research. Thisallowed for the construction of new diagrams designed to hypothesize fundamentalrelationships between …

Go to article

Structural And Functional Studies Of Synaptic Enzymes, Eun Jeong Lim Jan 2006

Structural And Functional Studies Of Synaptic Enzymes, Eun Jeong Lim

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP, EC 3.4.24.15) and neurolysin (EC 3.4.24.16) are zincdependent metallopeptidases that metabolize small bioactive peptides. The two enzymes share60 % sequence identity and their crystal structures demonstrate that they adopt nearly identicalfolds. They generally cleave at the same sites, but they recognize different positions on somepeptides, including neurotensin, a 13-residue peptide involved in modulation of dopaminergiccircuits, pain perception, and thermoregulation.On the basis of crystal structures and previous mapping studies, four residues(E469/R470, M490/R491, H495/N496, and R498/T499, TOP residues listed first) in thesubstrate-binding channel appear positioned to account for differences in specificity. TOPmutated to the neurolysin residues at all four …

Go to article

Enhanced Grain Crop Yield Monitor Accuracy Through Sensor Fusion And Post-Processing Algorithms, Matthew Wayne Veal Jan 2006

Enhanced Grain Crop Yield Monitor Accuracy Through Sensor Fusion And Post-Processing Algorithms, Matthew Wayne Veal

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Yield monitors have become an indispensable part of precision agriculture systemsbecause of their ability to measure the yield variability. Accurate yield monitor data availabilityis essential for the assessment of farm practices. The current technology of measuring grainyields is prone to errors that can be attributed to mass flow variations caused by the mechanismswithin a grain combine. Because of throughput variations, there are doubts regarding thecorrelation between the mass flow measurement and the actual grain volume produced at aspecific location. Another inaccuracy observed in yield monitor data can be attributed to inexactcut-widths values entered by the machine operator.To effectively address these …

Go to article

Physiological And Anatomical Assessment Of Synapses At The Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction, Andrew Fredericks Moser Johnstone Jan 2006

Physiological And Anatomical Assessment Of Synapses At The Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction, Andrew Fredericks Moser Johnstone

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, has a multitude of ideal sites in which synaptic transmission may be studied. Its opener muscle, being innervated by a single excitatory neuron is a good model for studying the structure/function of neuromuscular junctions since the preparation is identifiable from animal to animal and the nerve terminals are visible using a vital dye. This allows ease in finding a suitable site to record from in each preparation and offers the ability to relocate it anatomically. Marking a recorded site and rebuilding it through electron microscopy gives good detail of synaptic struture for assesment.In the first of …

Go to article

Cloning And Expression Of Key Endocrine Genes In A Study On Estrogen Stimulated Sexual Size Dimorphism (Ssd) In Yellow Perch, Scott George Lynn Jan 2006

Cloning And Expression Of Key Endocrine Genes In A Study On Estrogen Stimulated Sexual Size Dimorphism (Ssd) In Yellow Perch, Scott George Lynn

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exhibit an estrogen stimulated sexual sizedimorphism (SSD) wherein females grow faster and larger than males. In an effort togain better understanding of this phenomenon, several genes associated with sexualdevelopment, reproduction and growth were cloned, including prolactin (PRL),somatolactin (SL), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-Ib), the estrogen receptors (ER?? andER??a) and ovarian aromatase (CYP19A1). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assaysfor all the genes listed above, plus growth hormone (GH), were developed to measuremRNA levels in pituitary, liver and ovary.Adult fish were collected from Lake Erie in the spring (May) and autumn(October) over two years and tissue mRNA levels, body weight, …

Go to article

A Mass Spectrometry-Based Study Of Serum Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition From Pesticide Exposure And Organophosphate Pesticide-Induced Proteome Alteration, Jinchun Sun Jan 2006

A Mass Spectrometry-Based Study Of Serum Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition From Pesticide Exposure And Organophosphate Pesticide-Induced Proteome Alteration, Jinchun Sun

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Pesticides including organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CBs) are widelyused to control undesirable pests. These compounds are neurotoxic and inhibithydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase. Public healthconcerns have increased with the escalating usage of pesticides. Reliable monitoringprograms are required to detect and quantify pesticide exposure, as well as to promotean understanding of their neurotoxic properties. In this dissertation, both theanticholinergic (Part I) toxicity and neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells (Part II) ofpesticides were explored using mass spectrometry (MS). The high sensitivity andhigh-throughput of this technique renders it well-suited for proteomics analysis.Part I describes the study of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition resultingfrom OP …

Go to article

Cd(Ii)-, Pb(Ii)- And Hg(Ii)-2-Aminoethanethiolates, Mohan Singh Bharara Jan 2006

Cd(Ii)-, Pb(Ii)- And Hg(Ii)-2-Aminoethanethiolates, Mohan Singh Bharara

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This theses presents the synthesis and characterization of Cd(II)-, Pb(II)- and Hg(II)-aminoethanethiolates in aqueous media. 2-Aminoethanethiolate, a versatile sulfur andnitrogen (S/N) based ligand was used due to its resemblance to the naturally occurringamino acid, cysteine. The work is presented in four major parts: first, backgroundinformation on the versatile structural chemistry of Cd, Pb and Hg-thiolates with S/Ncontaining ligands; second, synthesis and characterization of Cd(II) with 2-aminoethanethiolates; third, synthesis and characterization and structural chemistry ofPb(II) with 2-aminoethanethiolates; and fourth, synthesis and characterization of Hg(II)-2-aminoethanethiolates in solution- and solid-state with emphasis on the mechanisticpathways for the formation of clusters.The compounds reported here …

Go to article

Multifunctional Potential Therapeutics Towards Oxidative Stress Mediated Neurodegenerative Disorders And Models Thereof, Gururaj Joshi Jan 2006

Multifunctional Potential Therapeutics Towards Oxidative Stress Mediated Neurodegenerative Disorders And Models Thereof, Gururaj Joshi

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The studies described in this dissertation were performed with the goal of understandingthe function of antioxidant compounds delivered in vivo to rodents and the implication of theresults towards oxidative stress (OS)-related neurodegenerative disorders with particularemphasis on Alzheimer's disease (AD). OS has been implicated in AD and is characterized byextensive oxidative damage to protein, lipids and DNA. A major thrust of this dissertation workwas to gain insight into antioxidant properties of compounds used in the following studies andtheir efficacy as potential therapeutics for treatment of OS-related disorders.D609, a glutathione (GSH) mimetic is known to trap OH. Radicals, scavenge H2O2 andreduce the …

Go to article

Increased Oxidative Damage To Dna And The Effects On Mitochondrial Protein In Alzheimer's Disease, Jianquan Wang Jan 2006

Increased Oxidative Damage To Dna And The Effects On Mitochondrial Protein In Alzheimer's Disease, Jianquan Wang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible, neurodegenerative disease. The key to understanding AD is to elucidate the pathogenesis of neuron degeneration in specific brain regions.We hypothesize that there is increased DNA oxidation in AD brain compared to age-matched control subjects, especially in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and that the changes in DNA bases will affect protein expression in mitochondria and contribute to neurodegeneration in AD. To test this hypothesis:1) We quantified multiple oxidized bases in nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes and cerebellum from late-stage AD (LAD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and age-matched control subjects …

Go to article

Oxidative Stress And Redox Proteomics Studies In Models Of Neurodegenerative Disorders: I. The Canine Model Of Human Aging; Ii. Insights Into Successful Aging; And Iii. Traumatic Brain Injury, Wycliffe Omondi Opii Jan 2006

Oxidative Stress And Redox Proteomics Studies In Models Of Neurodegenerative Disorders: I. The Canine Model Of Human Aging; Ii. Insights Into Successful Aging; And Iii. Traumatic Brain Injury, Wycliffe Omondi Opii

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The studies presented in this dissertation were conducted with the objective ofgaining greater understanding into the mechanisms of successful aging, the role ofmitochondria dysfunction in traumatic brain injury, and also on the mechanisms ofimproved learning and cognitive function in the aging.Aging is usually characterized by impairments in physiological functionsincreasing its susceptibility to dementia and neurodegenerative disorders. In thisdissertation, the mechanisms of dementia-free aging were investigated. The use of anantioxidant fortified diet and a program of behavioral enrichment in the canine model ofhuman aging was shown to result in a significant decrease in the levels of oxidativestress. A proteomic analysis of …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last